著者

佐藤 正則 三代 純平

出版者

日本言語政策学会

雑誌

言語政策 (ISSN:18800866)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.19_1-19_16, 2023-03-31 (Released:2023-03-31)

参考文献数

22

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本研究は、日本に永住帰国したサハリン残留日本人2世Sさんのライフストーリーを複言語・複文化における仲介(mediation)という観点から考察することによって、Sさんの言語経験の意味を明らかにし、複言語・複文化における仲介の意義を論じる。A市に永住帰国した第2世代の一人であるSさんにライフストーリー・インタビューを行い、いかに言葉を学び使用しているかという観点で分析した。その結果、Sさんの仲介活動は「サハリンの人々と日本社会をつなげる役割」「日本語話者とロシア語話者をつなげる役割」「日本社会にサハリン残留日本人の経験と記憶を伝える役割」という役割を担っていることが分かった。また仲介はSさんのアイデンティティの更新につながったこと、それは言語や文化の境界にいるからこそ可能になることも明らかになった。以上の結果から、多文化共生社会における複言語・複文化話者の仲介活動の場作りの必要性を論じた。

著者

柿本 竜治 黒肥地 雄太

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学) (ISSN:21856540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.5, pp.I_117-I_127, 2019 (Released:2019-12-26)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 1

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本研究では,熊本県が実施した熊本地震の災害対応に係る調査の「課題が生じた点」のテキストデータを分析し,熊本県庁で生じた課題を整理分類するとともに,時系列的に災害対応状況を整理し,どの段階で課題が生じているかを把握する.包括的に課題を把握した後に,災害の応急復旧に深く関わった土木部の動きに着目し,初動の災害対応活動に生じた課題を把握する.さらに,災害応急復旧の現場が直面した課題の把握にあたり,実際に業務にあたった行政技術職員および建設業者にヒアリング調査を実施し課題を抽出する.本研究では,階層的に課題を把握していくことで,災害時の応急対応に生じた共通の課題を探り出し,迅速な災害対応を可能にする応急復旧体制の構築に寄与する知見を得ることを目的とする.

著者

矢口 昇 葛西 真治

出版者

The Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.231-237, 2010-09-15 (Released:2011-03-15)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3 2

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We introduce, from public health officer's angle, the current situation of bedbug occurrence and discuss the factors which complicate bedbug problem in recent Japan. Countrywide, bedbug infestation is found at relatively cheap hotels where foreign travelers tend to use. In urban area of Japan, however, bedbugs are appearing frequently at cheap accommodation facilities where only Japanese people stay. Most residents in such facilities are live on welfare benefits and are unemployed. They frequently move among different facilities with bedbugs on their baggage and/or clothes, and bedbugs easily spread their distribution. Also, bedbugs can be distributed by dropping at libraries, transport facilities, movie theaters, fast food stores, medical institutions, etc. We also experienced difficulties of bedbug control with pyrethroid insecticides. It is necessary to survey the level of insecticide resistance for bedbug colonies in Japan. As in other developed countries, hereafter, bedbug problem will be magnified countrywide. It is essential to address this problem in collaboration across medical institutions, health authorities (public health offices) and welfare agencies. Provision of such information to general public is also necessary.

著者

植田 みどり

出版者

日本比較教育学会

雑誌

比較教育学研究 (ISSN:09166785)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.47, pp.40-50, 2013 (Released:2020-05-01)

著者

今永 光彦 外山 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

雑誌

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌 (ISSN:21852928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.169-175, 2018-12-20 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 3

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目的:在宅医療における死因としての老衰の診断に関して調査を行う.方法:全国在宅療養支援診療所連絡会全会員908名を対象として郵送質問紙調査を行った.結果:有効回答数535名(回収率58.9%).死亡診断書に老衰と記載したことがあったのは501名(93.6%).“老衰と診断するにあたり重視している”と回答した割合は「継続的な診療を行っている」79.2%,「ADLや経口摂取量の低下が緩徐である」93.0%,「他に致死的な病気の診断がついていない」88.2%であった.“老衰と診断する際に影響する”との回答が多い項目は,「患者の家族の理解や考え」,「医学的に他疾患を除外できているか」,「老衰と診断することによる患者のQOLへの寄与」であった.結論:在宅医は,医学的側面以外の影響をうけながら,継続的な診療,緩徐な状態低下,他に致死的な病気の診断がないことを重視して老衰の診断を行っていた.

