著者
Nobuhiro Kotoda Satoshi Matsuo Ichiro Honda Kanako Yano Tokurou Shimizu
出版者
一般社団法人 園芸学会
雑誌
The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.MI-085, (Released:2015-11-28)
被引用文献数
14

Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) has two GA 20-oxidase genes, CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2, and the genomic sequence for CuGA20ox1 is shorter than that for CuGA20ox2, although the coding region of cDNA for CuGA20ox1 is slightly longer than that for CuGA20ox2. Southern blot analysis revealed that 12 Citrus cultivars examined and trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] have at least two types of GA 20-oxidase genes, such as CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 genes. CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 were differentially expressed in various tissues. CuGA20ox1 was expressed in almost all of the tissues investigated with relatively higher expression in vegetative than in reproductive tissues, whereas CuGA20ox2 was specifically expressed in flower buds just before anthesis. These distinct expression patterns of CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 imply that function of these two genes diverged in the process of evolution. The specific and relatively higher expression of CuGA20ox2 in flower buds would explain why GA-like activity was higher in Satsuma mandarin’s ovaries at anthesis. Transgenic Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh] plants ectopically expressing CuGA20ox1 or CuGA20ox2 were examined to elucidate the function of these two Satsuma mandarin genes. Phenotypic analysis revealed that both CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 caused elongated inflorescence but did not affect the timing of flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis as compared with wild-type controls. Ectopic expression of CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 significantly affected the levels of GA24 and GA34 on the non-13-hydroxylation pathway; GA24 decreased and GA34 increased. This observation indicates that both CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 accelerated the conversion of GA24, a substrate of a GA 20-oxidase, to GA9, a precursor of an active form of GA4. Likewise, on the early-13-hydroxylation pathway, ectopic expression of CuGA20ox1 significantly decreased GA19 and increased GA29 and GA8, inactive metabolites of 2-hydroxylation of GA20 and GA1, respectively, suggesting the activation of this biosynthetic pathway. CuGA20ox2 also had a tendency to activate the early-13-hydroxylation pathway although it increased only GA20 with a statistically significant difference. Taken together, we concluded that CuGA20ox1 and/or CuGA20ox2 activated both the early-13- and non-13-hydroxylation pathways for increasing active GAs, resulting in elongated inflorescences in transgenic Arabidopsis.
著者
八代 隆政
出版者
文教大学言語文化研究所
雑誌
言語と文化 (ISSN:09147977)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.88-124, 1998-02

Ahmad Nadim Qasmi (1916—) is an effective Urdu short story writer as well as a poet and a journalist in Pakistan, who has generally maintained an unblemished personal reputation. The Urdu (and Hindi) short story as it exists today is a literary phenomenon of recent origin. Its present development owes much to the inspiration of the West. The short story in Urdu originated with Premchand (1880—1936), universally considered as one of the greatest fiction writers of modern India. Premchand brought it out of the world of dreamland and fantasy and introduced to this form the living truth of human existence. He portrayed the life of the Indian peasant in Uttar Pradesh in his novels and short stories with understanding and sympathy for their poverty and suffering, their superstitions and weakness.Only two years after the creation of the Union of Soviet Writers, Marxist intellectuals in India under the leadership of Sajjad Zahir called the first All-India Progressive Writers' Conference in Lucknow on April 10, 1936. Premchand, who imbibed the spirit of socialism in his final years, presided over the Progressive Writers' Movement's first session shortly before his death in 1936.The Urdu short story in the period after 1936 branched into two different lines: the sociological story, represented by Bedi, Krishan Chandar and Qasmi; and the psychological story, dominated by themes of sex, as best seen in the writings of Manto, Ismat Chughtai and Mumtaz Mufti. After Premchand, Ahmad Nadim Qasmi emerged as one of the best short story writers in Urdu. Imtiaz Ali Taj has rightly called Qasmi the "Premchand of Punjab." As a versatile writer, Ahmad Nadim Qasmi has written extensively both in prose and verse, depicting the rural life of the Punjabi with all its romance and poverty, and touchingly capturing the grandeur of nature in contrast with the sad plight of the village dweller. His interest in rural life sprang initially from his search for romance in the rustic, but later he began depicting rural actuality in all its beauty and misery, a fact which has tended to permeate his writing with a missionary zeal. Qasmi showed a deep sympathy for the peasant folk in their misery and poverty, for he saw beneath their rags a certain dignity, worth, and regard for humanity.In this paper an attempt has been made to describe Qasmi's life, thought and the process of his self-reformation, and to evaluate the characteristics of his works in the fifteenth collection of short stories "Nila patthar" (Blue stone) published in 1980.

