著者
白石 一成
出版者
宮城県水産研究開発センター
巻号頁・発行日
no.3, pp.45-51, 2003 (Released:2011-03-05)

宮城県北部の浅海岩礁域5箇所において、アワビ類とウニ類、海藻類および植食動物、肉食動物の現存量調査を実施した結果、キタムラサキウニでは水深が深い所により多く、無節サンゴモとの関連がみられた。更に、植食動物のクボガイではホンダワラ類のアカモクや小型海藻類を、バテイラでは大型海藻類のアラメを餌料および棲息場として利用していると考えられた。エゾアワビでは、その出現がアラメの分布と関係することから、バテイラとの間で餌料の競合関係にあるとみられた。また各箇所で、アワビ類、ウニ類および植食動物は、餌料となる海藻類に制約される形で出現していることも明らかとなった。一方、肉食動物のヤドカリ類とイトマキヒトデは各箇所で出現が認められたが、海藻類の少ない箇所ではヤドカリ類が多く出現しアワビ類等の幼稚仔がより捕食され易い状況にあるものと考えられた。
著者
加藤 綾子
出版者
一般社団法人 経営情報学会
雑誌
経営情報学会 全国研究発表大会要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2013, pp.302-305, 2013

デジタル技術の進展に伴い従来の産業構造が変化している。この変化を捉えるために先行研究では、レコード産業を対象にデジタル録音技術が形成する2つの道筋と同産業の進化モデルの第四段階を示した。デジタル技術は既存市場の最盛期を牽引したが、他方で個人制作やDIY的生産活動の顕在化を招いた。進化の第四段階では制作・管理機能が一部で統合化するが、他方で生産消費者の制作物が従来型の管理層を必ずしも必要とせず流通小売プラットフォーム上に登場し得ると指摘された。本報告は、この進化モデルについて他のメディア・コンテンツ産業や情報産業などへの応用可能性や一般化可能性を検討するために、産業構造論や産業組織論の観点から考察する。
著者
渡辺 匠 岡田 真波 酒井 真帆 池谷 光司 唐沢 かおり
出版者
人間環境学研究会
雑誌
人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.59-65, 2013 (Released:2013-06-29)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
2 1

There were two primary purpose of this study. One major purpose was to test the effects of disbelief in free will on self-control and the other purpose was to examine whether free will beliefs affect causal attribution of success and failure. Although a great deal of effort has been made on the definition or existence of free will, only few attempts have so far been made at how people's belief in free will influences subsequent judgment and behavior. As an example of such attempts, Rigoni, Wilquin, Brass, and Burle (2013) found that induced disbelief in free will weakens people's motivation of self-control, which suggests dismissing free will leads people to rely on more automatic and impulsive actions. On the basis of this earlier research, the authors intended to confirm the phenomenon that disbelief in free will reduces motivation of self-control. Furthermore, we investigated the processes of causal attribution by belief in free will since they are thought to be associated with both free will beliefs and self-control. Fifty-two undergraduates participated in the study and they were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions (free will, determinism, or control). After free will manipulation, participants completed the Stroop task, whose performance reflects motivation to self-control. Finally, participants received false feedback of success or failure in the Stroop task and they answered attributional questionnaire. The results did not confirm our hypothesis regarding self-control: Participants who were induced to disbelieve in free will performed equally well in the Stroop task as other conditions. However, causal attribution was linked with manipulation of disbelief in free will: Participants who were induced to disbelieve in free will showed less self-effacing bias in task attribution. The findings are suggestive that free will beliefs alter causal attribution processes, which in turn affect a person's social judgment and behavior.
著者
山口 京一郎
出版者
国際基督教大学比較文化研究会 / ICU Society for the Study of Comparative Culture
雑誌
ICU比較文化 = ICU Comparative Culture (ISSN:03895475)
巻号頁・発行日
no.46, pp.23-46, 2014-03-31