著者

森下 勝行

出版者

Japanese Society for Electrophysical Agents in Physical Therapy

雑誌

物理療法科学 (ISSN:21889805)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.08-13, 2017 (Released:2022-09-03)

参考文献数

14

著者

小森 政嗣 城下 慧人 中村 航洋 小林 麻衣子 渡邊 克巳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第85回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.PH-002, 2021 (Released:2022-03-30)

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ガウス過程選好学習(Gaussian process preference learning)と敵対的生成ネットワークの一種であるStyleGAN2を組み合わせた実験を行い,外集団構成員が有していると想定される顔特徴の可視化を試みた。日本の大学生116名が提供した顔画像を,Flickr-Faces-HQ(FFHQ)で学習したStyleGAN2の潜在表現に埋め込んだ。埋め込まれた潜在表現に対し主成分分析を行い8次元の顔部分空間を構築した。実験参加者に,この顔空間(±2SD)から生成された2つの画像をモニタに並べて提示し,「より巨人/阪神ファンらしい顔」を選択する課題をそれぞれ100試行行わせた。実験参加者は全て阪神ファンであった。選好結果をもとに顔特徴を巨人/阪神ファン顔らしさに変換する内的な効用関数の推定を行った。ガウス過程選好学習はガウス過程回帰にThurstoneモデルを組み込んだ手法である。すべての参加者の結果を平均した平均巨人/阪神ファン顔らしさ関数をそれぞれ算出し,これらの関数が最大値となった潜在表現から,阪神ファンが考える巨人・阪神ファンの顔を合成しその顔特徴と比較した。

著者

吉田 さちね 黒田 公美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本心身医学会

雑誌

心身医学 (ISSN:03850307)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.8, pp.958-966, 2015-08-01 (Released:2017-08-01)

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目的:母親が母乳で子を育てる養育(子育て)は哺乳類に共通する特徴である.効率よく養育を受けるため,子どもの側も親を覚え,後を追い,シグナルを送るなどの愛着行動を積極的に行っている.このような母子関係の維持に貢献する子からの行動はあまり研究されておらず,その脳内基盤については未知の部分が多い.そこで親が子を運ぶ際に子が示す協調的反応「輸送反応」についてヒトとマウスで検討した。方法・結果:母親が生後1〜6カ月の乳児を抱きながら歩くと,抱いたまま座っているときに比べて,乳児の自発運動の量が約1/5(Fig.1B),泣く量が約1/10(Fig.1C)に低下し,心拍数も母親が歩き始めて3秒程度で顕著に低下した.一方で母親が口でくわえて運ぶのを模して仔マウスを指でつまみ上げると,仔マウスはヒトと同様に不動化(自発運動の減少),超音波発声の減少,心拍数の低下を示した.さらに仔マウスの輸送反応を詳細に検討した結果,痛覚閾値の低下,四肢の収縮,体幹の弛緩など複数の要素が同時に惹起される複雑な反応であり,それぞれの反応は独立な発達曲線および制御機構をもつことが明らかになった.さらに感覚遮断により仔マウスの輸送反応を阻害すると運ばれているときに暴れてしまうが,そのような仔マウスを母親が運ぶのにはより多くの時間を要した.結論・考察:以上から,マウスとヒトの乳幼児において,親が運ぶ際に鎮静化によって協調する輸送反応が進化的に保存されていると考えられた.抱いて運ばれる際の子どもの協調的反応が定量・可視化されれば,育児の効率に対する養育者の自信や意欲を高めたり,またバイオフィードバック学習を行ったりすることが可能になる.また,発達障害児において,親に抱かれる際の反応に特徴がある可能性についても検討の余地があると考えられた.

