著者

紙野 圭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.11, pp.724-732, 2004-11-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

著者

長谷川 万純

出版者

日本微生物生態学会

雑誌

日本微生物生態学会誌 (ISSN:24241989)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.77-78, 2021-09-01 (Released:2021-09-15)

著者

山根 聡

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.1-17, 2015-07-31 (Released:2015-08-11)

参考文献数

44

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This article discusses how Pakistani society has clearly distanced itself from terrorism. On 6th January 2015, the 21st Amendment Bill passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan has officially changed the constitutional definition of “Muslim terrorist(s)” into “terrorist(s) using the name of religion”. Pakistan has been called a hub of terrorists ever since several active terrorist groups are known to be based in Pakistan – such as the Sunni extremists Tahrik-e Taliban Pakistan (Pakistan Taliban Movement, TTP) or Sipah-e Sahaba Pakistan (SSP). Some of these groups are said to be supported by the Pakistani military and claim they will establish an Islamic order in society. However, Pakistani society itself has been suffering from terror and has been mobilized in the war on terror. This paper shows the transformation of Pakistani society concerning the concept of “Islamic-ness”.
Pakistan has been a frontline state in conflicts such as, the anti-Soviet war in Afghanistan in the 1980s, or the war on terror after 9/11. During the anti-Soviet war, Pakistan received huge financial and military assistance from both Western and Islamic countries. The Western countries supported Pakistan in the Cold War proxy war against the USSR, and Islamic countries provided assistance in the name of jihad against the Communists. In the 1980s, Muhammad Zia ul-Haq’s military regime promoted Islamization of society, a process which was never criticized by the international community which needed the Pakistani military regime’s cooperation in the war.
Needless to say, Islam is the national religion of Pakistan and 95% of the total population of Pakistan belongs to Islam. Although the peoples of Pakistan may have different religious practices in their everyday life, all of them are attached to a firmly based monotheistic faith, and regard Muhammad as the last Prophet. However, there has generally been widespread reluctance to criticize Islamization or even Islamic extremists who kill in the name of religion. Also, terrorists often expressed their disapproval of the Pakistani government as not being “Islamic” or being a “puppet of the US”. As a result, Pakistani society has often been confused concerning the “Islamic-ness” of its own governments. This may be one of the reasons why there was not much criticism of the extremists even if they killed in the name of Allah.
Since the tragic attack on a Peshawar school in December 2014, Pakistani society has evolved radically on that issue. Even Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, who originally supported the idea of negotiating with the terrorists, has now approved an amendment to the Constitution establishing special military courts which are to be active for a two-year period only and designed to be rapidly dealing with crimes related to terrorism. The amendment states that Pakistan is willing to permanently wipe out and eradicate terrorism from the country. This decision shows not only the firm intention of the government on its war on terror, but also the decisive break with the terrorists who monopolize the cause of religion in Pakistani society. For Pakistan, it could be said that the consequence of voting such an amendment represents the greatest social transformation ever experimented since the Islamization of the 1980s.

著者

乾 康代 齊藤 充弘 中田 潤

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.1062-1069, 2016-10-25 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

18

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わが国で今後増える原発立地地域における廃炉後の地域再生の課題を明らかにするために,ドイツのグライフスヴァルト原発の廃炉会社EWN社と地元自治体の地域再生の取り組みの成果をまとめた。1)利用できる原発施設と跡地は出来るだけ利用することを目標に,地元3自治体はEWN社と共同で,跡地の地区詳細計画を策定した。2)この計画に沿い,地元自治体は工業港を建設,跡地の一部を工場団地にし企業誘致をしている。3)原子炉解体と再利用整備,放射性廃棄物中間貯蔵施設,インフラ整備は,州政府,連邦政府およびEUの支援と財政措置によって実現された。4)一方で,敷地内の中間貯蔵施設では他原発の廃棄物受け入れがすすみ,地域の将来に不安の波紋を投げかける施設となっている。わが国を振り返ると,東海村の将来計画には,跡地利用計画と廃棄物貯蔵をどう位置づけるのかの記述はない。計画にこれらをどう位置づけるのか議論の積み重ねが求められる。

著者

木村 優

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.184-185, 1998-03-20 (Released:2017-07-11)

参考文献数

1

著者

今里 悟之

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.433-456, 1999-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