1 0 0 0 OA 物理全志

著者
宇田川準一 編訳
出版者
煙雨楼
巻号頁・発行日
vol.八, 1876
著者
Manuel CEDILLO HERNANDEZ Antonio CEDILLO HERNANDEZ Francisco GARCIA UGALDE Mariko NAKANO MIYATAKE Hector PEREZ MEANA
出版者
一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会
雑誌
IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.E98.D, no.9, pp.1702-1705, 2015-09-01 (Released:2015-09-01)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
2

In this letter we present an imperceptible and robust watermarking algorithm that uses a cryptographic hash function in the authentication application of digital medical imaging. In the proposed scheme we combine discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and local image masking to detect the watermark after a geometrical distortion and improve its imperceptibility. The image quality is measured by metrics currently used in digital image processing, such as VSNR, SSIM and PSNR.
著者
中岡 成文
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1978, no.28, pp.188-199, 1978-05-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

1 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1942年04月24日, 1942-04-24

1 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1936年04月14日, 1936-04-14

1 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1939年04月12日, 1939-04-12
著者
藤井 聡 長谷川 大貴 中野 剛志 羽鳥 剛史
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集F5(土木技術者実践) (ISSN:21856613)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.1, pp.32-45, 2011 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
58
被引用文献数
2 18

人文社会科学では,「物語」(narrative)は,人間,あるいは人間が織りなす社会の動態を理解するにあたって重要な役割を担うものと見なされてきている.それ故,人間や社会を対象として,その動態に,公共的な観点からより望ましい方向に向けた影響を及ぼさんと志す“公共政策”全般においても,“物語”は重大な役割を担い得る.ついては,本研究では物語に関する基礎的な人文社会科学研究である,西洋哲学,解釈学,歴史学,歴史哲学,文芸批評,心理学,臨床心理学・社会学,民俗学などの主たる学術系譜のそれぞれをレビューすることを通して,プラグマティックな観点から“物語”がどのように公共政策に援用可能であるのかを論ずる.
著者
矢原 隆行
出版者
九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院人間科学部門共生社会学講座
雑誌
共生社会学 (ISSN:13462717)
巻号頁・発行日
no.6, pp.59-71, 2008

社会構成主義(social constructionism)をその理論的背景に持ち、現在では心理学、社会学、福祉学、医学等、様々な学問領域に影響を与えつつあるナラテイヴ・セラピーの諸潮流のなかでも、ノルウェーの精神科医トム・アンデルセンによって提唱されたリフレクテイング・プロセスの社会学的可能性に関しては、国内においてこれまでほとんど言及されていない。本稿では、リフレクティング・プロセスにおける「会話についての会話」が有する理論的および実践的な意義を社会システム論の観点から観察するとともに、その社会学的応用可能性について検討する。
著者
吉田 民人
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.3, pp.260-280, 2004-12-31
被引用文献数
1

17世紀の「大文字の科学革命」に発する正統的科学論は, 物理学をモデルにして「法則」以外の秩序原理を考えない.この「汎法則主義」に否定的または無関心な一部の人文社会科学も, 「秩序原理」なる発想の全否定を含めて, 明示的な代替提案をしていない.それに対して「大文字の第二次科学革命」とも「知の情報論的転回」とも名づけられた新科学論は, 自然の「秩序原理」が改変不能=違背不能=1種普遍的な物質層の「物理科学法則」にはじまり, 改変可能=違背不能=2種普遍的な生物層のゲノムほかの「シグナル記号で構成されたプログラム」をへて, 改変可能=違背可能=3種普遍的な人間層の規則ほかの「シンボル記号で構成されたプログラム」へ進化してきたと主張する.<BR>この新科学論の立場から人文社会科学の《構築主義》を共感的・批判的に検討すれば, 第1に, 《構築主義》の争点とされる本質と構築の非同位的な2項対立は, 物質層の「物理科学的生成」と生物層の「シグナル型構築」と人間層の「シンボル型構築」という秩序原理の3項的な同位対立として読み解かれる.第2に, 言語による構築を認知 (ときに加えて評価) 的なものに限定して指令的な構築を含まない《構築主義》を「認識論的構築主義」と批判し, 認知・評価・指令的な3モードの構築を統合する「存在論的構築主義」への拡張・展開を訴える.一言でいえば, 《構築主義》は人文社会科学における〈法則主義との訣別〉へと導く理論だという解釈である.