著者

Tadashi HAMASAKI Hiroki UCHIKAWA Tatsuya KAWANO Keitaro KAI Tastuya TAKEZAKI Akitake MUKASA

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-0283, (Released:2023-04-13)

参考文献数

19

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Transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy (TSA) is one of the predominant surgical options for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The purpose of this article is to highlight the unique features of TSA and determine the setting to perform safe and secure TSA with special reference to the optimal head position. TSA should be performed via a small surgical corridor in the temporal stem that contains functionally important fiber tracts, including the uncinate fasciculus, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the optic radiation. Graphical simulations proposed that low-degree (<30°) head rotation had the advantage of sufficiently opening the surgical field in TSA and may help surgical procedures within the limited exposure of the medial temporal structures. Inspection of the surgical videos implied that the collapse of the inferior horn was prevented in low-degree rotation, probably because the deformation due to the brain shift was minimized in the medial temporal structures. A simulation also implied that chin-up position had the advantage of resecting the tail of the hippocampus in a straightforward manner. We suggest that the setting is optimized in TSA with low-degree rotation and chin-up head position.

著者

榧根 勇

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

地理学評論 Series A (ISSN:18834388)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.4, pp.322-324, 2020-07-01 (Released:2023-02-19)

参考文献数

3

著者

磯崎 行雄 丸山 茂徳 柳井 修一

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.2, pp.378-391, 2010-04-25 (Released:2010-07-06)

参考文献数

72

被引用文献数

11 9

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A new historical review is presented on the progress of the geological sciences in Japan since the Meiji revolution in 1868. Geological knowledge, particularly studies of the geotectonic evolution and orogenic aspects, of the Japanese Islands has progressed through three distinct phases; (1) non-science stage, (2) colonial science stage, and (3) independent science stage, as modeled by Basalla (1967), who demonstrated a general pattern of transplanting cutting-edge scientific/technological knowledge from western Europe to the rest of the world. During the “non-science” stage from the 1860s to the 1890s, major geological aspects of the Japanese Islands, together with discoveries of unusual rocks, fossils etc., were initially described by foreign geologists (e.g. E. Naumann). In contrast, almost nothing was contributed by domestic geologists. During the “colonial science” stage, from the 1900s to the 1980s, research and education systems were transplanted effectively from western European countries. For example, applying the purely imported concept of geosyncline, the geotectonic history of the Japanese Islands was summarized for the first time by domestic geologists (e.g., Kobayashi, 1941; Minato et al., 1965 etc.). The almost unidirectional acceptance of plate tectonics also followed at this stage, with the exception of the rare but outstanding contribution of A. Miyashiro during the 1960s-1970s. During the “independent science” stage from the 1980s, various new ideas and original techniques in geology were proposed by Japanese geologists with lesser help from the western countries than before; i.e., practical criteria for identifying ancient accretionary complex, exhumation tectonic of ultrahigh to high-P/T metamorphic rocks, and subhorizontal growth framework of subduction-related orogens. Furthermore, in the first decade of the 21st century, the geological science in Japan entered stage of (4), “exporting science” with the introduction of new paradigms, such as the application of detrital zircon chronology to subduction-related orogens, which efficiently recognizes new geotectonic subdivisions and allows paleogeographical reconstruction with much higher resolution than before. These new paradigms (ideas, techniques) from Japan are now on sale for applying to the rest of the world.

著者

段 智久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本マリンエンジニアリング学会

雑誌

マリンエンジニアリング (ISSN:13461427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.350-357, 2019-05-01 (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

7

著者

三原 悠 浅野 一朗 段 智久 岡村 秀雄 松村 千里 羽賀 雄紀 中坪 良平

出版者

公益社団法人 日本マリンエンジニアリング学会

雑誌

マリンエンジニアリング (ISSN:13461427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.473-483, 2021-05-01 (Released:2021-06-02)