183

被引用文献数

1

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Over the last few decades, theories of the spatial structure of Japanese villages have been the subject of controversy in human geography, folklore, cultural anthropology, history and architecture. The author identifies an important unresolved question concerning these theories. Although many scholars have profoundly discussed each of the categories of space such as land use zones, folk-taxonomy, 'place', social space, and symbolic space, the interrelationships among these categories and the synthesis of them have not been sufficiently examined.With this in mind, this article discusses each of the categories of space for a case study area, an agricultural and forestry village-Hagikura-in Central Japan, to reveal the interrelationships among all spatial categories by introducing a semiotic theory. The author examines the historical changes of space since the mid-Edo era, when Hagikura was settled. To pursue these aims, various methods and materials are used: interviews, landscape observation, participant observation, the analysis of land ledgers, cadastral maps, tax ledgers, local topographies, historical documents and geographical statistics.Hagikura was a shinden settlement which stands on a river terrace near Lake Suwa in Nagano Prefecture, and is now a mixed-settlement in which newcomers from Shimosuwa Town have settled since the era of rapid growth in the Japanese economy. The subsistence farming economy of Hagikura is based on paddy, mulberry and vegetables, sericulture and forestry. In addition, people have been engaged in filature in the Meiji era, agar production in the Taisyo era and dairy farming and flower cultivation in the 1960s. Recently, almost all farmers have become factory or office workers, commuting to the towns along Lake Suwa.The findings of this article can be summarised as follows. The folk-taxonomy of space, which is deduced by an investigation of place names and folk categories of landscape, is composed of five levels: land use zone, subdivision of the zone, koaza (small place name), block name, and strip name. In the residential area, there is another classification system of social space composed of four levels: dual organization, mutual aid organization for funerals, neighborhood group, and household. In each land use zone, the shrine which guards the people working in each zone is located showing the center of meaning. As the center of the total area, the shrine of the settlement is located at the cardinal point of two axes of folk orientations which structure the village territory in concentric circles. These orientations are prescribed by the zofu-tokusui topography of fung-shui tought, whose rear is a hill and front is a river. This spatial structure with these land use zones and folk orientations is found similarly in homesteads and fields owned by each household. The boundaries of each land use zone and village social space are demarcated by objects such as stone statues and isolated trees, and through varied ritual behaviors. The social space of the village community which corresponds to the village territory is divided into nested boxes according to the social group system. All of the boundaries of the village are folk, social, mental, or symbolical, and the outer boundary of the forestry zone is, at the same time, a geographical or administrative one.The social structure of the village social space is composed of three groups-'natives', oldcomers and newcomers. The natives who settled in the Edo era and consist of nine kinship groups were former landowners or independent farmers. The oldcomers who settled in the Meiji era as filature or farming workers were tenants of native landowners in the Taisyo and early Showa eras. The newcomers are factory or office workers who have settled in new housing estates since the rapid growth of the Japanese economy. The main native families occupied the cultivated fields near the residential area.

著者

Yuichiro Sasamoto Noriko Endo Kohko Kanazawa Taeko Utsumi Tomomi Takahashi Yosuke Endo Makoto Nanba Hiroto Takeda Tomohiro Takano Koki Takahashi Masahiro Tanji Masahiro Kohzuki

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-20-0970, (Released:2021-02-04)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

5

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Background:This study investigated the effect of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR) and physical activity on the estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum cystatin C (eGFRcys) in patients with heart disease (HD) aged ≥75 years.Methods and Results:This non-randomized prospective intervention study involved 136 patients (non-OCR group, n=66; OCR group, n=70), 55 of whom were aged ≥75 years (non-OCR group, n=29; OCR group, n=26). Renal function (eGFRcys) was evaluated at discharge and 3 months thereafter. A linear mixed model (LMM) was used to assess changes in renal function over time. The hospital readmission rate within 3 months after discharge was also evaluated. LMM analysis showed that the change in eGFRcys was −2.27 and +0.48 mL/min/1.73 m2in the non-OCR and OCR groups, respectively (F=2.960, P=0.022). Further, among patients aged ≥75 years in the non-OCR and OCR groups, the change in eGFRcys was −3.83 and −1.08 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively (F=2.719, P=0.039). The proportion of patients aged ≥75 years who were rehospitalized due to exacerbation of HD was 16.9% (n=10) and 6.7% (n=2) in the non-OCR and OCR groups, respectively.Conclusions:Among patients with HD aged ≥75 years, participation in OCR reduces the decline in renal function and hospital readmission rates.

著者

松岡 裕之 緒方 規男

出版者

The Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.203-207, 2013-12-25 (Released:2014-06-25)

参考文献数

18

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マウスを麻酔して2群に分け,一群には二酸化塩素のスプレーを他の一群には水のスプレーを噴霧したのち,マラリア感染蚊自由に吸血させた.二酸化塩素をスプレーしたマウスに対しては101匹の蚊のうち6匹が吸血した (5.9%) だけで、マウスの感染は13頭中1頭のみ (7.7%) であった.水をスプレーしたマウスに対しては蚊88匹のうち42匹が吸血し (47.7%), マラリア感染は11頭中6頭 (54.5%) であった.二酸化塩素スプレー群は有意差をもって吸血率 (p<0.01)・マラリア感染率 (p<0.05) の低下が見られた.次に両端をメッシュで覆ったチューブの中に蚊を入れ,チューブの片方は空気のみを含むケージに,反対側は二酸化塩素を含むケージに差し込んで,蚊がどちらの側に偏在するか調べた.Anopheles stephensi, Aedes albopictusおよびCulex pipiens pallensの3種蚊とも0.03 ppm以上の二酸化塩素濃度において反対側(空気側)に偏在した.二酸化塩素は蚊に対する忌避作用があるといえた.

