3 0 0 0 OA 線質変換係数

著者
河内 徹 片寄 哲朗
出版者
公益社団法人 日本医学物理学会
雑誌
医学物理 (ISSN:13455354)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.4, pp.186-191, 2013 (Released:2015-02-19)
参考文献数
16

This report describes the update of the beam quality conversion factor KQ,Q0 of the standard dosimetry protocol in Japan. The KQ,Q0 corrects for the difference between the response of an ionization chamber in the reference beam quality Q0 used for calibrating the chamber and in the actual user beam quality Q. All changes of KQ,Q0 were caused by the perturbation correction factors which were recalculated by Monte Carlo simulation. With a calculation process, unsolved problems in this update are also discussed here.
著者
Wen-Ta LI Chih-Ching WU Yang-Chang TU Wei-Hsiang HUANG Hui-Wei CHANG Victor Fei PANG Chian-Ren JENG Chen-Hsuan LIU
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.18-0696, (Released:2019-07-30)

A one-year-old male Maltese terrier presented with mild ataxia and disorientation for 4 months. Over time, clinical signs progressed from paraparesis to non-ambulatory tetraparesis, voice change and dysphagia. Histological examination revealed concurrent leukoencephalomyelitis and polyneuritis. Infectious etiologies, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Zika, canine distemper, pseudorabies, rabies, toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, leishmaniasis, and encephalitozoonosis, were ruled out by PCR and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. IHC tested on neurological tissues highlighted a heterogeneous population of infiltrating T and B lymphocytes admixed macrophages. Therefore, this case was diagnosed with current leukoencephalomyelitis and polyneuritis, resembling combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD), an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting both the CNS and PNS in humans.
著者
高山 正伸 二木 亮 阿部 千穂子 松岡 健 江口 淳子 陳 維嘉 長嶺 隆二
出版者
公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会
雑誌
理学療法学Supplement Vol.40 Suppl. No.2 (第48回日本理学療法学術大会 抄録集)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.48100438, 2013 (Released:2013-06-20)

