著者

原 圭寛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

日本教育学会大會研究発表要項 (ISSN:2433071X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, pp.370-371, 2012-08-22 (Released:2018-04-20)

著者

苫米地 誠一

出版者

智山勧学会

雑誌

智山学報 (ISSN:02865661)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.29-72, 2001-03-31 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

磯部 美良 佐藤 正二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.13-21, 2003-03-30 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3 5

---

本研究の主な目的は, 関係性攻撃を顕著に示す幼児の社会的スキルの特徴を明らかにすることであった。年中児と年長児の計362名の攻撃行動と社会的スキルについて, 教師評定を用いて査定した。関係性攻撃得点と身体的攻撃得点によって, 関係性攻撃群, 身体的攻撃群, 両高群, 両低群の4つの群を選出した。社会的スキルについて群間比較を行った結果, 両低群に比べて, 関係性攻撃を高く示す子ども (関係性攻撃群と両高群) は, 規律性スキルに欠けるものの, この他の社会的スキル (友情形成スキルと主張性スキル) については比較的優れていることが明らかになった。また, 関係性攻撃群は, 教師に対して良好な社会的スキルを用いていることが示された。さらに, 関係性攻撃群の男児は友情形成スキルが全般的に優れているのに対して, 関係性攻撃群の女児は友情形成スキルが一部欠けていることが見出された。これらの結果から, 関係性攻撃の低減には, 規律性スキルの習得を目指した社会的スキル訓練が効果的であることなどが示唆された。

著者

小出 欽一郎 柳沢 郁子 小沢 昭夫 佐竹 幹雄 藤田 孝夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.10, pp.1925-1930, 1992 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 4

---

In this report, we investigated microbiologically the cause of the kerosene-like off-flavour in “surimi-based products” (chikuwa) kept at 10°C for 7 days. The results are as follows. From the kerosene-like off-flavoured “surimi-based products”, the appearance is the same as normal, while no swelling, softening, or discoloration was recognized. We isolated bacteria and yeasts, but molds could not be isolated. As the result of a kerosene-like off-flavour reproduction test using these isolates, all yeasts but not all bacteria produced this odor. Among the raw materials (15 kinds) for “surimi-based products”, only natural food preservative produc-ed this odor. Yeast that produced a kerosene-like off-flavour was identified as Debaryomyces hansenii, and the component of this odor was confirmed by GC-MS to be styrene.

著者

Kazuki Fujii Hinano Otofuji Yu Nakamura Yumie Koshidaka Mayumi Adachi Eri Sasakawa Mohamed Darwish Keizo Takao

出版者

Catalyst Unit

雑誌

Translational and Regulatory Sciences (ISSN:24344974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.46-57, 2019 (Released:2019-11-30)

参考文献数

42

---

Propofol, known as “milk of anesthesia”, is used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Recently, propofol has attracted increasing concerns about its safety and abuse potential because of its psychostimulant effects such as euphoria and sexual hallucinations. Previous reports focused on the effects of postoperative and neonatal exposure to propofol. However, the lasting effects of repetitive propofol administration during adulthood have not been well investigated. It is conceivable that prolonged use of propofol affects brain function and the behavioral characteristics of the abused patient. Thus, we performed a comprehensive behavioral analysis of mice exposed to propofol. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were repeatedly administered with propofol (20 or 80 mg/kg/day i.p.), intralipos (vehicle control), or saline only once a day for seven days. We then performed a behavioral test battery to evaluate various behaviors. Afterwards, we resumed the propofol treatment for three days and subsequently conducted contextual and cued fear conditioning tests. In the three‐chamber social approach test, propofol treatment attenuated social novelty preference in mice. In the fear conditioning test, high dose-treated mice exhibited impaired long-term cued-dependent memory retention. In the rotarod test, propofol- and intralipos-treated mice tended to have decreased motor coordination than the saline-treated mice. Our results demonstrated that repetitive propofol treatment has the potential to induce some behavioral changes in mice. Additionally, the solvent itself might have effects different from that of propofol. Our findings provide basic data on the safe use and risk of propofol abuse. Highlights Propofol, known as “milk of anesthesia”, has attracted increasing concerns about its safety and abuse potential. The lasting effects of repetitive propofol administration during adulthood have not been well investigated. To clarify the effects of repetitive propofol use on brain function and behavioral characteristics, we performed a comprehensive behavioral analysis of mice exposed to propofol. In this study, propofol treatment attenuated the social novelty preference and the performance of the cued long-term memory task in mice. Additionally, treatment with propofol and intralipos tended to induce decreased motor coordination. Our results demonstrated that repetitive propofol treatment has the potential to induce some behavioral changes in mice. Furthermore, the solvent itself might have effects different from that of propofol. Our findings provide basic data for the safe use and risk of propofol abuse.

