著者

常深 浩平

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.642-652, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-15)

参考文献数

59

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This article focused on the role of perceptual memory and autobiographical memory in the embodied story of text comprehension. Firstly, the reader's perceptual memory could contribute to the construction of mental representations, i.e., situation models, during story comprehension. Especially, the perceptual information in autobiographical memory is supposed to contribute to constructing situation models. Furthermore, because the accumulation of situation models forms a similar structure as autobiographical memory, it could share a cognitive process: vicarious experience of the real world. Therefore, story comprehension and autobiographical memory have strong connections as a kind of embodied cognition. Secondly, the accumulation of situation models throughout whole story reading has so unique feature that couldn't reduce each situation model of words or sentences, then become a fruitful target in the research about embodied cognition of language. Thirdly, developmental research possibly unites the cognitive processes of story comprehension, autobiographical memory, and the concept of the real world as a kind of embodied cognition.

著者

望月 正哉

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.629-641, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-15)

参考文献数

99

被引用文献数

1

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The framework of embodied cognition, which claims that sensorimotor information is crucially involved in language comprehension, has made considerable contributions to the development of concept processing and word recognition research in recent decades. Current debates, however, have been criticized for the difficulty of fully explaining the characteristics of concept or sematic representations with this framework alone. In this brief article, I reviewed empirical studies of mental simulation in concept processing and word recognition based on the framework of embodied cognition, and presented criticisms for those studies. I then outlined some of the major models and theories of conceptual and semantic representations, including accounts of abstract concept representations, which have been widely discussed in recent years. These studies suggest that we should not examine whether concepts are embodied, but rather examine how they are grounded in diverse systems such as sensorimotor system, mental states, language system, environment, and context.

著者

坂元 昂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.229-241, 1990-09-30 (Released:2009-01-13)

参考文献数

34

著者

中村 康夫

出版者

中古文学会

雑誌

中古文学 (ISSN:02874636)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.42-50, 1984-05-10 (Released:2019-03-10)

著者

Shuhei ENOMOTO Hiroki KUZUNO Hiroshi YAMADA

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E105.D, no.11, pp.1890-1899, 2022-11-01 (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

3

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CPU flush instruction-based cache side-channel attacks (cache instruction attacks) target a wide range of machines. For instance, Meltdown / Spectre combined with FLUSH+RELOAD gain read access to arbitrary data in operating system kernel and user processes, which work on cloud virtual machines, laptops, desktops, and mobile devices. Additionally, fault injection attacks use a CPU cache. For instance, Rowhammer, is a cache instruction attack that attempts to obtain write access to arbitrary data in physical memory, and affects machines that have DDR3. To protect against existing cache instruction attacks, various existing mechanisms have been proposed to modify hardware and software aspects; however, when latest cache instruction attacks are disclosed, these mechanisms cannot prevent these. Moreover, additional countermeasure requires long time for the designing and developing process. This paper proposes a novel mechanism termed FlushBlocker to protect against all types of cache instruction attacks and mitigate against cache instruction attacks employ latest side-channel vulnerability until the releasing of additional countermeasures. FlushBlocker employs an approach that restricts the issuing of cache flush instructions and the attacks that lead to failure by limiting control of the CPU cache. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this study, FlushBlocker was implemented in the latest Linux kernel, and its security and performance were evaluated. Results show that FlushBlocker successfully prevents existing cache instruction attacks (e.g., Meltdown, Spectre, and Rowhammer), the performance overhead was zero, and it was transparent in real-world applications.

著者

小林 美和 山元 修

出版者

学校法人 産業医科大学

雑誌

Journal of UOEH (ISSN:0387821X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.219-224, 2002-06-01 (Released:2017-04-11)

被引用文献数

2 2

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農業従事者に発症したスポロトリコーシス2例を供覧し, 当科で経験した11例についてまとめた. ガーデニングが流行していることから, 都市部においても, 趣味で土いじりを行う人での発症の増加が予想される. 本症を一種の職業性皮膚疾患として捉えたうえで, 農作業中の感染経路としての外傷予防を, 農家や趣味で農作業を行う人に呼びかけるとともに, 「カビ」による感染症についての啓蒙も必要である.