Elder Philostratus’ Eikones contains a series of ekphrasis of paintingsconcerning the division of land by Poseidon: II.14 “Thessaly,” II.16 “Palaemon,”and the second island and the third-fourth islands in II.17 “Islands.” This articlediscusses the composition and links between these parts, concentrating onPoseidon and geographical change, along with their meaning.The formation of the vale of Tempe by Poseidon is described in II.14“Thessaly:” Poseidon is in a threatening posture while breaking mountains, andhis attitude to the emerging plain is welcoming. Also mentioned in “Palaemon”and the third-fourth islands, the story connects these three parts. The openingof the sacred depth of Isthmus of Corinth and its acceptance of Melicertes isdepicted in II.16 “Palaemon,” with Poseidon’s order to open the land and hissmile at Melicertes. The second island in “Islands” (II.17.3) does not containa story of geographical change, but the statue of Poseidon in the painting isdescribed as though it is sailing through the ground by breaking it. The thirdfourthislands (II.17.4) were formerly joined as one, but were broken apart intotwo, like Tempe. Though the description of the islands does not contain Poseidon,the preceding island and the mention of Tempe having earthquakes recalls itssource, Earth-opening Poseidon, or Earth-shaking Poseidon. At the same time,the way of illustrating Tempe here is differs from that in “Thessaly.” Thus, theillustration in the third-fourth islands becomes a supplementary explanation for“Thessaly.” These connections are supported by the verbal link with rJhvgnumi ‘tobreak, break asunder.’ The second island and the third-fourth islands also have aunity owing to its composition. These four parts of geographical stories allow usto read them in reference to each other.Viewing the series on Poseidon and the division of land, we find that theyshare a connection to each other, and the image of the rather gentle grace ofPoseidon or geographical change that sometimes shown long after its rupture. Inaddition, human activity could have participated in making the rupture appeargraceful. In the third-fourth islands, the divided islands look unified due to abridge, and wagons go over it, while ships sail under it.
著者
服部 友里 渡邊 伸行 鈴木 敦命
出版者
日本基礎心理学会
雑誌
基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.38.6, (Released:2019-09-10)
参考文献数
52

It has recently been reported that a person’s face is perceived as more attractive when presented in a group than when presented alone. This phenomenon is called the cheerleader effect. To distinguish this effect from classical assimilation and contrast effects, this study examined if it was observable when similarly attractive faces were presented in a group. It also explored whether the cheerleader effect was modulated by the combination of the observer and face gender, considering that there are well-known gender differences in face processing. In each trial of the experiment, participants rated the physical attractiveness of a target face that was presented alone or together with two different faces. In the latter type of trial, the three faces were of the same gender and were of similar attractiveness. The cheerleader effect was successfully replicated in the present experimental setting, and the size of the effect was particularly large when female participants rated male faces. These findings indicate that the cheerleader effect may occur through mechanisms that are different from assimilation and contrast with surrounding faces, and that the effect is subject to modulation by both observer and face gender.
著者
曽和 具之 上田 信樹 上田 信行
出版者
Japanese Society for the Science of Design
雑誌
日本デザイン学会研究発表大会概要集
巻号頁・発行日
pp.A20, 2004 (Released:2005-06-15)

パーティは人々の交流の場であるばかりではなく、人との出会いによって、自分のそれまでの経験を振り返ったり、日々の生活や仕事について再考する機会でもある。本研究の目的は参加者自身が自らのパーティーの経験を振り返り、意味づけすることができるリフレクションの装置を開発し、その効果を検討することにある。具体的には時系列にスナップショットを取り、ほぼリアルタイムでオープンテラスに貼り出すリフレクションボード、パーティーの人の動きをビデオで撮影し、パーティーの最後にリフレクション映像として映し出すための「メタカメラ」である。
著者
尾見 康博 川野 健治
出版者
日本パーソナリティ心理学会
雑誌
性格心理学研究 (ISSN:13453629)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.56-67, 1994-03-31 (Released:2017-07-24)
被引用文献数
2 1

Most psychologists are highly familiar with various statistical methods. Some researchers, however, have pointed out various problems associated with the use of statistical methodology. Study 1 examined the data analytical techniques employed in the articles that appeared in nine Japanese psychological journals between February 1992 and July 1993. It was found that the most frequently used were analysis of variance and t-test, which together accounted for about half of the articles. Among multivariate analytical methods, factor analysis was the most frequently used. Study 2 examined the responses of thirty-seven psychologists and nine psychology-major seniors to the questions regarding; (1) the kinds of data analytical techniques they have ever used in their everyday work; (2) their merits and demerits; and (3) their misgivings and troubles concerning data analysis. The results revealed that most psychologists use a great variety of statistical methods in their everyday work, and they are also frequently troubled with statistical methodology in psychological research.
著者
神長 伸幸 大石 衡聴 馬塚 れい子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.4, pp.531-543, 2016 (Released:2017-02-01)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
3 3

視覚文脈を見ながら文を理解する際の処理の逐次性を5歳・6歳児および成人を対象に検討した。実験では, 「緑の猫はどれ」のように形容詞と名詞の組み合わせを含む文を聴覚提示し, 視覚文脈から指示対象となる事物を選ぶよう被験者に教示した。視覚文脈は, 指示対象を形容詞または名詞の提示により特定できる場合があった。課題中の眼球運動測定データより指示対象となる事物の注視頻度と瞳孔径を求め, 視覚文脈と年齢群の効果を検討した。成人群では, 名詞で指示対象を特定できる場合より形容詞で特定できる場合で指示対象の注視頻度の上昇が早かった。しかし, 5・6歳児では, 視覚文脈の注視頻度への影響が統計的に有意でなかった。瞳孔径を指標とすると, 6歳児は名詞で指示対象を特定できる場合に比べて形容詞で特定できる場合に瞳孔径の拡張が早かった。成人では, 名詞で特定できる場合に形容詞で特定できる場合よりも瞳孔径の拡張が大きい傾向が見られた。5歳児は視覚文脈の効果が瞳孔径に現れなかった。これらの結果より, 少なくとも6歳以降は視覚文脈に合わせた形で指示対象を逐次的に特定できると考えられる。ただし, 幼児は眼球運動制御が未熟で, 注視頻度のみから文理解の逐次性を安定的に検出するのは難しく, 瞳孔径が補完的な指標となり得ることが示唆された。
著者
笠井 ゆきひ 佐藤 弘喜
出版者
一般社団法人 日本デザイン学会
雑誌
日本デザイン学会研究発表大会概要集 日本デザイン学会 第64回春季研究発表大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.186, 2017 (Released:2017-06-29)

