著者
森 修一 加藤 三郎 横山 秀夫 田中 梅吉 兼田 繁
出版者
日本ハンセン病学会
雑誌
日本ハンセン病学会雑誌 (ISSN:13423681)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.1, pp.27-44, 2003 (Released:2007-11-30)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1

本研究は戦前、日本に唯一存在したハンセン病患者の自由療養地である群馬県吾妻郡草津町湯の沢部落の社会科学的分析の中から、何がハンセン病患者の隔離の二つの側面である「迫害されている患者の社会の圧力からの保護」と「感染源である患者からの社会の防衛」のダイナミズムを後者への優位に導いていったのかを明らかにすることを目的とするものである。その過程は湯の沢部落の実態の解明(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究1、II」)、自由療養地議論の展開と消滅の過程の検証と湯の沢部落の関わり(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究III」)、湯の沢部落消滅後にその精神が日本の隔離政策に与えた影響(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究IV」)などの研究の総体である。本稿では湯の沢部落の歴史を描き、その変遷の過程における住民たちの努力、キリスト教者たちの活躍を描くと共に、国家によるハンセン病政策の変遷、特に明治期からの隔離政策と湯の沢の関係が密接である点を示した。またここに、逆境下でも人間はいかに生きようとするのか、何を望むのかを描き、自由療養地の価値をそこに示した。
著者
森 修一 加藤 三郎 横山 秀夫 田中 梅吉 兼田 繁
出版者
日本ハンセン病学会
雑誌
日本ハンセン病学会雑誌 (ISSN:13423681)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.1, pp.47-63, 2004 (Released:2007-11-30)
参考文献数
26

本研究は戦前、日本に唯一存在したハンセン病患者の自由療養地である群馬県吾妻郡草津町湯の沢部落の社会科学的分析の中から、何がハンセン病患者の隔離の二つの側面である「迫害されている患者の社会の圧力からの保護」と「感染源である患者からの社会の防衛」のダイナミズムを後者への優位に導いていったのかを明らかにすることを目的とするものである。その過程は湯の沢部落の実態の解明(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究I、II」)、自由療養地議論の展開と消滅の過程の検証と湯の沢部落の関わり(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究III」)、湯の沢部落消滅後にその精神が日本の隔離政策に与えた影響(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究IV」)などの研究の総体である。本稿では戦後、栗生楽泉園から始まる患者運動を通して、湯の沢で培われた精神は楽泉園内でも生き続け、患者運動の戦端を開き、「特別病室」を廃止、職員の不正を暴き、やがて多磨全生園と共闘し、「全国癩療養所患者協議会」を生み、絶対隔離政策と対峙する力を形成する様相を描いた。併せて、「特別病室」設置の背景、戦中を中心としての療養所内の混乱の様相とその要因を述べた。
著者
森 修一 加藤 三郎 横山 秀夫 田中 梅吉 兼田 繁
出版者
日本ハンセン病学会
雑誌
日本ハンセン病学会雑誌 (ISSN:13423681)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.1, pp.11-25, 2003 (Released:2007-11-30)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
2 1

本研究は戦前、日本に唯一存在したハンセン病患者の自由療養地である群馬県吾妻郡草津町湯の沢部落の社会科学的分析の中から、何がハンセン病患者の隔離の二つの側面である「迫害されている患者の社会の圧力からの保護」と「感染源である患者からの社会の防衛」のダイナミズムを後者への優位に導いていったのかを明らかにすることを目的とするものである。その過程は湯の沢部落の実態の解明(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究I、II」)、自由療養地議論の展開と消滅の過程の検証と湯の沢部落の関わり(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究III」)、湯の沢部落消滅後にその精神が日本の隔離政策に与えた影響(「草津湯の沢ハンセン病自由療養地の研究IV」)などの研究の総体である。本稿では湯の沢部落がどのようなコミュニティーであったのかを概説した。ここで見る湯の沢部落は、病者の集団というイメージではなく、一般人のコミュニティー以上に活気があり、自治のシステム、施設等が完備された先進的なコミュニティーであった。
著者
松井 亮太
出版者
一般社団法人 日本原子力学会
雑誌
日本原子力学会和文論文誌 (ISSN:13472879)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.3, pp.136-146, 2020 (Released:2020-08-20)
参考文献数
30