【はじめに、目的】 股関節疾患のみならず膝関節疾患においても股外転筋力の重要性が指摘されており,なかでも中殿筋は特に重要視されている。中殿筋の筋力増強運動として坐位での股外転運動(坐位外転運動)を紹介している運動療法機器カタログや病院ホームページを散見する。しかし坐位における中殿筋の走行は坐位外転の運動方向と一致しない。坐位においては外転ではなく内旋運動において中殿筋は活動すると考えられる。本研究は①坐位外転運動における中殿筋の活動性は低い,②坐位内旋運動における中殿筋の活動性は高いという2つの仮説のもと,坐位外転運動と坐位内旋運動における中殿筋の活動量を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】 対象は下肢に既往がなく傷害も有していない20~43歳(平均29.6歳)の健常者14名(男性9名,女性5名)とした。股関節の運動は①一般的な股屈伸および内外転中間位での等尺性外転運動(通常外転)②坐位での等尺性外転運動(坐位外転),③坐位での等尺性内旋運動(坐位内旋)の3運動とし,計測順序はランダムとした。筋電図の導出にはTELEMYO G2(ノラクソン)を使用しサンプリング周波数1000Hzで記録した。表面電極は立位にて大転子の上方で中殿筋近位部に電極間距離4cmで貼付した。5秒間の等尺性最大随意収縮を各運動3回ずつ記録した。筋の周波数帯である10~500Hz以外の帯域をノイズとみなしフィルター処理を行った。5秒間の筋活動波形のうち3秒間を積分し平均した値を変数として用いた。統計解析は有意水準を5%としFriedman検定を行った。多重比較についてはWilcoxon符号付順位検定を行い,Bonferroniの不等式に基づき有意水準を1.6%とした。【倫理的配慮、説明と同意】 被験者にはヘルシンキ宣言に基づき結果に影響を及ぼさない範囲で研究内容を説明し同意を得た。【結果】 通常外転積分値の中央値(25パーセンタイル,75パーセンタイル)は149.5(116.0,275.0)μV・秒で坐位外転のそれは127.5(41.8,204),坐位内旋のそれは219.5(85.1,308)であった。Friedman検定の結果3運動には有意差が認められ,多重比較の結果坐位外転は坐位内旋に対して有意に活動量が劣っていた(P=0.0054)。通常外転と坐位外転にも中央値に違いがみられたが統計学的な差は認められなかった(P=0.0219)。通常外転と坐位内旋にも有意差を認めなかった(P=0.124)。最も大きな筋活動量が得られた被験者の数は通常外転4名,坐位外転1名,坐位内旋9名,逆に最も筋活動量が小さかった被験者の数は通常外転3名,坐位外転10名,坐位内旋1名であった。MMTの方法に類似している通常外転によってその他の2運動を正規化すると坐位外転の中央値は76.9(31.2,102.3)%,坐位内旋のそれは119.2(86.9,183.7)%であった。坐位外転では筋力増強運動に必要な筋活動量40%を下回る被験者が4名(14.9~31.2%)みられ,100%を超える者は3名だけであった。一方坐位内旋においては40%未満の被験者はみられず,9名の被験者が100%以上であった。最小値は69.7%であった。【考察】 股関節は球関節のため肢位によって筋作用は変化する。股関節が屈伸中間位のとき矢状面でみた中殿筋の走行は大腿骨長軸と概ね一致しており同筋は外転作用を有する。しかし股関節が屈曲位となる坐位では走行が大腿骨長軸と一致せずむしろ直角に近くなり,中殿筋の作用は外転ではなく内旋になる。本研究結果では通常外転と坐位外転に有意差を認めなかったが,効果量を0.5,有意水準を0.016,検出力を0.8に設定すると48名のサンプル数が必要で我々のサンプル数は不足している。差がないと結論付けることには慎重であるべきである。この状況下においても坐位外転と坐位内旋には有意差が認められた。本研究結果は坐位外転運動が中殿筋の筋力増強運動として非効率であることを明らかにした。加えて坐位内旋運動では通常の外転運動と同等以上の筋活動が得られることも明らかとなった。この傾向は前部線維で強くなり,後部線維では異なる結果をもたらすと予想される。どの運動によって最も大きな筋活動が得られるかは被験者によって異なっていた。その原因として坐位における骨盤の肢位が影響していると考えられる。骨盤が後傾すればするほど中殿筋の走行はより大腿骨長軸と一致する。多くの被験者に関しては坐位内旋運動で高い中殿筋の筋活動が得られたが,一部にそうでない被験者もみられた。骨盤が後傾することによって内旋運動における筋活動は低下し,逆に外転運動における活動が増加すると考えられる。【理学療法学研究としての意義】 本研究によって中殿筋に対する誤った運動指導は是正されるであろう。
著者
長谷川 寿一
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.1, pp.47-48, 1997-06-25 (Released:2009-10-13)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1
著者
市村 賢士郎 楠見 孝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.90.17037, (Released:2018-12-25)
参考文献数
39

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of and remedies for a earner’s low task persistence. In Experiment 1, 48 participants were assigned to two groups (24 each) and the number of times participants gave up was manipulated by presenting unsolvable anagrams (experimental and control groups). The results revealed that task persistence and task-specific self-efficacy decreased in the experimental group for which the frequency of giving up was increased. In Experiment 2, 72 participants were assigned to three groups and the timing of an intervention with instructions for solution strategies was manipulated (pre-task intervention, mid-intervention, and control groups). The results revealed that in the mid-intervention group, the intervention prevented participants from decreasing their task persistence and task-specific self-efficacy indicated in Experiment 1. These results suggest that voluntary giving up of learners is a cause of their low task persistence, and the timing of intervention to improve learners’ self-efficacy is important.
著者
的場 匠平
出版者
公益財団法人 史学会
雑誌
史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.123, no.9, pp.1613-1640, 2014-09-20 (Released:2017-07-31)

