著者

門脇 辰彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.8, pp.577-582, 2010-08-01 (Released:2011-09-12)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

著者

竹内 誉羽 庄野 修 辻野 広司

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.92-102, 2012 (Released:2012-02-10)

参考文献数

23

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Future robots/agents will perform situated behaviors for each user. Flexible behavioral learning is required for coping with diverse and unexpected users' situations. Unexpected situations are usually not tractable for machine learning systems that are designed for pre-defined problems. In order to realize such a flexible learning system, we were trying to create a learning model that can function in several different kinds of state transitions without specific adjustments for each transition as a first step. We constructed a modular neural network model based on reinforcement learning. We expected that combining a modular architecture with neural networks could accelerate the learning speed of neural networks. The inputs of our neural network model always include not only observed states but also memory information for any transition. In pure Markov decision processes, memory information is not necessary, rather it can lead to lower performance. On the other hand, partially observable conditions require memory information to select proper actions. We demonstrated that the new learning model could actually learn those multiple kinds of state transitions with the same architectures and parameters, and without pre-designed models of environments. This paper describes the performances of constructed models using probabilistically fluctuated Markov decision processes including partially observable conditions. In the test transitions, the observed state probabilistically fluctuated. The new learning model could function in those complex transitions. In addition, the learning speeds of our model are comparable to a reinforcement learning algorithm implemented with a pre-defined and optimized table-representation of states.

著者

岡 道男

出版者

法制史学会

雑誌

法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1984, no.34, pp.23-46,en4, 1985-03-30 (Released:2009-11-16)

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Did Cicero intend his statesman to be understood as a 'new concept' (K. Büchner) when he called him tutor et procurator rei publicae and rector et gubernator civitatis (2.51)?Now numerous instances before and with Cicero of similar metaphors and their combinations applied to political activities make it quite clear that there is nothing new insofar as these phrases are concerned. So in view of their well-known metaphorical character 'minus......tritum sermone nostro' (2.51) should not be translated by 'not frequently used in our language i.e. Latin' but by 'not fully treated in our conversa-tion'.The study of the passages concerning the role of this statesman suggests too that it is chiefly based on auctoritas and is not appreciably different from that of the principes of the Roman republic. It is, however, very remarkable that the analogy of the reason swaying and controlling the mind, by which the imperium of a monarch is explained, seems also to have been used to describe the activities of this statesman (2.67ff.). Cicero, while conceding the superiority to the mixed form of constitution, maintains that monarchy is to be preferred to the other unmixed forms because of, among others, the fact that there will be no imperium at all unless it remains a unit. It could be inferred from this that what Cicero, when using this analogy, had in mind was a statesman who, while acting on auctoritas (2.69: ut sese......sicut speculum praebeat civibus), would be the sole leader in the state. This semi-monarchistic role is, however, clearly incompatible with the principles of the mixed form of constitution which Cicero pronounces the best and sees embodied in the Roman republic. This inconsistency, if it may be called so, could have resulted from his theorizing on an ideal statesman in line with Greek political theories while retaining him in the framework of the Roman republic.Now this statesman is set in opposition to a tyrant who is nothing but a deteriorated form of monarchy as is illustrated by the Roman history. This transformation of the best single form into the worst is most typical of all political changes. The mixed form, according to the Greek theories (mainly Polybios) outlined in the De re publica, is the most effective in maintaining equality and stability and thus preventing any change for the worse because it combines and balances the elements of the three unmixed forms; whereas Cicero sees the vital factor of stabilization in the statesman who cares for the practical interests and the self-respect of his fellow-citizens, foreseeing dangerous changes and taking necessary steps against them. Here Cicero, while following a familiar pattern of political discussions where a tyrant or tyranny is contrasted with a just king or other forms of constitution, reserves for his statesman a leading role in renewing and preserving the Roman state, and all who are present in the conversation are urged to become like him (2.45) since he is an exemplum (2.69), a model to be followed by all his fellow-citizens.The impression thus gained would be that of a 'new' statesman, but he remains nonetheless a traditional i. e. republican princeps, presented as he is in an idealized form. This method of theorizing on the traditional institutions (mos maiorum), idealizing and presenting them as exempla, is used again in the De legibus which was probably begun as soon as, or before, the De re publica was finished.It is not clear whether Augustus was influenced by Cicero's concept of this statesman. Granting that he adopted for his principate the latter's concept, then he pretended it was not new, for he emphasized his role in having restored the Roman republic and posed as a traditional princeps acting on auctoritas. In reality, however, his principate was nothing other than a kind of monarchy, a novus status, as Suetonius called it.

