著者

西岡 加名恵 NISHIOKA Kanae

出版者

名古屋大学高等研究教育センター

雑誌

名古屋高等教育研究 (ISSN:13482459)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.197-217, 2017-03

---

本稿の目的は、2020年に向けた高大接続改革(以下、2020年改革)の動向について、特に大学入試において用いられる評価方法という視点から検討することである。「質的転換答申」以降の政策論議においては、「資質・能力」を育成するために、大学入試において「多元的な評価」の導入が推奨された。現在の一般入試においては、大学入試センター試験と個別入試を併用する割合が低くなり、また試験科目が2科目以下になっている例も多数にのぼる。AO・推薦入試については学力不問と揶揄される状況が見られる。そうした中、2020年改革で導入される「大学入学希望者学力テスト(仮称)」では、短答式・条件付き記述式などの問題を取り入れることにより、大学入試センター試験よりも幅広い学力を評価対象とすることが期待されている。また、ポートフォリオや課題・口頭試問を導入した京都大学教育学部の特色入試は、受験生の幅広い学習履歴や論理的・批判的思考力などを評価対象とするものとなっている。しかしながら、2020年改革は、各教科で取り組まれるパフォーマンス課題を大学入試に取り入れるという構想は示されていないという点では限界が見られる。This paper aims to examine the 2020 reform of the articulationbetween high schools and universities in Japan, focusing on theassessment methods used in university entrance examinations. Policydiscussions following the Report on Qualitative Change promotedmulti-dimensional assessment in university entrance examinations inorder to develop competencies and abilities.The number of universities that use both the National Center Testsand the second round of tests given independently by each universityfor general entrance examinations have both declined. There aremany universities that demand that candidates take no more than twosubjects for examination. Admission office (AO) entranceexaminations, or examinations for candidates recommended byhigh-school principals, are recognized to be inadequate measures ofexamining academic achievements.Against this backdrop, the University Candidate Academic Achievement Tests (provisional name) to be introduced in the 2020 reform are expected to evaluate wider achievements than the presentNational Center Tests through their use of problems such asshort-answer questions and conditional descriptive questions. Theunique entrance examination of the Faculty of Education, KyotoUniversity, examines a wider learning history and logical/criticalthinking of candidates by using a portfolio, tasks, and oralexamination.The 2020 reform, however, has a limitation in that it has notproduced a plan to incorporate performance tasks that are in theprocess of being introduced in various subjects for the universityentrance examination.

著者

志野 文音 丸井 淳史 亀川 徹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本音響学会

雑誌

日本音響学会誌 (ISSN:03694232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.1, pp.6-9, 2019-12-25 (Released:2019-07-01)

参考文献数

9

著者

小野 尚志

出版者

帝京大学文学部国文学科

雑誌

帝京大学文学部紀要 国語国文学 (ISSN:03866815)

巻号頁・発行日

no.29, pp.3-17, 1998-01

著者

千丈 雅徳 佐藤 友香 中島 公博 坂岡 ウメ子 林 裕 田中 稜一

出版者

医学書院

雑誌

精神医学 (ISSN:04881281)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.10, pp.1061-1068, 2002-10-15

---

【抄録】 解離性同一性障害患者の主人格および交代人格に風景構成法とPCエゴグラムを施行し,人格の成長・変化を認めるとともに寛解に至った1例を報告した。失恋を契機にαが出現し,αが成長して全体をまとめるδとなった。また,陰性感情は持続していくつかの交代人格が所有したが,最終的には主人格も陰性感情を引き受けることでまとまるに至った。すなわち,交代人格には固定化した感情状態を持続する者と,そうでなく成長する者が存在することが示唆された。また,名を持たぬ不気味な存在に名を付与することで具体的な対応が可能となり治療的に大きな転機となった。風景構成法およびPCエゴグラムは人格特性を簡便に把握し,人格の推移を知る有効な手段であることが示された。

