著者
加来 義浩
出版者
日本ウイルス学会
雑誌
ウイルス (ISSN:00426857)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.237-242, 2004 (Released:2005-06-17)
参考文献数
11

ニパウイルス (NiV) 感染症は, 1998年~99年にかけてマレーシア, シンガポールで初めて発生し, ヒトに致命的な急性脳炎, ブタに主に呼吸器感染症の流行をもたらした新興の人獣共通感染症である. 両国合わせて265名の感染者, 105名の死亡者 (致死率40%) が報告された他, ブタの大量殺処分によりマレーシアの養豚産業は壊滅的な打撃を受けた. 本ウイルスの自然宿主はオオコウモリであり, オオコウモリからブタに感染したウイルスが, その後ヒト, イヌ, ネコなどに伝播したと考えられている. 99年5月以降, 本症の発生報告はなかったが, 2004年になりバングラデシュで二度の流行が報告され, 合計で感染者は57名, 死者は43名 (致死率75%) を数えた. バングラデシュにおける流行にブタの関与は認められておらず, ニパウイルスがオオコウモリ→ヒトあるいはヒト→ヒトに直接伝播した可能性が指摘されている. 本稿では, マレー半島, バングラデシュ両地域における本症の流行を比較し, これまで明らかになっている疫学的背景と, 現在のウイルス学的研究の進展状況を紹介する.
著者
杉村 宗典 貝谷 和昭 吉谷 和泰 高橋 清香 柴田 正慶 橋本 武昌 吉田 秀人 花澤 康司 泉 知里 中川 義久
出版者
一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会
雑誌
心電図 (ISSN:02851660)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.11-18, 2012 (Released:2015-06-18)
参考文献数
9

症例は45歳,男性.平成20年,エプスタイン奇形に伴うB型WPW症候群に対してアブレーションを施行し,治療に成功した.以後,心電図にデルタ波を認めなかったが,アデノシン三リン酸(ATP)投与にて停止する左脚ブロック型の頻拍が再発し,平成21年5月再治療となった.電気生理学的検査(EPS)において370msec未満の連結期で心房期外刺激を加えると,His束電位の消失とともに頻拍時と一致する左脚ブロック型QRS波形が再現性をもって出現した.そこで三尖弁輪自由壁に多電極カテーテルを留置したところ,電気生理学的三尖弁輪10時方向において,心房波(A波)と心室波(V波)の間に先鋭な電位を認めた.マハイム線維の存在を疑い,この電位(M電位)について検討すべく再度心房プログラム刺激を行い,AH時間とAM時間を比較した.両者の減衰伝導特性は極めて近似しており,かつAM時間はAH時間より常に一定時間の延長を示し,HV時間は不変(45msec)であった.房室結節の不応期の時点でもM電位は記録され,長いAV時間の後に左脚ブロック型QRS波が追従した.誘発された持続性頻拍の逆行性心房最早期興奮部位はHis束記録部であり,電気生理学的検討により本頻拍は右側自由壁房室間に存在するマハイム線維を順行し,房室結節を逆行旋回路とする反方向性房室回帰性頻拍(antidromic AVRT)と診断した.マハイム電位を指標に通電し,頻拍の根治が得られた.マハイム線維の伝導時間が房室結節の伝導時間より常に長く,減衰性が房室結節とほぼ同等であるため,期外刺激にても連続的な心室早期興奮の顕在化がみられないまれな1例を経験したので報告する.
著者
高橋 斉 玉木 啓文 佐藤 宏樹 澤田 康文
出版者
Japanese Society of Drug Informatics
雑誌
医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.2, pp.43-49, 2017 (Released:2017-09-07)
参考文献数
6