著者

高畑 彩友美 冨田 圭子 饗庭 照美 大谷 貴美子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.5, pp.287-299, 2006 (Released:2007-10-12)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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“子どもたちは家族と楽しい食事時間を過ごすことでコミュニケーション能力を育み, 親子の相互理解を深めることで安定した人格を形成する. それには親の食生活や子育てに関する意識, 生活充実感, 過去の食経験が深く関わっている” という仮説を立て, 母子の「コミュニケーション頻度」を被説明変数とし, 母親の「過去の食経験」を外生変数とするパスモデルを構築し検証を行った. その結果, 仮説は検証された.1) 母とのコミュニケーションが少ない子どもは, 食に対する興味や活気が低く, 幼稚園の先生の評価においても友達の嫌がることをしがちであるなどの傾向がみられた.2) 母親自身の過去の食経験が好ましいほど, 母親の食事観を良くし, そのことは, 子どもの食への興味を高め, 母子間のコミュニケーション頻度を高めていた. また母親の過去の食経験が好ましいほど, 現在の母親の生活充実感が高く, そのことは子どもへの積極的な養育態度や食との関わり方を介し, 母子間の「コミュニケーション頻度」を高めていた.

著者

Minoru NIDAIRA Kazuaki TAKAHASHI Go OGURA Katsuya TAIRA Shou OKANO Jun KUDAKA Kiyomasa ITOKAZU Shunji MISHIRO Masaji NAKAMURA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.11-0520, (Released:2012-07-25)

被引用文献数

14 33 10

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has previously been reported in wild mongooses on Okinawa Island; to date however, only one HEV RNA sequence has been identified in a mongoose. Hence, this study was performed to detect HEV RNA in 209 wild mongooses on Okinawa Island. Six (2.9%) samples tested positive for HEV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 6 HEV RNAs belonged to genotype 3 and were classified into groups A and B. In group B, mongoose-derived HEV sequences were very similar to mongoose HEV previously detected on Okinawa Island, as well as to those of a pig. This investigation emphasized the possibility that the mongoose is a reservoir animal for HEV on Okinawa Island.

著者

白土 寛和 野々村 美宗 前野 隆司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.726, pp.541-546, 2007-02-25 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

6 11 2

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Artificial skin having human skin-like texture is necessary for the development of tactile evaluation systems and for robots that have physical contact with humans. This paper describes a novel type of artificial skin having human skin-like texture and a model of human texture perception. The artificial skin is designed by emulating the surface shape pattern and elastic structure of the human skin. Appropriate wettability and friction property of the artificial skin is achieved by designing the surface shape. Through sensory evaluation, we confirm the artificial skin has human skin-like texture due to its surface shape pattern and elastic structure. In addition, we build a model of skin-like texture perception through multivariate analysis between physical parameters and tactile factor scores. This model can indicate what factor is important for human skin-like texture. From the results, artificial skin having optional skin-like texture can be developed

著者

矢田 努 高木 清江 仙田 満

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.645, pp.1219-1228, 2009-11-30 (Released:2010-04-01)

参考文献数

4

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Factor analysis of semantic differential data, with forty-eight cases of collegiate lecture rooms psychologically assessed by students during regular classes, has established that distance evaluation forms diagonal coordinates together with overall evaluation. Multiple regression analysis has then explained psychological distance in five variables: room depth, natural lighting, illumination, window-opening ratio and student density. The ratio of room depth to breadth and main window area on both sides are also explanatory variables, supporting hypotheses of tunnel effect and window-frame rhythms as increasing factor. A multiple-regression equation explaining 69.4% of variance has revealed that 100~180 lx increase of illumination should compensate 1.8m decrease in room depth.