美味しそうな印象を「シズル感」と呼び,一つのキーワードとする。フォントから得られる視覚情報によって「美味しそう」と消費者に感じさせるには,どのような表現技法が有効かを明らかにすることが本研究の目的である。まず、食品のパッケージデザインや書き文字制作をしている日置恵氏にインタビュー調査を行い,現行の美味しそうな文字の表現技法を調査した。インタビューから、文字は点と線で構成されており、その形を味覚イメージや食品の形・質感に寄せることでシズル感に繋がるということが理解できた。実験1では、どのような画像の特徴がその食品の美味しさを表しているのかを考察する目的で、美味しそうに見える食品の画像を選定した。実験とインタビューの結果から,ごはん,ハンバーグ,サラダ,りんごの画像から受ける美味しそうな印象は「色」「艶」「かたち」が大きく影響することが明らかとなった。実験2では、どのようなフォントの特徴がその食品の美味しさを表しているのかを考察する目的で、食品の美味しさを感じられるようなフォントを求めた。実験とインタビューの結果から,フォントの形や質感が様々な印象を与えることが明らかとなった。
著者
池 俊介 有賀 さつき
出版者
日本地理教育学会
雑誌
新地理 (ISSN:05598362)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.2, pp.1-22, 1999-09-25 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
1

In recent years, coastal regions in Japan have been used as not only sea bathing resorts, but also as spaces for marine sports. This study clarifies processes and factors that lead to the formation of the tourist resort in the settlement of Osezaki in Numazu-shi, Shizuoka prefecture, as a typical case of the tourist resort for divers that located around the metropolitan area. The results are as follows.1. Scuba diving was introduced into Japan in 1947, and has become widespread rapidly after 1980's. With the increase of divers, 178 diving spots have been opened until now. They can be classified into two types; the first type locates near the metropolitan area and the second type locates on islands in low latitudes. Osezaki as a diving spot is the typical case of the first type.2. The inhabitants on Enashi-ku have depended upon coastal fishery, farming and production of firewood until 1950's. But with the rapid development of orange farming in 1960's, most of inhabitants became more dependant upon farming which utilized on terraced fields and made a comfortable income. For that reason, most of inhabitants were not interested in the operation of recreational industry on Osezaki in 1960's.3. With the improvement of traffic means and the decline of orange farming that was caused by the sudden fall of the price of oranges, some inhabitants of Enashi-ku started to operate the minsyuku (cheap lodging house in tourist resorts) as a principal occupation after 1970's. Enashi-ku as the community also started to operate the car park for tourists, using their common land.4. After the opening of diving spot of Osezaki in 1985, the number of divers has rapidly increased. And now, divers who visit to Osezaki amount to 85000 a year. As a results most of minshuku come to put diving service shops in their buildings and the settlement of Osezaki as the minshuku region changed to the tourist resort for divers.5. The superiority as a diving area (shortness of the time distance from Tokyo, beautiful landscape under the sea etc.) is important as fundamental conditions of the formation of the tourist resort for divers. On the other hand, managers of minshuku have positively offered special services for divers, because of maintaining their stability of operation. Divers who visit to Osezaki throughout the year were attractive for managers of minshuku as customers.6. The fishermen's cooperative of Uchiura has levied the charge (330yen per day) on each of divers since 1985, and about 50 percent of their income have distributed to Enashi-ku. Enashi-ku also has gained some income by the operation of the car park. These profits have been distributed to inhabitants of Enashi-ku directly or indirectly. But one of divers entered a lawsuit against the fishermen's cooperative of Uchiura on the grounds that levying of the charge by the fishermen's cooperative was unfair (it is pending in court now.) Local inhabitants are apprehensive that it may be a menace to the base of the enormous income. The desirable relationship between local inhabitants and divers is groped now.
著者
梅澤 昇平
雑誌
尚美学園大学総合政策論集 = Shobi journal of policy studies, Shobi University (ISSN:13497049)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.1-13, 2011-06-30

日本の社会主義者が皇室とどう向きあったかを考えるうえで、北一輝らのいわゆる国家社会主義者を埒外に置くことはできない。そこで北をはじめとする有力な国家社会主義者の思想と皇室観を概観し、その共通性と異質性を探る。