著者

Seitarô SUZUKI

出版者

THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN , The Mathematical Society of Japan

雑誌

Nippon Sugaku-Buturigakkwai Kizi Dai 3 Ki (ISSN:03701239)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.7, pp.166-169, 1928 (Released:2009-06-09)

著者

中村 好一 板井 美浩 牧野 伸子 佐藤 正章 長嶋 茂雄 石川 由紀子 黒岩 憲二 笹原 鉄平 野田 泰子 松村 正巳 石川 鎮清 小川 真規 山邉 昭則 淺田 義和

出版者

日本医学教育学会

雑誌

医学教育 (ISSN:03869644)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.306-307, 2020-06-25 (Released:2020-07-15)

著者

三浦 麻子 鳥海 不二夫 小森 政嗣 松村 真宏 平石 界

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.NFC-A_1-9, 2016-01-06 (Released:2016-01-08)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

8

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In this article, we investigate “retweeting in Twitter” or information transfer behavior in social media to figure out some characteristics of our information processing behavior in emergency situation from social psychological perspective. We made an exploratory log analysis of Twitter focusing on the relationship between diffusion of disaster information and user's emotional response on them. Disaster-related tweets which were retweeted over 10 times around the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake were extracted and emotional words in them were categorized and counted. Frequently retweeted tweets tended to include more negative (anxious or angry) or active emotional words than positive or inactive words. As results of multiple and quantile regression analyses, negative (especially anxious) or active emotional words in tweets had a significant effect on the increase of retweeting regardless of a kind of disasters. The results were discussed in terms of the difference with those based on common tweets.

著者

木村 年晶 鈴木 直人

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.43-50, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we aimed to create a list of stimulus words suitable for evoking emotions that are placed evenly in the emotional space. College students (n=38) were invited into the laboratory and presented with two-character (Kanji) idioms, which were controlled for the number of characters and moras. We asked the students to evaluate the emotional valence and arousal level on an affect grid for each of the two-character idioms. We succeeded in creating a list of emotional words that minimize the interdependent influences of emotional valence and arousal factor as much as possible. A total of 271 two-character idioms were constituted using an evaluation that focused on the evoked emotions, and not on the attributions of the words’ meanings. Therefore, the inventory has adequate validity as a list of emotional words to be used for experiments.

著者

五十嵐 泰正

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.129-135, 2019-10-25 (Released:2019-10-24)

参考文献数

16

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For examining the remaining reduction of demand and price slump in some farm and marine products of Fukushima prefecture after 7 years of the nuclear disaster, it is necessary to articulate the interrelated three aspects of (risk) judgements made by the market, society, and individuals. After clarifying the aspect of the market where the efficacy of scientific risk judgement is limited, this study will discuss the relationship between social and individual risk tradeoff concerning food from Fukushima, and point out the importance of socially respect for self-determination in reference to the Norwegian case.

著者

飯田 隆

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.135-141, 1991-12-25 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

11

著者

伊尾木 将之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.12, pp.800-808, 2020 (Released:2020-12-19)

参考文献数

12

著者

田原 淳子

出版者

日本スポーツとジェンダー学会

雑誌

スポーツとジェンダー研究 (ISSN:13482157)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.202-215, 2015 (Released:2017-04-14)

参考文献数

6

著者

久保 龜太郎

出版者

日本細菌学会

雑誌

実験医学雑誌 (ISSN:18836976)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.516-520, 1918-12-22 (Released:2011-06-17)

著者

杉本 英彦

出版者

パワーエレクトロニクス学会

雑誌

パワーエレクトロニクス学会誌 (ISSN:13488538)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.146-156, 2013-03-31 (Released:2015-04-20)

著者

山中 正実 片山 敦司 森光 由樹 澤田 誠吾 釣賀 一二三

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.289-313, 2015 (Released:2016-01-28)

著者

佐藤 邦忠 三宅 勝 菅原 正善 武山 友彦 大橋 昭市 岩間 長夫 岩野 信也 七海 清志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本畜産学会

雑誌

日本畜産学会報 (ISSN:1346907X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.8, pp.447-450, 1973-08-25 (Released:2008-03-10)

参考文献数

4

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種雄馬を効率的に利用するには精液性状の適確な判定と,一年を通じて精液を採取(以下採精と略記)することが重要である.今回非繁殖期に種雄馬より採精する機会を得たのでその結果について統計学的分析を試みた.材料は十勝管内で種雄馬として供用中のブルトン種2頭,ペルシュロン種1頭の計3頭,期間は1969年11月より1970年1月まで,採精頻度は1日1回,5日連続,2日禁欲の繰返しで行ない,延180回の射出精液を使用した.精液性状の各検査項目の平均値は精液量:62.5ml,pH値:6.8,精子活力:45.9%,精子濃度:2.1×108/ml,原形質滴付着精子の出現率(トロッペン率):15.4%,精子奇形率:27.8%および精子耐凍性:30.8%で,各検査項目中,重相関係数に有意性が認められたのは量,活力,濃度,トロッペン率,および頭部奇形率であった(p≤4.05).また精液性状の各検査項日中,2要因を選び,耐凍性を推定するための重回帰方程式として次式を求めた,Y=10.29+0.34X3+2.38X4;Y:耐凍性の推定値,X3:活力,X4:濃度