著者

Constance Schmelzer Gerti Lorenz Gerald Rimbach Frank Döring

出版者

日本酸化ストレス学会

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.62-66, 2009 (Released:2008-12-27)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

41 70

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Ubiquinol-10 (QH2), the reduced form of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) serves as a potent antioxidant of lipid membranes. Because many antioxidants reveal potent anti-inflammatory effects, the influence of QH2 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Stimulation of cells with LPS resulted in a distinct release of Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and Monocyte chemotattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The LPS-induced responses were significantly decreased by pre-incubation of cells with QH2 to 60.27 ± 9.3% (p = 0.0009), 48.13 ± 6.93% (p = 0.0007) and 74.36 ± 7.25% (p = 0.008) for TNF-α, MIP-1α and RANTES, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate anti-inflammatory effects of the reduced form of CoQ10 on various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vitro.

著者

Committee for Guidelines for Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Japanese Society on Surgery for Cerebral Stroke

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.355-429, 2012 (Released:2012-06-25)

参考文献数

336

被引用文献数

18 34

著者

厚地 伸 増田 育司 赤毛 宏 伊折 克生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.5, pp.714-721, 2004 (Released:2005-07-08)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

11 17 9

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鹿児島県近海で漁獲された計1,009個体の耳石横断薄層切片をもとに, 本種の年齢と成長を検討した。輪紋 (不透明帯内縁) は年1回, 12~4月に形成され, 主産卵期の1~3月とほぼ同時期であった。誕生日を2月1日と仮定し, von Bertalanffyの成長式を当てはめた結果, 雄の成長はLt = 547.0{1−exp[−0.524 (t + 0.742)]}, 雌はLt = 844.0{1−exp[−0.284 (t + 0.789)]}で表され, 1歳時を除いて雌は雄よりも大きい体サイズを示した。雌雄共に天然魚と放流魚間では成長に有意差はみられず, 観察された雄の最高齢は18歳, 雌は13歳であった。

著者

吉野 博子 米満 春美 荷見 澄子 雨宮 禎子 平田 幸正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会

雑誌

糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.11, pp.1001-1006, 1991-11-30 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

12

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症例は糖尿病の既往のない50歳のインドネシア人男性で, 断食 (ラマダーン) 開始後11日目に傾眠傾向に陥った.来院時, 著明な脱水を認め, 著しい高血糖 (734mg/dl) と高ナトリウム血症 (151mEq/l) により血清浸透圧の上昇 (363mOsm/kg) を来たしていた.動脈血ガス分析では, pH7.321, PaO2 80.3mmHg, PaCO2 41.4mmHg, HCO-320.9mEq/lであった.高浸透圧性非ケトン性昏睡と診断後, ただちに0.45%食塩液の補液と速効型インスリンの持続静脈内注入 (CVII) を行ない, 脱水の改善と血糖の低下と共に意識状態も回復した, 高浸透圧性非ケトン性昏睡の誘因の多くは, 医原性であり注意を必要とすることはよく知られているが, 本例のような断食中に発症した症例の報告は見られず, 糖尿病者のラマダーン中における脱水に対しては十分な配慮が必要であることを示した1例である.