A deliberative poll (DP) is a new type of democratic process in which citizens selected at random from the voters are educated on and discuss given political issues, and then the results are reflected in policy. An example of this occured in 2012 when the Japanese government conducted a DP on nuclear power generation goals for 2030. As a result, support for abolishing nuclear power increased significantly. On the other hand, in 2017, the Korean government conducted a DP on the construction of the Shin-Gori nuclear reactors and on future nuclear policy. As a result, support for the continued construction of the reactors and phase out of nuclear power was strengthened. In Japan’s DP compared with that of Korea’s, Japan’s selected citizens were far less representative of the population, stakeholder’s involvement was nonexistent, and the government was much less committed.
著者
早川 雅巳
出版者
Brewing Society of Japan
雑誌
日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.104, no.9, pp.640-646, 2009 (Released:2016-02-10)
参考文献数
12

ウイスキー,ブランデーやワインなどの酒類と樽の関係については実用面,科学技術面から多数の知見が集積されてきている。これは,樽がこれらの酒類の品質にいかに大きな影響を及ぼすかを示すものと思われる。今回,樽の専門家である筆者に,樽材となる世界の主要なオークについて,その特性,酒類製造への利用の歴史,現状からオーク資源の今後にまでわたり詳細に解説していただいた。
著者
山下 淳 淺間 一 新井 民夫 太田 順 金子 透
出版者
日本ロボット学会
雑誌
日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.3, pp.282-292, 2003-04-15 (Released:2010-08-25)
参考文献数
98
被引用文献数
6 22

The wheeled robot's ability is one of the most important factors which is influential with efficiency of achieving tasks by robots. Demands for mobile robots change where environment and purpose does, therefore various mechanisms of mobile robots are proposed. However, there is no standard or general guideline of designing moving mechanisms. In this paper, we classify and denote characteristics of moving mechanisms systematically, and indicate the guideline when we design them. Especially we describe omnidirectional robots and irregular terrain robots.
著者
山崎 一麿 新井 英樹 川口 誠 塚田 一博
出版者
日本胆道学会
雑誌
胆道 (ISSN:09140077)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.2, pp.184-188, 2007-05-31 (Released:2012-11-13)
参考文献数
13

症例は76歳, 男性. 平成17年夏, 炎天下での山仕事からの帰宅後より, 四肢の脱力感及び歩行困難が出現.翌日,屋内で倒れているところを発見され救急車にて搬送された,熱中症による横紋筋融解症に合併した急性腎不全と診断され透析治療が開始されたが,その後右上腹部痛を認めるようになり入院第5病日に外科へ紹介された.腹部CT,MRI検査により,胆嚢内腔にガスと液体からなる鏡面像,胆嚢壁内と胆嚢周囲に拡がるガス像そして胆嚢周囲から右側傍結腸溝に及ぶ膿瘍が指摘された.以上より気腫性胆嚢炎の穿孔と診断し,同日胆嚢摘出術とドレナージ術を施行した.横紋筋融解症に合併した気腫性胆嚢炎の報告は過去になく,希な症例と考えられたので若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する.
著者
加我 宏之 田川 圭佑 武田 重昭 増田 昇
出版者
公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会
雑誌
都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.3, pp.375-380, 2013-10-25 (Released:2013-10-25)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1 1