Objective: Generic drugs similar in appearance to their brand-name counterparts have both advantages and disadvantages.  This study aimed to investigate patient preferences regarding the appearance of generic drugs.Design: A cross-sectional survey.Methods: We conducted a web-based survey between 2013 and 2014.  Patients aged ≥40 years who reported taking prescription drugs for >6 months were asked to provide their opinions on the appearance of generic drug formulations and press-through packages (PTPs).  Medical doctors and pharmacists were asked as to what type of appearance of generic drugs would be suitable as well as whether the appearance of these drugs and PTPs should be similar to that of their brand-name counterparts.Results: A total of 911 patients, 238 pharmacists, and 81 medical doctors responded to the survey.  Most of the patients (45.3%) surveyed reported that the similarity in the appearance of generic drug formulations and PTPs to those of their brand-name counterparts was not important, whereas only 15.6% of patients preferred generic drug formulations and PTPs similar in appearance to their brand-name counterparts.  In contrast, most of the medical doctors (53.1%) and pharmacists (88.2%) reported that the appearance of generic drug formulations and PTPs should be similar to that of their brand-name counterparts.Conclusion: Patients’ opinions on the appearance of generic drugs differ from what medical doctors and pharmacists perceive them to be.  Therefore, health care professionals should select generic drugs with an appearance as per the individual patient’s preference.
著者
佐藤 孝二 永井 弘光 甲斐 蔵
出版者
Japan Poultry Science Association
雑誌
日本家禽学会誌 (ISSN:00290254)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.2, pp.91-96, 1986-03-25 (Released:2008-11-12)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
3 3

白色プリマスロック種,高IgG系統と低IgG系統のヒナ間における血清IgGレベルの違いは,両系統の遭遇する免疫原の有無,多寡に基づくのではないかと考え,Ig産生に対する無菌飼育の影響を調べた。1.無菌ヒナは,通常ヒナに比べて,IgGレベルが著しく低下し,通常の1/5~1/10程度の値を示した。2.ゲル濾過法によりIgMを含む第1峰は,無菌ヒナでも通常ヒナと同程度かあるいは増加したが,IgGを含む第2峰は著しく減少した。3.しかしながら,無菌条件下でも,高系統は低系統よりもつねに高いIgGレベルを示した。成長に伴うIgGレベルの変動にも差があり,高系統は,5週齢まで上昇傾向を示したが,低系統は低下していった。4.粒子抗原(SRBC, Ba)に対する抗体産生は無菌ヒナも通常ヒナと同程度の反応を示したが,溶解性抗原(BSA)に対する抗体産生は低下した。無菌条件下でも,高系統は低系統よりも高い抗体産生を示した。5.免疫により,あるいは無菌ヒナの細菌汚染により,IgGレベルは急激に上昇し,通常のレベルにまで達した。6.以上の結果から,両系統におけるIgGレベルの差は,免疫的経験の差異によるのではなく,本質的な遺伝的要因の差に基づくと思われる。高系統は免疫原に対する反応性,感受性が高いと考えられ,遺伝的要因の関与について考察を加えた。7.腸内細菌叢の存在は,IgM産生からIgG産生への切り換えの要因として働くと考えられた。
著者
牟田 和恵
出版者
日本法社会学会
雑誌
法社会学 (ISSN:04376161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2016, no.82, pp.111-122, 2016 (Released:2021-05-05)

The history of sexual harassment issue in Japan poses an interesting case for examining how gender equality develops in law and the society as a whole. The concept and words “sexual harassment” suddenly became well known when the first sexual harassment case went to court in Fukuoka and the term ‘sekuhara’ was coined in 1989. The prevention of sexual harassment was legalized in 1997 as a part of Equal Employment Opportunity Act, eight years after its problematization in 1989. It was remarkably speedy if compared to other gender related legal issues in Japan. The paper argues that the prompt legalization was brought not for the sake of women’s right but for conservative moral standard. Besides, sexual harassment issue was considered peripheral, not main labor issue for companies. In spite that the sexual harassment legalization made crucial step for women’s right, such trivialization of the problem caused insufficient outcome: the public understanding of the problem remains superficial, which causes suffering for the victims even if they might win in court. Intertwined with stark and stiff labor market structure in Japan, when a woman leaves job owing to sexual harassment, she would inevitably become irregular and unstable worker and move downward in labor market. The paper explores the relationship of law and society through the development of sexual harassment.
著者
井黒 浩輔 今村 央
出版者
北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院
雑誌
北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:24353353)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.1, pp.27-32, 2023-08-04