著者

小笠原 克彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本放射線技術学会

雑誌

日本放射線技術学会雑誌 (ISSN:03694305)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.6, pp.668-672, 2010-06-20 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 2 2

著者

Masayuki Hayakawa Hideki Yamamura Youji Nakagawa Yoshika Kawa Yukikazu Hayashi Taku Misonou Hidehiro Kaneko Noriko Kikushima Terumi Takahashi Shuhei Yamasaki Yoshinobu Uegaki Akihiro Terasawa Kiyotoshi Takao Tomokazu Mori Ken-ichi Ago Nanako Saito Tatsuya Hasegawa

出版者

日本放線菌学会

雑誌

日本放線菌学会誌 (ISSN:09145818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.58-62, 2010-12-25 (Released:2010-12-15)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 8 5

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In this study, we investigated the taxonomic diversity of actinomycetes isolated from swine manure compost that had undergone self-heating. Pretreatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and subsequent cultivation of the compost sample on humic acid-vitamin agar at 30 and 50°C resulted in the selective isolation of 125 actinomycete strains. These isolates were classified using a combination of morphological characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, with sequence similarities of ≥97% and ≥99% used to identify isolates at genus and species level, respectively. The isolated actinomycete assemblage consisted of a diverse array of species, with the 125 isolates falling into 10 families, 15 genera, and 22 species. The most dominant thermophilic actinomycetes were Saccharomonospora (Sam.) viridis and Thermobifida fusca, followed by Actinomadura spp. Other species that were frequently isolated at 30°C included Glycomyces spp., Nocardiopsis (Nop.) alba, Nop. composta, Rhodococcus rhodochrous, and Sam. azurea.

著者

大谷 眞二 山本 直子 佐藤 尚喜 松波 馨士 岡本 幹三 黒沢 洋一

出版者

日本緩和医療学会

雑誌

Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.185-191, 2012 (Released:2012-07-18)

参考文献数

12

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終末期がん患者における輸液量と呼吸困難・気道分泌との関連性を明らかにすることを目的として後ろ向き研究を行った. 悪性新生物により死亡した138例を対象とし, 死亡前1週の輸液量1,000 ml/日以下の少量群85例と1,001 ml/日以上の多量群53例に分けて呼吸困難と気道分泌の有無を比較した. また, これらの症状に影響のある因子を多変量解析で求めた. 呼吸困難と気道分泌は多量群の64.2%, 52.8%にみられ, 少量群(32.9%, 15.3%)と比較して有意に高値であった. 呼吸困難に関連していたのは肺病変(オッズ比3.55), 輸液1,001 ml/日以上(3.54), オピオイド投与(0.40)で, 気道分泌では肺病変(7.29), 輸液1,001 ml/日以上(4.43), 食事摂取(0.31)であった. 過量な輸液が呼吸器症状に影響を及ぼすことが示唆され, 1,000 mlを超えない輸液が1つの目安と考えられた.

著者

杉浦 八十生 井澤 菜緒子 根本 悦夫 信田 政子 加勢田 靜 井野元 智恵

出版者

日本緩和医療学会

雑誌

Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.530-536, 2012 (Released:2012-07-20)

参考文献数

21

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症例は40歳代, 女性. 2011年3月, 胸部圧迫感を訴え, 胸部CTで前縦隔腫瘍, 両肺に多発結節を認めた. 2010年7月のCTでは病変はなく, 2011年1月の胸部X線写真でも明らかな病変は指摘できず, 急速な増大が考えられた. 既往歴に不正性器出血および月経困難症があった. 画像診断において, 骨転移, 子宮頸部および体部に複数の腫瘍が存在した. 前縦隔腫瘍および子宮腫瘍に対して針生検を施行し, 同一組織像であり, 胸腺未分化がん, 多発肺転移・子宮転移・骨転移と診断された. 急速に増大した胸腺未分化がんの子宮・骨転移に対する疼痛管理において, 骨転移に対してはオピオイドが有効だったが, 子宮収縮による内臓痛には無効であった. しかし, 子宮平滑筋への弛緩作用により塩酸リトドリンが著効した1例を経験したので報告する.