著者

Rieko Takatani Takuo Kubota Masanori Minagawa Daisuke Inoue Seiji Fukumoto Keiichi Ozono Yosikazu Nakamura

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.11, pp.569-573, 2023-11-05 (Released:2023-11-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

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Background: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism (NS-HypoPT) are rare diseases with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and high and low parathyroid hormone levels, respectively. In Japan, over 20 years have passed since the last survey on these diseases. We carried out a nationwide cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of these diseases in 2018.Methods: We conducted a nationwide mail-based survey targeting hospitals in 2018. From a total of 13,156 departments throughout Japan, including internal medicine, pediatrics, neurology, and psychiatry, 3,501 (27%) departments were selected using a stratified random sampling method. We asked each included department to report the number of patients with PHP and NS-HypoPT in 2017.Results: The overall survey response rate was 52.0% (1,807 departments). The estimated number of patients with PHP and NS-HypoPT was 1,484 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1,143–1,825) and 2,304 (95% CI, 1,189–3,419), respectively; the prevalence per 100,000 population was 1.2 and 1.8, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, we generated estimates of the national prevalence of PHP and NS-HypoPT in Japan during 2017, which were found to be higher than those previously reported.

著者

飯田 文雄

出版者

JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.11-40,314, 2006-11-10 (Released:2010-04-30)

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This paper attempts to clarify the ways in which recent egalitarians have differentiated themselves by examining their core idea to neutralize the influence of different kinds of luck in distributive justice. The paper first highlights the ways in which both resourcist and welfarist egalitarians have accepted the idea of neutralizing the influence of luck in reference to the arguments of Ronald Dworkin and Richard Arneson until 1990's. Second, the paper focuses on the way in which Elizabeth Anderson criticized both of these egalitarian formulations under the labeling of “luck egalitarianism”. Finally, this paper examines the different ways in which both resourcist and welfarist responded to the objections of Anderson in reference to the recent development of Dworkin's insurance schemes and Arneson's responsibility-catering prioritarianism. The paper concludes that the idea of neutralizing the influence of luck still plays an important role in egalitarian theory today, although some important revisions are indispensable to provide for the possible objections.

著者

槇野 沙央理

出版者

日本倫理学会

雑誌

倫理学年報 (ISSN:24344699)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.129, 2017 (Released:2019-04-16)

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Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations(hereafter PI)is known for its dialectic style. Wittgenstein, as a therapist, makes his interlocutor reflect on his own wording. Several studies have been conducted regarding Wittgenstein’s interactive style. However, little attention has been given to a conflict between Wittgenstein and his interlocutor. They often talk past each other. Wittgenstein gets irritated at his interlocutor’s reaction. The interlocutor complains that Wittgenstein’s advice is irrelevant. The question why Wittgenstein describes the conflict in a positive way remains unanswered. The key to solving the problem is to consider the interlocutor’s perspec tive. I will answer the question through an examination of the interlocutor’s reaction towards Wittgenstein’s advice. First, I will examine in detail the therapy of PI §§191─195. In these sections, Wittgenstein not only points out that the interlocutor’s expressions lack a concrete example and context in which we could use them, but also offers objects of comparison in which Wittgenstein makes his interlocutor reflect on his own wording. However, the interlocutor does not receive Wittgenstein’s offering in a straightforward manner. Second, I will investigate the interlocutor’s reaction in PI §195. I suggest that the interlocutor seems to realize the analogies between objects of comparison and his own expressions but refuses to admit such analogies are tenable. If my explanation is true, the question why Wittgenstein describes the conflict in a positive way can be answered. Finally, I will reconsider the reason why Wittgenstein positively describes the conflict by focusing on the readers’ point of view. I assert that Wittgenstein encourages us to scrutinize our foundations of thought.

著者

桐山 勉 川島 順 藤城 享 栗原 健一

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報プロフェッショナルシンポジウム予稿集 第19回情報プロフェッショナルシンポジウム

巻号頁・発行日

pp.55-60, 2022 (Released:2022-07-01)

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Open Science & Citizen Science時代において、IP Patent Information Scientistとして社会的なニーズテーマにて何かしらの社会貢献をしたい。具体的には国連が定めたSDGsテーマに沿う社会的テーマとして、「台風の制御技術の特許分析」を通して、社会貢献をしたい。更に具体的には、台風の制御技術を10個の詳細技術領域に分けて特許分析を行い、新たな社会的な知恵を纏めて提言を捻りだし、アイディア的ではあるが改善技術の進歩的な効果を狙う新規特許出願ができないか検討した。予稿集の配布前までに特許出願したい。先ずは、過去の学びの王道に沿って、官庁関連から報道・公開されている資料を学び、実際に関連する特許情報を調べて、その分析を試みた。そして、INFOSTA-SIG-PDG部会としてCitizen Scienceとして何かお役に立つことができないか、研究してみた。「台風の制御技術の特許分析」に対して、台風の膨大な自然エネルギーから1~3%のエネルギーを吸収し、それを社会に役立つ電気エネルギーに変換し、二次電池に蓄電する電気船の技術に的を絞り、研究を行った。これからのIP Landscape研究会にては、SDGsに沿った具体的な社会的ニーズテーマに沿って市民技術者勉強会を運営し、何らかの提案型・ビジネスモデル型提言を行うことこそ、IP Patent Information ScientistとしてCitizen Scienceを実践することだと、実感できた。当PDG部会の活動報告も兼ねて、発表する。研究成果として、Backcast-IPL法にて将来を先読みした台風のビジネスモデルに関する提言を行う。