Three specimens of the birdbeak burrfish Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch, 1785) and a single specimen of the pelagic porcupine fish Diodon eydouxii Brissout de Barneville, 1846, collected from Usujiri, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan represent the first records from Hokkaido and northernmost records of both species. Together with Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Diodon holocanthus (Linnaeus, 1758), diodontid species reported from Hokkaido. A single specimen, previously reported as a young individual of Ch. reticulatus, was reidentified as Cy. orbicularis.
著者
是枝 祐太 森下 皓文 今一 修 十河 泰弘
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第37回 (2023) (ISSN:27587347)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.4Xin108, 2023 (Released:2023-07-10)

プログラムコードの再利用はソフトウェア開発における基本的な生産性向上方法であるが,コードレポジトリの説明文 (readme) は整備コストが高く,しばしばreadmeが整備されないことがコードの再利用を妨げている.近年報告された研究は関数・クラスなど数十行のコードに具体性の高いコメントを付与するが, readmeの生成においては数万から数百万行のコードを抽象的に要約して生成を行う必要があるため,コメント生成技術をreadme生成の問題にそのまま適用することはできない.本研究では,レポジトリが実施することの概要を示す代表的なコード断片 (代表コード) をヒューリスティクスと弱教師付き学習により抽出することで,大規模言語モデルでreadmeを生成できることを示した.主観評価と自動評価により,提案手法の有効性を確認した.
著者
Kenji Suetsugu Tian-Chuan Hsu
出版者
The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics
雑誌
Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.3, pp.177-182, 2023-10-31 (Released:2023-11-04)

This is the first report of Taeniophyllum complanatum from Yakushima Island, Amami-Oshima Island, and Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The species is rare and was previously considered to be endemic to Taiwan. It is distinguishable from T. aphyllum by its strongly flattened roots, minutely papillate inflorescences and the shape of the fully developed fruit.
著者
星 博幸 山口 尚之 吉田 武義
出版者
一般社団法人 日本地質学会
雑誌
地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.129, no.1, pp.551-566, 2023-11-03 (Released:2023-11-03)
参考文献数
81

One of the tectonic features that characterizes the Miocene geology of Northeast Japan is crustal block rotation during and after the opening of the back-arc Sea of Japan. However, the spatial and temporal characteristics of this block rotation are not well understood. A better understanding of this block rotation would shed light on the Miocene tectonic evolution of Northeast Japan. We carried out geological mapping and geochronological and paleomagnetic analyses to determine the timing of block rotation on the southern margin of the Asahi Mountains, on the back-arc side of Northeast Japan. We present a geological map and chronostratigraphic model of the lower-middle Miocene strata and redefine two lower Miocene formations. K-Ar dates show that andesite dikes and sills were intruded at ~15 Ma. The crust beneath the study area was rotated counterclockwise relative to the Asian continent, although it was broken into blocks with varying degrees of rotation. In the eastern part of the study area, counterclockwise rotation of ~40°-50° relative to the continent occurred between 17.5 and 15 Ma. Rotation probably did not occur during the earlier development of intra-arc rift basins. The timing of the rotation overlaps with that of the formation of the Myozawa Syncline, which is a growth fold that formed during the deposition of shallow marine sediments during the latest early Miocene. Complex block rotation in a possible dextral transtensional regime in the Asahi Mountains was likely confined to a period of 2 Myr between 17 and 15 Ma. This block rotation probably occurred during the late stage of the opening of the back-arc Sea of Japan.
著者
長谷川 健 菊池 文太 柴田 翔平 井村 匠 伴 雅雄 常松 佳恵 山本 裕二 大場 司 鈴木 和馬 戸丸 淳晴 楠 稚枝 岡田 誠
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会
雑誌
火山 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.3, pp.189-196, 2023-09-30 (Released:2023-11-02)
参考文献数
22