著者

吉村 伸一

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木史研究 (ISSN:09167293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.469-474, 1997-06-05 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

12

---

肥後の石工・岩永三五郎が建造した甲突川の5大石橋 (1845-49年築) は、1993年8月6日の豪雨 (以下「8・6水害」) によって、武之橋と新上橋の2橋が流出。鹿児島県は、河川改修の支障になるとして、残った3橋 (玉江橋, 高麗橋, 西田橋) の「解体移設」を決め、5大石橋はついに甲突川から姿を消した。筆者は、甲突川の石橋群を治水システムとして評価することを提起したい。5大石橋を治水システムとしてとらえたならば、甲突川の治水戦略も違ったものになったであろうし、江戸期最大級の石橋群を現地に生きて保存する道が選択されたであろう

著者

山崎 真巳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.7, pp.671-673, 2019 (Released:2019-07-01)

参考文献数

8

---

最近急速に進んだゲノム科学技術の発展により、植物における有用アルカロイド生合成についても、その特異な物質代謝がどのように進化してきたかに関するゲノムレベルでの解明が進んでいる。筆者らが明らかにしてきたアルカロイド生産の方向決定ステップを触媒する酵素の分子進化、ならびに毒性アルカロイドを生産する植物の自己耐性の分子進化について紹介し、今後の新しい生合成のデザインを目指した展開について説明する。

著者

中村 大介 ナカムラ ダイスケ Daisuke Nakamura

雑誌

雲雀野 = The lark hill

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.1-12, 2015-03-31

著者

田中 美吏 柄木田 健太

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-1803, (Released:2019-02-06)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Wegner (1987) demonstrated that thoughts about white bears are facilitated by instructions not to think about white bears. This phenomenon is widely known as the ironic process theory, and it applies to cognitive tasks as well as motor tasks. Many studies have been conducted on ironic errors in the domain of motor performance. However, there are only a few old reviews providing a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. In this review of selected 17 articles, we classified these articles into experimental verification of ironic errors in motor performance, ironic errors when performing motor tasks under pressure, and mechanisms of ironic errors in motor performance in the viewpoints of attentional capacity and eye movement. We also reviewed articles reporting experimental verification of errors in the opposite direction (overcompensation), including the mechanisms of such errors. Finally, based on the results of the review, we have suggested the implications of ironic errors for future studies in sport psychology. This review is expected to provide a systematic understanding of applications of ironic processing theory in the domain of motor performance and contribute to future studies on this topic.

著者

Daisuke Koga Tatsuo Ushiki

出版者

International Society of Histology and Cytology

雑誌

Archives of Histology and Cytology (ISSN:09149465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.5, pp.357-374, 2006 (Released:2007-03-12)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

20 34

---

The three-dimensional ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus in different cells of the rat - epithelial principal cells in the epididymal duct, goblet cells in the jejunum, gonadotrophs in the pituitary gland and dorsal root ganglion cells - was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of osmium-macerated tissues. The Golgi apparatus in the epididymal principal cells took the shape of a candle flame with irregular-shaped cisterns, while those in the goblet cells of the jejunum were cup-shaped or cylindrical with flat cisterns. Gonadotrophs had a large spherical Golgi apparatus; this apparatus was composed of several concentric cisterns with large round windows through which the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and mitochondria extended into the center of the globular Golgi apparatus. Dorsal root ganglion cells had several small Golgi stacks scattered in the cytoplasm. In all Golgi apparatuses of the different cells examined in the present study, the cis-most cistern was generally composed of a flattened sheet with numerous small fenestrations on its wall. On the other hand, the shape of the trans-most cistern varied by cell type; it was generally composed of tubules and/or small sheets which were sometimes connected with each other to form a rather complicated structure. The cis-most cistern and the trans-most cistern were often closely associated with the rER although no direct communication was found between them. These findings indicate that the structure of the Golgi apparatus, especially its overall shape and the ultrastructure of the trans-most cistern, varies by cell type, a point to be considered in relation to the function of the individual cells.