The study of the development of funereal rites among Japan's aristocracy from antiquity through late premodern times has not only been made possible by the availability of ample historiographic sources, but is also helpful in examining both the peculiar and universal aspects of imperial funereal rites in late premodern times. That being said, no serious attempt has been made yet to trace the process of aristocratic funerals and burials throughout Japan's premodern history. The present article is intended to shed light upon the late premodern transformation of Japanese funereal rites in both substance and perception, using the case of closed funerals (misso 密葬) among the aristocracy of that time. The closed funeral (hereafter misso) was the rite of secretly transporting the body of the deceased to be either buried or cremated prior to the official funeral to be held several days later, and was also a method of avoiding the putrefaction of the corpse in the case of long delays in scheduling the official funeral. The rite itself, which had already been in existence prior to the beginning of the 17th century, became universally known as "misso" by the mid-18th century. Rites similar to misso were often conducted during ancient and medieval times under the name of "heisei-no-gi" 平生之儀 (ordinary ceremony), the difference between the two being that heisei-no-gi was not conducted in secrecy or as an abridgement of the official funeral. Therefore, the transition from the popularity of heisei-no-gi in medieval times to the widespread diffusion of misso in late premodern Japan represents a change in the perception of funerals from a relatively unimportant ritual in medieval times to a ceremony arranged to befit the status of the deceased and carefully planned in advance to take place on the most auspicious day possible. In other words, funereal rites experienced a significant increase in social value. In the opinion of the author, this increase in social value was felt throughout all social classes and became the rationale for the lavishness of funerals among the common people of late premodern Japan, as well as the huge scale on which imperial funerals came to be conducted during the time.
著者
脇本 実
出版者
一般社団法人 日本数学会
雑誌
数学 (ISSN:0039470X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.1, pp.1-23, 2002-01-30 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
27
著者
東川 善文
出版者
一般社団法人 電気設備学会
雑誌
電気設備学会誌 (ISSN:09100350)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.8, pp.568-572, 2006-08-10 (Released:2015-04-29)
参考文献数
3
著者
松永 智 佐渡山 亜兵 宮田 浩文 勝田 茂
出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.2, pp.99-105, 1990-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
1 2

We investigated the effects of strength training a muscle fiber conduction velocity in biceps brachii of 7 male students. The subjects were trained to exhaustion by 60% of maximum isotonic voluntary contraction with 3 sets/day, 3 days/week for 16 weeks. The muscle fiber conduction velocity was measured with a surface electorode array placed along the muscle fibers, and calculated from the time delay between 2 myoelectric signals recorded during a maximal voluntary contraction. Upper arm girth significantly increased (p<0.01), from 29.2±1.4 cm (means±S. D.) to 30.6±1.5 cm. On the other hand, training induced no significant changes in upper arm skinfold. A significant difference between pre- and post-training was found in maximum isotonic strength (p<0.01) . Although maximum isometric strength showed no significant changes with training, there was a tendency for an increase in maximum isometric strength. Muscle fiber conduction velocity increased by 3.5% during training period, but this was not significant. These results suggest no effects of strength training on muscle fiber conduction velocity.
著者
Xuan Shu Shenyou Shu Shijie Tang Lvjun Yang Dan Liu Ke Li Zejun Dong Zhongchao Ma Zhensen Zhu Jialong Din
出版者
The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌
Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.4, pp.403-413, 2018 (Released:2018-04-26)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
33

Diabetic foot ulcer is a chronic, refractory, frequent complication in diabetic patient. Its treatment often requires multidisciplinary joint efforts, diverse strategies have been adopted to address this annoying issue, including stem cell-based therapy/acellular dermal matrix/negative pressure wound therapy etc. However, consensus has not been reached. To assess the current evidence regarding the efficiency and potential advantages of stem cell-based therapy compared with conventional standard treatment and/or placebo in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. A comprehensive search in PubMed, EmBase, Cochrane Central and Web of Science databases was conducted during December 2016 and a systematic review and meta-analysis of all relevant studies were performed. A total of 7 studies that involved 224 diabetic foot patients, classified as Wagner grades 1–5, were analyzed. The pooled results confirmed the benefits of using the stem cell treatment. Partial and/or complete healing were significantly higher in the stem cell group compared with the control group (77.4% vs. 31.9%; RR: 2.22; 95% CI, 1.65–2.98). Subgroup analysis on ABI and TCP02 also confirmed the results. The present meta-analysis indicates that stem cell-based therapy can enhance the healing of diabetic foot ulcers and is associated with lesser pain, lower amputation rate and improved prognosis compared with normal treatment. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are required in the future in order to confirm and update these findings.
著者
足立 正夫 野口 竜也 小村 紘平 西田 良平
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集A1(構造・地震工学) (ISSN:21854653)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.97-103, 2009 (Released:2011-04-30)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
2

本研究の対象とする島根県東部の平野部では,過去の被害地震において震源から離れているにもかかわらず,被害が生じた地域であることが報告されている.その原因として地盤震動特性,地盤速度構造が少なからず影響したものと考えられる.そこで出雲平野および松江平野において微動アレイ観測および重力異常データに基づき推定された地盤構造について検討を行った.微動データによるS波速度構造と重力データによる2次元解析結果と比較すると,S波速度2000~2500m/s層までの深度と近い値を示すことが分かった.この結果を踏まえて3次元解析を行い,面的に基盤構造を把握することができた.
著者
塚正 泰之 福本 憲治 一宮 まさみ 杉山 雅昭 峯岸 裕 赤羽 義章 安本 教傳
出版者
Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology
雑誌
日本食品工業学会誌 (ISSN:00290394)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.10, pp.862-869, 1992-10-15 (Released:2011-02-17)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1