著者

原野 幸治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会機関誌えねるみくす (ISSN:24323586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.6, pp.676-682, 2019-11-20 (Released:2019-11-29)

参考文献数

9

---

最新の顕微鏡技術によって,有機分子の形を原子レベルの解像度で可視化することが可能となった。これにより,石炭や重質油に含まれるアスファルテン分子をひとつひとつ観察して構造決定することが実現された。

著者

西貝 吉晃

出版者

情報法制学会

雑誌

情報法制研究 (ISSN:24330264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.36-46, 2019 (Released:2019-11-20)

---

Because of the need to protect network-connected industries, especially critical infrastructures, and in order to respond to new forms of cyberattacks such as those using botnets, the German legislature has proposed another unauthorized access offense (StGB §202e) in addition to the existing StGB §202a. Compared to its predecessor, StGB §202e does not require that one overcomes a security measure to be applicable; it also has clauses that increase punishment in certain circumstances: acting for a fee, or acting for the purpose of impairing the function of critical infrastructures. German legal scholars also recognize the necessity of reforming to some extent current criminal law statutes to apply to the new forms of cybercrime, and this new statute would certainly make acts punishable that remain unpunishable under current criminal statutes. However, many opponents object the proposed StGB §202e because the punitive scope of this new offense is so broad that there is a major risk of punishing daily and unharmful acts. The discussions pertaining to StGB §202e in Germany illuminate some key points for creating appropriate regulations to prevent cyberattacks in Japan. In this article, I introduce the discussion about this theme to obtain some valuable information concerning Japanese cybercrime legislation.

著者

根岸 信太郎 池上 貴志

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.12, pp.757-766, 2019-12-01 (Released:2019-12-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

6

---

In this paper, a new method of water pumping scheduling in a water distribution system with providing balancing reserves to power systems is proposed. This method enables to obtain a daily schedule of pumping water and balancing reserves, which is based on prices of electric energy and balancing reserves, hourly water demand profile, and properties between water flow quantity and consumption electricity of water pumps. The proposed method consists of an optimization model which is formulated by Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The constraints about the fluctuation of the volume of water in a reservoir, which is occurred by providing the balancing reserves, is added into the proposed model. Adding these constraints, stable water distribution is enabled even when the balancing reserves are activated. To verify the validity of the proposed method, simulations of water pumping scheduling in some cases were done. As a result, net operational cost was decreased when water pumps provided the balancing reserves. Moreover, the operational feasibility of providing the balancing reserve from water pumps is clarified.

著者

小仲 邦 望月 秀樹

出版者

日本神経学会

雑誌

臨床神経学 (ISSN:0009918X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.263-265, 2015 (Released:2015-04-22)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

---

音楽家におけるジストニアは動作特異性ジストニアの一つとして知られる.長年同じ演奏動作をくりかえすことで生じるとされるが,その実態の詳細は明らかではない.また疾病が社会的に周知されていないことから患者自身が医療機関を受診していない可能性も考えられる.われわれは音楽大学の学生を対象として音楽家におけるジストニアについてはじめてアンケート調査を施行した.480名の対象者のうち本疾病を認識している学生は29%であった.1.25%の学生において演奏時にジストニアが出現するとの回答がえられた.

著者

Ilka Straehler-Pohl

出版者

The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.261-270, 2019-11-27 (Released:2019-11-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2

---

A new carybdeid species, Carybdea irregularis sp. nov., is described from the Dana Expedition 1928–30 collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, originally sampled from French Polynesia. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following morphological features: pedalial canal knee bend rounded, 2 very narrow velarial canal roots/octant with slim, irregularly shaped canals (no canal resembles another one) and bottle tree-like gastric filaments.Description, photo and and drawings by Bigelow (1909) on three French Polynesian carybdeid medusae, sampled in Rikitea Harbor, Mangareva, Gambier Islands (French Polynesia) during the Albatross Expedition in 1905 and identified by him as “Carybdea rastonii”, fit exactly the anatomical structures of this new species and are therefore designated to it.Up to now, Carybdea irregularis sp. nov. is the smallest species of the genus Carybdea, maturing with at a bell height of 15 mm.