著者

Chiaki Kobayashi Ichiro Ishikawa

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15A, pp.31-36, 2019 (Released:2019-07-03)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

7

---

During summer 2018, zonally averaged tropospheric temperatures were higher than normal in the northern mid-latitudes, and this contributed to the extreme warmth experienced in eastern and western Japan. These northern-mid-latitudes warm anomalies, along with enhanced convective activity in the northern subtropics, persisted from autumn 2017 until autumn 2018. This paper demonstrates that both the persistent zonal pattern, and the circulation anomaly pattern, that developed during summer 2018 are well predicted by a reforecast experiment using an operational seasonal prediction system. As variation in zonally averaged convective activity in the northern subtropics is statistically closely related to northern-mid-latitude tropospheric warming in all seasons, we hypothesize that the former is likely to be a key influence on the latter. We found a weakening of northern-mid-latitude tropospheric warming in a sensitivity experiment in which tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are nudged to the climatology and enhancement of convective activity in the northern tropics is weakened. These results suggest that SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific, which are well predicted by our reforecast experiment, contribute to the successful prediction of northern-mid-latitude tropospheric warming.

著者

林田 奈々 田中 文也 瀬能 宏 岩槻 幸雄

出版者

日本動物分類学会

雑誌

タクサ:日本動物分類学会誌 (ISSN:13422367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.13-16, 2012-08-20 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

10

---

A single specimen of a lutjanid fish, Lutjanus johnii (445mm in standard length), was collected from the Kuro-shima Island, Nichinan, Miyazaki, Kyushu Island, Japan. The species is distinguished from other members of the genus by the following combination of characters: a black ocellus larger than eye mainly above lateral line and below anterior soft dorsal-fin rays; longitudinal scale rows on back parallel to lateral line; a brownish dark spot on exposed area of each scale on body. This occurrence represents both the first record from the Japanese waters and the northernmost record on the basis of specimen. Morphological features and coloration of the Japanese specimen are described in detail, and the standard Japanese name, Kadogawa-fuedai is given.

著者

永滝 稔

出版者

明治学院大学国際平和研究所

雑誌

PRIME = プライム (ISSN:13404245)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.94-102, 2019-03-31

---

論評・エッセイ/Essays

著者

三島 眞代

雑誌

東京医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00408905)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.5, pp.552-565, 2004-09-25

著者

髙田 久実子 蛯子 慶三 木村 容子 伊藤 隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本東洋医学会

雑誌

日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.191-194, 2016 (Released:2016-08-18)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 2

---

近年,日本ではインターネット販売により,鍼灸師や医師以外の者が医家向けの管理医療機器を安易に購入し購入使用するケースも少なくない。プラスチックとシールが一体になった円皮鍼(以下パイオネックス®)は操作性がよく,これまでの報告では有害事象もテープによる皮膚炎程度で安全性が比較的高く広く普及している。今回,患者が貼付していたパイオネックス®を剥離した際にプラスチック部が破損し鍼先が身体に挿入されたままになり,伏鍼などの事故につながる可能性のあった事例を経験した。患者は自己判断で購入し長期間保管して使用期限を10ヵ月過ぎたパイオネックス®を約3週間貼付していた。プラスチックは性質上劣化をおこすものであり紫外線や水,衝撃などでも破損することがある。使用期限を守ることはもちろん,貼付期間が長くなると劣化が進む可能性があり,使用上の注意喚起が改めて必要と考え急ぎ報告する。

著者

方 暁 小野 廣紀 久保田 朱里 井上 吉教 浦部 貴美子 灘本 知憲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.12, pp.775-781, 2010-12-15 (Released:2013-07-16)

参考文献数

14

---

The deodorizing activity against methanethiol (CH3SH) of compounds from Houttuynia cordata Thunb, “dokudami" in Japanese, were identified. The main deodorizing compound was isolated from the methanol extract of the dried aerial parts of H. cordata as caffeic acid. This is the first report to identify caffeic acid as the deodorant against CH3SH in H. cordata, although caffeic acid is an established compound. The reaction products of caffeic acid and CH3SNa were chromatographed, and three peaks were separated as the conjugates. Their structures were determined by MS and NMR methods to be those of 2-methylthiocaffeic acid, 5-methylthiocaffeic acid and 2, 5-dimethylthiocaffeic acid.