参考文献数

29

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As a way to improve the combustion characteristics of wood tar which is highly viscous and flame retardant, the authors blended it with liquefied dimethyl ether (DME), which can improve fuel fluidity, ignitability and spray atomization. Moreover, heavy fuel oil (bunker-c oil) was added to increase the heating value of this fuel sample. The sample, which has the blending ratio of 35 % wood tar, 30% DME and 35% bunker-c by weight, was used in a combustion test with a three-cylinder in-direct injection diesel engine. Additionally, the authors also investigated particulate matter (PM) produced after burning four samples that mixed liquefied DME with flame retardant fuels in the same engine to analyze its environmental and biological impacts. The four samples prepared for the experiment were (1) 70% distillate oil (bunker-a) and 30% DME; (2) 85% bunker-c and 15% DME; (3) 70% bunker-c and 30% DME; (4) 35 % bunker-c, 30% DME and 35% wood tar.  The results of the engine test suggested the possibility that wood tar could become more combustible by optimizing the flow rate of fuel and the blend ratio of liquefied DME and bunker-c. In the (4) case, PM showed no high mutagenic potentials and there were lower concentrations of such inorganic substances as vanadium and nickel. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in PM decreased by blending liquefied DME with bunker-c, whereas did not decrease for the wood tar.

著者

千田 二郎 柴田 一郎 段 智久 藤本 元

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 B編 (ISSN:03875016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.613, pp.3173-3178, 1997-09-25 (Released:2008-03-28)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 2

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This study investigates the atomization mechanism of fuel spray dissolved in noncondensable gas, such as N2, CO2. The fuel spray was injected at room temperature and in an atmospheric pressure field through a diesel-hole-type nozzle. In this paper, N2 gas was dissolved into diesel fuel, n-tridecane, under several pressurized conditions using a gas bubbling method in a constant volume vessel. This fuel, with high gas solubility, was injected under several injection pressures using an accumulated injection system designed by the authors. It was found that the dissolved gas separated into gas bubbles like gas cavitation phenomena under the atmospheric field. The change in spray patterns caused by the gas solubility is discussed using photographs of the patterns.

著者

Kyutaro Kishimoto Yusuke Watanabe Seiji Ikegawa

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-025, (Released:2023-04-12)

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Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cultivars exhibit diverse floral scents, the emissions of which are generally influenced by temperature. To fully benefit from these scents and add value to cut tulips, it is necessary to evaluate the scent emission response to temperature. This study investigated the daily emission changes of 82 volatiles, including the main scent compounds, at different temperatures (13, 18, and 23°C), in the cut tulips from eight tulip cultivars with different scents. At 23 and 18°C, the total scent emissions of each cultivar increased with flower opening and subsequently decreased with visible senescence. Floral senescence progressed more rapidly at 23°C, and the decrease in total scent emission occurred most rapidly at 23°C. Scent emissions at 18°C tended to be lower than at 23°C. The vase life of the cut tulips was most prolonged at 13°C owing to the slow senescence; however, scent emissions remained low after the flower opening. These results indicate that improving both tulip scent emission and vase life under constant temperature conditions is difficult. It was observed that scent composition changed before and after flower opening, and with floral senescence. In contrast, temperature had little effect on scent composition. Cut tulips stored at a low temperature (10 or 15°C) over four and a half days and then transferred to room temperature (20°C) had a longer vase life than tulips maintained at room temperature, due to delayed senescence. In addition, scent emissions were low at low temperatures, but increased rapidly upon transfer to room temperature. Therefore, storage of cut tulips at low temperatures may lead to increased scent emissions upon transfer to room temperature. These findings imply that low-temperature storage of cut tulips before sale contributes to both vase life and a rich scent after sale. The results reported here demonstrate the improvement of cut tulip scent emissions by appropriate temperature management.

著者

Takashi Onozaki Takuo Fujimoto

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-049, (Released:2023-04-12)