冷凍豚肉を解凍した時に遊離するドリップの一般性状と利用方法について検討した.(1) ドリップの主体は筋細胞内液で一部細胞外液が含まれている.一般組成は水分とタンパク質で全体の99%を構成し,タンパク質の含有量は,ももドリップの8.8%からロースドリップの12.0%までの範囲である.(2) ドリップの一般性状は筋肉部位によって異なり,ばら肉のそれはロース肉ともも肉のドリップの中間的な性状を示す.核酸関連物質,有機酸などは肉の部位毎の特徴をそのまま示している.(3) ドリップ自体を塩せきすると経時的に遊離アミノ酸が増加し,食味が向上することが確認された.(4) ソーセージに解凍ドリップを復元添加するとドリップ自体の塩せきの有無に関わらず食味および色調が顕著に向上することが判明した.
著者
菱田 慶文
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1108170193, (Released:2011-08-24)
参考文献数
25

The present study investigated the transformation that has occurred in Muay Thai, a traditional martial art in Thailand, as a result of gambling. Muay Thai is a sport that incorporates religious ceremony. In Thailand, gambling has been conventionally illegal. The rules of Muay Thai have not been changed since Rajadamunan stadium was established in 1945, and Muay Thai has since developed into a national amusement and become a modern sport. However, various gambling styles linked to Muay Thai still continue to exist. Such gambling comprises three types: 1. Gambling on matches, where all the prize money is placed in bets. 2. Gambling through bookmakers. 3. Gambling based on odds, with no restriction on who gambles and how much money is staked. Since the late 1970s, however, gambling based on odds has increased, and this has resulted in a change of Muay Thai game tactics. Currently, most of the audiences coming to Muay Thai stadiums are gamblers who use odds to bet. For this study, data were collected through fieldwork conducted at Muay Thai stadiums in Thailand. Data were also gathered from Muay Thai magazines. These data have been reconstructed in order to examine how Muay Thai has changed in response to gambling, and the results indicate that the game tactics of Muay Thai have changed due to odds gambling. As a consequence, Muay Thai has become not only just a martial art, but also a sport for gambling.
著者
樋口 敏広
出版者
JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.134, pp.103-120,L14, 2003-11-29 (Released:2010-09-01)
参考文献数
66

The Bikini incident of 1954, ushering in a new era of atomic plenty, aggravated nuclear fear and a danger of neutralism among the Japanese public. This article examines how the Japanese and U. S. governments tackled a problem of antinuclear sentiment which emerged as a hotbed for neutralism in 1954-1957. Focusing on a unique nature of Japanese antinuclear sentiment as a form of nationalism, this article sheds light upon a role of diplomacy as a communication tool to address antinuclear sentiment and nationalism.This study argues that the Yoshida administration succeeded in settling an immediate problem of the Bikini incident but failed to address the question of nationalism deeply rooted in spreading antinuclear sentiment among the public. Worried about a weak leadership of the Japanese conservative government, the Eisenhower administration could not simply overlook this failure. Then it tried to directly confront the growing antinuclear sentiment through a coordinated public relations diplomacy it regarded as “education.” With “education, ” it intended to lead Japan to embrace continued nuclear-testing. This “education” failed, however, when Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi embarked upon anti-nuclear-testing diplomacy. By positively responding to the growing nationalism embedded in the antinuclear sentiment, Kishi thought, he could win popularity for pro-American conservative LDP and therefore contain a danger of neutralism. Containment of neutralism was, ironically, exactly what the Eisenhower administration had envisaged. Kishi's diplomacy, therefore, shared the goal with U. S. educational efforts, but adopted a different approach. His diplomacy finally nullified “education, ” which raised a voice inside the Eisenhower administration calling for changing U .S. policy on nuclear testing rather than changing Japan through “education.” The eventual course of antinuclear nationalism in U. S. -Japan relations once again remained to be seen.
著者
宮下 直
出版者
Arachnological Society of Japan
雑誌
Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.1, pp.81-88, 1996 (Released:2007-03-29)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1 1

This paper reviews inter- and intraspecific competition in web-building spiders in the field. Although interspecific competition was thought to be important in spider communities, recent field experiments have revealed that it is infrequent. Intraspecific competition is also not common at the population level. Possible reasons for the absence of competition in spider populations are discussed.