著者

小林 慶行

出版者

日本DDS学会

雑誌

Drug Delivery System (ISSN:09135006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.76-87, 2012-03-30 (Released:2012-06-29)

参考文献数

10

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ラニナミビルオクタン酸エステル(イナビル®)(1)は吸入型インフルエンザ治療薬として第一三共で見出され、2010年10月に販売を開始した。その構造上の特徴はノイラミニダーゼ阻害剤・ラニナミビル(2)の側鎖C-9位の水酸基にオクタン酸を導入したプロドラッグという点である。このプロドラッグ化は薬効の劇的な改善を生み、"治療が1回で完結"するという大きな特徴を生み出した。本稿では、ラニナミビルオクタン酸エステル(1)の創製までの道のりと、その薬効プロファイルについて紹介する。

著者

Amaly Fong Lee Adan Vega Saenz

出版者

Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

雑誌

Journal of Disaster Research (ISSN:18812473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.7, pp.1192-1198, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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The work performed by the urban search and rescue (USAR) teams is, from every standpoint, difficult to exactly define, since their main mission, which is to save lives, is joined by a series of tasks typical of disaster risk management, which makes them one of the most complex professions and therefore, with the strictest training requirements. Within these requirements, the fact is that USAR teams must be trained to serve a wide population diversity, which also involves the skills to manage critical situations where an inclusive approach is vital. To face this challenge, it is necessary to develop inclusive strategies according to the reality of these teams. In this article, the authors perform a deep analysis to the existing literature and by means of an exhaustive evaluation get to propose an inclusive model for the USAR teams. This model allows to define not only the reach of the inclusion term in these teams, but also helps to establish strategies to reformulate the training plans and programs of recruiting and retention of new members.

著者

月岡 耕太郎 岡崎 朋彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.41-45, 2024 (Released:2024-01-01)

参考文献数

25

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自閉スペクトラム症(ASD)は、社会性やコミュニケーションの障害、強いこだわりなどを示す脳機能障害であり、その発症率は近年増加の一途を辿っている。発症原因の約半数は遺伝要因では無く環境要因に起因すると考えられており、特に妊娠中の病原体感染によって引き起こされる母体免疫活性化(MIA)がASD発症のリスクを増加させる可能性が疫学及び動物実験により示されている。本項ではMIAによるASD発症メカニズムについて最近の知見を紹介する。

著者

Kota Katanoda Hirokazu Tanaka Sayo Tanaka Kayo Togawa

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20230135, (Released:2023-06-17)

参考文献数

4

著者

Mikio Nakajima Yohei Okada Tomohiro Sonoo Tadahiro Goto

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.10, pp.544, 2023-10-05 (Released:2023-10-05)

参考文献数

4

著者

Soichiro Saeki Yohei Kurosawa Koichiro Tomiyama

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.10, pp.543, 2023-10-05 (Released:2023-10-05)

参考文献数

6

著者

西中 知博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人工臓器学会

雑誌

人工臓器 (ISSN:03000818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.216-220, 2016-12-15 (Released:2017-03-15)

参考文献数

42

著者

ボクチャーバ エム・アー

出版者

Japanese Society of Tea Science and Technology

雑誌

茶業研究報告 (ISSN:03666190)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1958, no.12, pp.115-121, 1958-11-30 (Released:2010-02-05)

参考文献数

17

著者

藤原 幸一 藤田 卓仙 山川 俊貴 久保 孝富 日永田 智絵 桐山 瑶子 川島 浩誉 川治 徹真 野田 隼人 田畑 淳

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.6, pp.674-683, 2021-11-01 (Released:2021-11-01)

著者

田口 瑞穂 川村 教一 澤口 隆

出版者

防災教育学会

雑誌

防災教育学研究 (ISSN:24359556)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.67-74, 2022 (Released:2023-11-07)

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日本国内の国公私立大学8 大学の大学1 年生720 人を対象とした自然災害に関する認識についてのアンケート調査結果を再分析した。高校生時代の地理A および地学基礎の学習歴と自然 災害に関する意識の関係では、地理A の履修者の方が地学基礎選択者よりも、地震、津波、洪 水について意識が高かった。教科書における自然災害に関する記述量を比較したところ、地学基 礎よりも地理A の方が多かった。地理A 履修者の自然災害に対する怖さの意識の差は、高校時 代の自然災害に関する学習量の多さと関係がある。