Volcanic bomb is one of the most common eruption products around their source craters. Although paleomagnetic studies on volcanic bombs have a potential to provide high-resolution chronology of volcanic activity, particularly when compared with the known geomagnetic secular variation records, there are only a few such studies. In this contribution, we made an attempt to determine paleomagnetic directions from large (>1 m in diameter) volcanic bombs around “Tsubakuroswa craters”, located in Azuma volcano, for evaluating the potential use of volcanic bombs for paleomagnetic dating. Six oriented mini-cores were drilled from the central part of each large volcanic bomb, five in total, located on a gentle slope a few hundred meters south from the craters. All of the mini-cores were subjected to thermal demagnetization analysis, giving a well-determined characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) direction for each bomb as follows: site mean declination (Dm) of 350.6‒358.0º and inclination (Im) of 48.9‒50.8º with a 95 percent confidence limit (α95) smaller than 2.4º. The ChRM directions were consistent among the bombs, supporting the availability of volcanic bombs for further paleomagnetic dating research. Referring the geomagnetic secular variation record in this area, an all-site mean ChRM direction from the five bombs (Dec=355.5º, Inc=50.1º, α95=1.9º) most likely accounts for the derivation of the volcanic bombs by the Meiji Era (1893 CE) eruption. Historic pictures and descriptions are consistent with and support this interpretation. Previous reports suggested that the Meiji Era eruption did not eject magmatic materials and that the last magmatic eruption of this volcano was probably in 1331 CE. However, our results suggest that magmatic eruptions might have occurred here only ca. 130 years ago and may be largely affecting the current activity of this crater area. Our study suggests that volcanic bombs are potentially useful materials for paleomagnetic studies such as dating and establishing geomagnetic secular variation records.
著者
及川 輝樹 池上 郁彦 渡部 将太
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会
雑誌
火山 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.3, pp.171-187, 2023-09-30 (Released:2023-11-02)
参考文献数
73

Submarine volcanic eruptions produce a large amount of drifting pumice around the globe at a frequency of once every several to ten years. However, there is little knowledge about what kind of eruptions produce them. Document records of large amounts of pumice washed ashore in the Nansei Islands in southwest Japan are summarized in this article, along with an assessment of their source volcanoes and eruption frequency and style. A large amount of drifting pumice has washed ashore on the Nansei Islands eight times (1778 or 1779, 1905, 1914, 1915, 1924, 1934, 1986, 2021) since the 18th century, seven of which were after the 20th century, at a frequency of several times every 100 years. This frequency is not remarkably low compared to other natural hazard events. The eruptions that provided the source of these drifting pumice were the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba 1904‒1905 and 1914 eruptions, the Myojin-Shou 1915 eruption, Submarine Volcano NNE of Iriomotejima 1924 eruption, the Showa Iwo-jima 1934 eruption and the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba 1986 and 2021 eruptions. In the 8 recorded volcanic eruptions, including the uncertain ones, 6 were due to submarine volcanic eruptions in the southern part of the Izu-Bonin Arc. It took 2 to 6 months (mostly 2 to 4 months) for drifting pumice to reach the shores of the Nansei Islands from the Izu-Bonin Arc. The eruption styles that generated a large amount of drifting pumice can be divided into three cases. (1) An eruption that ejects a large amount of pumice from the seafloor to the sea surface and causes a steam-based volcanic plume to rise at the center of the eruption. They often occur from vents with seafloor depths of several hundred meters (Submarine Volcano NNE of Iriomotejima 1924 and Showa Iwo-jima 1934), but they also occur in shallower waters (Myojin-Shou 1915). (2) An eruption that occurs in shallow water (<50 m), with repetitive Surtseyan eruption activity that forms islands composed of large amounts of pyroclastic material, while at the same time producing large amounts of drifting pumice (Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba 1904‒1905, 1914 and 1986). (3) An eruption that occurs in shallow water (<50 m) and produces a volcanic plume reaching the stratosphere. This style of eruption forms an island and generates a large amount of pyroclastic material, including drifting pumice (Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba 2021).