本研究では、文献とヒアリング調査から昭和初期に開発された大美野住宅地における計画特性を明らかにし、現在まで受け継がれてきた景観資源を抽出した。写真投影法を通じて、生活者が捉えた大美野らしい景観を明らかにし、現在まで受け継がれてきた景観資源の風景的価値を探った。結果、カイヅカイブキの生垣が連続した景観、大美野会館や福富稲荷神社を背景に中央ロータリーと噴水を中心に捉えた景観は、大美野を代表する景観としての価値が高い。小学校の景や曲線道路の景、趣のある大規模戸建住宅の景、庭木のサクラの景も大美野をよく知る人、最近住み始めた人とともに風景的価値が高いことが明らかとなった。
著者
Sho Nishiguchi Nagisa Sugaya Kentaro Sakamaki Shunsaku Mizushima
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.54-61, 2017-02-28 (Released:2017-03-22)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
2 11

The end-of-life (EOL) care bonus introduced by the Japanese government works as a financial incentive and framework of quality preservation, including advance care planning, for EOL care among nursing home residents. This study aims to clarify the effects of the EOL care bonus in promoting EOL care in nursing homes. A longitudinal observational study using a questionnaire was conducted. We invited 378 nursing homes in Kanagawa prefecture in Japan, a region with a rapidly aging population, to participate in the study. The outcome was the number of residents dying in nursing homes from 2004 to 2014. In a linear mixed model, fixed-effect factors included year established, unit care, regional elderly population rate and hospital beds, adjacent affiliated hospital, full-time physician on site, physician's support during off-time, basic EOL care policy, usage of the EOL care bonus, EOL care conference, and staff experience of EOL care. A total of 237 nursing home facilities responded (62.7%). The linear mixed model showed that the availability of the EOL care bonus (coefficient 3.1, 95 % CI 0.67-5.51, p = 0.012) and years of usage of the EOL care bonus (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased numbers of residents dying in nursing homes. Our analysis revealed that the EOL care bonus has the potential to increase the number of residents receiving EOL care in nursing homes over several years. EOL care conferences, physician support for emergency care during off-time, and the presence of an adjacent affiliated hospital may also increase the number of residents receiving EOL care in nursing homes. These results suggest that a government financial incentive may contribute to effective EOL care among nursing home residents in other developed countries with rapidly aging populations.
著者
八手又 猛
出版者
一般社団法人 照明学会
雑誌
照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.9, pp.700-703, 1999-09-01 (Released:2011-07-19)
参考文献数
1
著者
安井 廣迪
出版者
The Japan Society for Oriental Medicine
雑誌
日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.5, pp.845-897, 2001-03-20 (Released:2010-03-12)
被引用文献数
1
著者
松本 佐保
出版者
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2013, no.173, pp.173_112-173_126, 2013-06-25 (Released:2015-06-09)
参考文献数
62

Cultural diplomacy and cultural propaganda have been discussed by some scholars of British diplomatic history, but it is not clear what degree of influence these activities had upon the mainstream of diplomacy. This article attempts to explore the importance of cultural diplomacy for Britain in the first half of the twentieth century, including the world wars, by looking at the cases of British policy towards Italy and the United States. It begins by looking at Sir James Rennell Rodd, the British ambassador to Italy between 1908 and1919, who used his cultural diplomacy in order to persuade Italy to join the Allied side during the First World War. He helped to create the British Institute in Florence, which in 1917 came under the Ministry of Information (MOI) as part of the British propaganda effort. Once the war ended the MOI was dissolved, partly because the Foreign Office disliked its aggressive propaganda activities towards foreign countries. However, when it became apparent that Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, which were more advanced in the field of political and cultural propaganda, were using cultural diplomacy to increase their influence in the world, the Foreign Office reluctantly had to organize some form of propaganda to counter their activities. This led to the establishment of the British Council in 1934, which was, in part, loosely modeled upon the British Institute in Florence. It attempted to concentrate upon purely cultural activities, but with another war approaching this line was breached and the Director, Lord Lloyd, increasingly used the Council for political propaganda and intelligence-gathering. The greatest challenge came in the United States where British propaganda had to avoid the excesses of the First World War and yet still promote Britain`s cause. In this environment the Council`s cultural propaganda became useful by emphasizing the common ethnic and cultural roots of the two countries. In addition, the Council proved useful in the post-war period as its activities could be used to promote democratic values and thus encourage other countries, such as Italy and Greece, to move away from both fascism and communism. This article therefore demonstrates the importance of cultural diplomacy and how it contributed to the mainstream of British diplomacy.
著者
木村 優里 小川 正賢
出版者
一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会
雑誌
科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.4, pp.324-334, 2018 (Released:2019-02-02)
参考文献数
7