著者

角南 浩靖 曄道 佳明 森村 勉 足立 昌仁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集C編 (ISSN:18848354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.781, pp.3237-3252, 2011 (Released:2011-09-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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To minimize the risk of fatalities in the event of earthquakes, it is extremely important to prevent the derailed vehicle from deviating from the track as well as to prevent the vehicle from derailment. Authors have developed a post derailment stopper (hereinafter referred to as, “stopper”), which attaches to a bogie frame and prevents derailed vehicles from veering of the track. For the development of the stopper and evaluation of its efficacy, we conducted running tests under derailment conditions using real bogies and tracks. Based on the results of the running tests, we have developed a 15DOF vehicle dynamics model in order to discuss the motion of the bogie in the derailment condition. In this model, focusing on the analysis of the motion of the bogie and the stopper, vertical wheel displacements which were measured at the running tests are used as input data and non-linear characteristics observed at the running tests are considered. In this paper, we analyze the motion of the bogie and efficacy of the stopper with this model and the test results.

著者

曽根 公毅

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.282-284, 2012-07-01 (Released:2012-07-01)

著者

櫻井 清一

出版者

日本フードシステム学会

雑誌

フードシステム研究 (ISSN:13410296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.21-26, 2010-06-30 (Released:2011-08-04)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

著者

田中 秀和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.3, pp.93-98, 2012 (Released:2012-03-10)

参考文献数

29

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神経回路ができるとき,神経突起が標的細胞と接着することでシナプス結合が成立する.神経回路が成立したあとでも,シナプス形成過程の一部をくりかえすことで,シナプスの強化・抑圧やつなぎかえが起きる.我々は,これらの過程に接着分子カドヘリンが関与する可能性を検討してきた.研究を進める中で,カドヘリンが思いのほかダイナミックにシナプスの生理機能にかかわることがわかり,さらにその過程で新たなシグナル伝達経路も見いだされた.こうしてわかってきた事実は,神経回路のなりたちや可塑性に新たな視点を与えるばかりでなく,カドヘリンが神経伝達物質の放出機構や受容体の機能調節に深くかかわっている可能性も示唆している.またカドヘリン遺伝子の異常は,自閉症などの疾患感受性に関連しており,シナプスの接着・リモデリング関連分子は,新たな治療標的として薬理学への貢献が期待される.

著者

新井 良一 小林 弘

出版者

日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.1-6, 1973-06-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

25

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日本産ハゼ科魚類13種類の核型をコルヒチン処理した魚の鰐と消化管で観察した.体細胞の染色体数は2n=40, 2n=44, 2n=46, 2n=48の4型で, 各染色体の形態については, (1) すべての染色体がsubtelocentrics もしくはacrocentricsのものと, (2) metacentrics, submetacentricsおよびsubtelocentricsもしくはacrocentricsからなるものとが観察された.(1) のグループに属するものは, アシシロハゼAboma lactipes (Hilgendorf), 2n=40, マハゼAcanthogobius flayimanus (Temminck et Schlegel), 2n=44, ヨシノボリRhinogobius bruneus (Temmincket Schlegel), 2n=44, カワヨシノボリRhinogobiusflumineus (Mizuno), 2n=44, アゴノ・ゼChasmichthysdolichognathus (Hilgendorf), 2n=44, アベハゼMugilogobius abei (Jordan et Snyder), 2n=46, クモハゼBathygobius fuscus (Rüppell), 2n=48の7種類で, (2) のグループに属するハゼは, キヌバリPterogbius elapoides (Günther), 2n=44, ミミズハゼLuciogobius guttatus Gill, 2n=44, ヌマチチブTridentiger obscurus brevispinis Katsuyama, Aralet Nakamura, 2n=44, シマハゼTridentiger trigonocephalus (Gill), 2n=44, ウキゴリChaenogobiusannularis Gill, 2n=44, トビハゼPeriophthalmuscantonensis (Osbeck), 2n=46の6種類であった.