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Genetic improvement of flower vase life is an important breeding target for ornamental plants. As the vase life of cut dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) flowers is very short, we initiated a conventional crossbreeding research program in 2014 to improve it. We evaluated the vase life of dahlia seedlings during summer (from July to early September) to develop dahlias that grow and bloom under high temperatures and have excellent vase life for Japanese summer conditions. Crossing and selection over five generations greatly improved vase life. The mean vase life increased from 4.4 days in the 1st generation, derived from 22 parental cultivars, to 8.0 days in the 5th generation, a net increase of 3.6 days. Mean vase life increased significantly by 1.6 days from the 4th to the 5th generation, indicating continued improvement. The mean vase life of the 12 lines selected from the 3rd and 4th generations ranged between 6.0 and 15.9 days in distilled water and from 7.8 to 14.6 days in GLA solution (10 g·L−1 glucose, 0.5 mL·L−1 CMIT/MIT [isothiazolinone derivatives], and 50 mg·L−1 aluminum sulfate). Vase life was further extended by 0.5 to 4.0 days using 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) sprays compared to GLA alone. In particular, the 4th-generation line 003-15 vase life was 13.8 to 15.9 days (2.5× that of ‘Kamakura’, a leading white dahlia cultivar in Japan) in distilled water, 12.0 to 14.6 days (1.8× to 2.2×) in GLA, and 13.9 to 15.3 days (1.7× to 1.9×) in GLA+BA in winter and spring. Cut flowers of line 003-15 harvested under high temperatures in July–August and at 28°C with GLA treatment also had long vase life. The pedigree of line 003-15 suggests that genes related to long vase life derived from ‘Micchan’ (with a long vase life) may have accumulated or duplicated in line 003-15. Finally, four selected lines, including 003-15, had high ethylene sensitivity, as 10 μL·L−1 ethylene treatment caused petal abscission in 2.0 to 2.8 days.

著者

田中 一誠 吉武 良治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人間工学会

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.Supplement, pp.2D4-05, 2022-07-30 (Released:2022-09-01)

著者

Satoru Suzuki Daisuke Sano

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

Journal of Water and Environment Technology (ISSN:13482165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.97-107, 2023 (Released:2023-04-10)

参考文献数

79

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There is much evidence that the environment is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). For ARG latency and stability, environmental factors should play a role since ARGs are transferred among bacterial species, which results in their evolution and dissemination. Recent findings have expanded the novel mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) beyond classically accepted HGT mechanisms such as conjugation, transformation, and transduction. In these HGT processes, environmental factors directly or indirectly affect the transfer rate and mechanism. Here, we focus on the effect of protists that affect HGT, because HGT is regulated among the microbial community, in which protist grazing is one factor that enhances HGT. Protist grazing eliminates planktonic bacteria. However, it is reported that environmental DNA release and HGT in protist vacuoles are increased by the grazing, although the effect is not uniform and depends on the environmental conditions. Biofilms protect bacteria and accelerate HGT. In these processes, quorum sensing and organic matter contribute to HGT. Although HGT occurs between bacterial cells, other microorganisms such as protists should be recognized as factors relating to HGT. We should pay attention to microbial ecosystem when consider ARG risk from water environment in terms of “one health” aspect.

著者

Tsuyoshi Doman Hiroaki Saito Yukari Tanaka Dai Hirasawa Mareyuki Endo Daichi Togo Tomoki Matsuda

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.6, pp.865-869, 2023-03-15 (Released:2023-03-15)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

3

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A 61-year-old man presented with a 7-day history of watery diarrhea and loss of appetite after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Laboratory studies showed significant eosinophilia and an elevated IgE level (white cell count, 18.4×109/L; eosinophil count, 9.5×109/L; and IgE level, 540 IU/L). Symptoms resolved 10 days after vaccination without any steroids or antiallergic medications, and the eosinophil count had also returned to within normal limits 2 months later. Several cases of eosinophilic disorders following receipt of any type of injectable COVID-19 vaccine have been reported, so the etiology should be examined.

著者

大喜多 紀明

出版者

大妻女子大学人間生活文化研究所

雑誌

人間生活文化研究 (ISSN:21871930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.22, pp.147-158, 2012 (Released:2012-11-14)

参考文献数

9

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本稿では,知里幸惠が編集・翻訳した『アイヌ神謡集』[1]に掲載されている13編のカムイユカㇻの内の5編をテキストとし,それらに見出される交差対句を紹介している.本稿における前提は,交差対句が,アイヌ民族における特徴的な修辞表現様式一つであるということである.本稿で紹介した交差対句の資料は,アイヌの生活文化を理解する際に有用な知見であると筆者は判断している.