著者

内山 成人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.7, pp.356-363, 2015-07-15 (Released:2015-09-01)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1 5

---

S-equol is a major intestinally-derived bacterial metabolite of daidzein, one of the principal isoflavones found in soybeans and most soy foods. S-equol has a similar structure to estrogen, and binds to estrogen receptors to exhibit estrogenic activity. S-equol has been shown to bind to estrogen receptors (ER) α and β and to effectively activate both receptors, although with greater transactivation of ERβ. It has been proposed that the ability to make S-equol when soy is consumed may be an important factor in determining the clinical efficacy of a soy diet, the so-called “equol hypothesis”. Equol has many beneficial effects on menopausal women. However, equol production depends on the individual’s intestinal flora; and research has shown that only 30 to 50% of individuals in the populations studied are capable of producing equol from daidzein. A lactic acid bacterium, Lactococcus garvieae (Lactococcus 20-92 strain), with equol-producing capabilities was identified and isolated from human feces. Recently, we standardized the production of an S-equol supplement (SE5-OH) using this strain. Reports suggest that the S-equol supplement contributes positively to menopausal symptoms, bone health, metabolic syndrome and skin aging. In this paper, we introduce new insights into equol or SE5-OH based on epidemiological and clinical study.

著者

藤井 雄太 児玉 豊

出版者

一般社団法人 植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.48-51, 2016 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

25

---

Protein-protein interaction plays a fundamental role to maintain biological process. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay is an imaging technique to visualize protein-protein interaction in living cells. BiFC assay is based on structural complementation between two non-fluorescent N-terminal and C-terminal fragments derived from a fluorescent protein. Over the past decade, BiFC assay has been widely used in plant science fields, due to its technical simplicity. However, designing appropriate control experiment is quite important for BiFC assay, because non-specific self-assembly of the non-fluorescent fragments induces background fluorescence, which may lead to misinterpretation of BiFC results. In this technical note, we describe information regarding fluorescent protein and BiFC assay in plants, and introduce “BiFC competition assay” as a control experiment.

著者

三石 誠司

出版者

日本フードシステム学会

雑誌

フードシステム研究 (ISSN:13410296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.372-385, 2014 (Released:2014-05-09)

参考文献数

21

---

This paper intends to analyze and re-examine the actual effectiveness, types of necessary activities, and impact of export restrictions of grains and oilseeds, which arise as a result of political and economic decision-making. The analyzed data are official reports prepared by the U.S. International Trade Commission, the General Accounting Office (GAO), and the investigation report of the Congressional Research Service of the United States. All these reports cover five export restrictions during the period of 1973 to 1980.What is understood from these reports is to enforce export restriction required excessive time, labor, and financial costs, and made losing the credibility as a stable supplier of the international grain market as well as giving advantages to other competitors such as Brazil, Argentina, and Canada. These are all well-known facts to date. Based on these experiences, the United States has not issued export restrictions for grains and oilseeds for the past three decades even during the grain crisis in 2008. There are some findings, however, about who actually suffered damages from the embargoes among farmers, exporters, and the governments. The paper also classifies the basic merits and demerits of export restrictions in different levels of stakeholders.

著者

国民図書株式会社 編

出版者

国民図書

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第24巻 (川柳狂歌集), 1928

著者

高村 悦子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.6, pp.613-619, 2009-06-30 (Released:2017-02-10)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1