The current study is one of the hypothesis verification studies of previous work (Kimura, 2017), in which a hypothetical model, explaining why amateur scientists could continue their scientific practices, was generated through a qualitative research method, the Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M-GTA). The present study examined common elements enabling Japanese amateur entomological scientists to continue their scientific practices in the hypothetical model, by using a quantitative research method. A total of 70 amateur entomological scientists voluntarily participated in a questionnaire survey, consisting of 3 attribute questions and 19 main questions, which identified a total of 21 essential elements (‘categories,’ ‘concepts,’ and ‘processes’) of the model. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively. The findings revealed that the 21 elements could be divided into three groups: Thirteen elements were shared among the Japanese amateur entomological scientists, whereas 5 elements were not, while the remaining 3 elements were in-between.
著者
遠藤 毅
出版者
Tokyo Geographical Society
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.116, no.5, pp.593-626, 2007-10-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
参考文献数
47
被引用文献数
2 4

The Tokyo Lowland situated in the eastern part of Tokyo Metropolis was composed of extensive paddy fields until the end of the Edo era in 1868, then became a major industrial area from the beginning of the Meiji era due to the industrialization project of the early Meiji Government. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the changes in the industrial area in the Lowland since the beginning of the Meiji era, and to investigate the recent use of former factory sites following the relocation and closing of factories since around 1960.In the early part of the Meiji era, the industrial area only occupied the western part of the Lowland, the estuary of the Sumida River, and the junction of the Shakujii River and the Sumida River, and the main factories belonged to the shipbuilding and military industries. Then, over the period of two major wars, Shino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and Russio-Japanese War (1904-1905), the industrial area continued to be enlarged. At the end of the Meiji era, in 1912, many factories were developed along canals throughout the Kohtoh Area. Furthermore, the industrial area was developed throughout the Lowland during the period straddling World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1941-1945).Although the industrial activity in the Lowland stopped for a several years from the end of the World War II in 1945, it started again with the outbreak of the Korean War, in 1950, and advanced remarkably mainly in the heavy and chemical sectors.However, this extreme industrial development brought to the Lowland the overpopulation and the public nuisances such as air-pollution, noise, and vibration from plants and manufacturing sites. To reduce these problems, the National Government and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government took such measurements as restricting the construction of new factories and strengthening regulations on the operations of factories. The regulations to prevent public nuisances were very costly to factory operators.As a result, the number of factories in the Lowland stopped increasing around 1960, and the number decreased rapidly from 1961 to 1975 because of relocation to other countries or ceasing manufacturing operations.Many former factory sites have been converted to other uses, mainly facilities for citizens such as condominiums, general residential areas, parking lots, schools, and parks. In particular, mainly at the sites of former metal industry, timber, and chemical industries, conversion to residential quarters has been remarkable. Among the new uses changed from former factory sites, the residential use occupies more than 50%.However, the change in land use from former factory sites to a residential quarter has brought problems throughout the Lowland area such the blocking of sunlight to existing houses due to the construction of housing complexes, and soil pollution caused by past industry activity. To reduce the problem of the blocking of sunlight to existing houses, each ward government has regulated the construction of housing complexes, and to reduce the problem of soil pollution, the National Government has promulgated the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law.In addition to these problems, the extension of the subway network to the Lowland area in recent years has promoted an expansion of the residential quarter. This rapid expansion has led to a shortage of public institutions such as elementary and junior high schools. Furthermore, most of the Lowland area is permanently below sea level due to land subsidence, although the land is protected by extensive dikes and drainage systems to prevent disasters related to high tides and flooding.It is essential to solve these problems related to land use in this Lowland area.