著者

川嶋 伸佳 大渕 憲一 熊谷 智博 浅井 暢子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.63-74, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

---

Although public concern about social inequality has increased, Japanese people generally do not appear to be actively engaged in activities for social reform. We hypothesized multiple levels in the perception of unfairness-micro-unfairness based on personal experiences and macro-unfairness based on evaluation toward the whole of society-and predicted that micro-unfairness would lead to more protests compared to macrounfairness (H1). We also hypothesized that three psychological variables-immutability belief, low social efficacy, and estimated costs of social changes-would regulate the positive relationship between multiple levels of perceptions of unfairness and protests (H2). The results of the social survey held in Japan in 2009 (n = 1398) not only supported H1 but found that the effects of micro-unfairness on protests varied depending on the strength of macro-unfairness. In addition, the results of immutability belief and the estimated costs of social changes basically supported H2, but the results of low social efficacy did not.

著者

村田 勇 阿部 景香 斉藤 美穂 井上 裕 金本 郁男

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.12, pp.691-700, 2017-12-10 (Released:2018-12-10)

参考文献数

14

---

The influenza virus causes seasonal influenza epidemics and, from time to time, worldwide pandemics. Seasonal influenza epidemics in winter cause increased morbidity because vaccination is aimed at preventing influenza. However, influenza treatment is limited because oseltamivir cannot be used in children. Recently, Kampo medicine containing maoto was reported to have anti-viral and antipyretic effects. In Japan, maoto is generally administered as concentrated extract-granules. However, children do not like to take the maoto extract-granules because of their distinctive smell and bitter taste. Therefore, masking the smell and bitter taste is necessary for administration to children who are unable to take oral medications. In this study, we developed and characterized a new chocolate formulation for masking the maoto extract, using human sensory tests.The chocolate bases A to J (10 forms) were selected from commercial products. The total evaluation score for the maoto extract-containing chocolate formulation-D (Mao/nC) was the highest of the 10 forms according to the human sensory test results. The maoto extract-containing adjusted chocolate formulation (Mao/OrC) was based on an adjusted version of the Mao/nC formulation. The Mao/OrC exhibited improved smell and sweetness and overall evaluation scores compared with the Mao/nC, according to the human sensory test results. The results of a dissolution test, drug release test, and viscosity and osmotic pressure of the Mao/OrC were improved compared with those of the Mao/nC, and those of bioequivalence were similar. These results suggest that the Mao/OrC could be used as a new masking chocolate formulation for preparation in hospitals.

著者

中 正樹

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.182-183, 2009-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

著者

小平 英志 小塩 真司 速水 敏彦

出版者

日本パーソナリティ心理学会

雑誌

パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.217-227, 2007 (Released:2007-04-10)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

11 7

---

本研究の目的は,対人関係で経験される抑鬱感情と敵意感情に焦点を当て,仮想的有能感と日常の感情経験との関連を検討することであった。調査1では,仮想的有能感尺度および自尊感情尺度が実施された。続く調査2では,大学生445名(男性238名,女性207名)を対象に,1日のうち印象に残っている対人関係上の出来事とそれに対する抑鬱感情・敵意感情を7日間に渡って記入するように求めた。その結果,他者軽視傾向が強く自尊感情の低い『仮想型』が,抑鬱感情,敵意感情の両方を強く感じていること示された。また,7日間の評定値の変動に関しても,他者軽視傾向が弱く自尊感情の高い『自尊型』と比較して大きいことが示された。本研究の結果から『仮想型』に分類される個人は,特に対人関係に関わる出来事に関して,日常から不安定で強い抑鬱感情,敵意感情を経験していることが示された。

著者

曽根 悟

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌D(産業応用部門誌) (ISSN:09136339)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.6, pp.612-615, 1994-06-20 (Released:2008-12-19)

著者

鈴木 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.364-367, 2011 (Released:2011-10-06)

参考文献数

11

著者

高野 史男

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.12, pp.629-642, 1959-12-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

4 5

---

最近の各地における急激な都市化現象の進行とともに都市化の研究が学界の関心事となつたが,都市化の概念はまだ確立していない.都市化には都市化のエネルギーがどこからどんな形で作用するかによつて,(1)大都市型都市化,(2)地域中心型都市化,(3)工業化型都市化,(4)在来工業型都市化,の4つの類型がある.現実にはこれらの混合型も多い.これらの諸類型は経済の種々な発展段階に対応して歴史的に形成されたもので,(2)と(4)は産業革命による近代的生産様式の発展以前またはそれと無関係に行われるものであり(前近代的都市化),(1)と(3)は近代的生産様式に基礎をおく近代社会に特有のものである(近代的都市化),とくに(3)は独占資本主義段階においてあらわれる.これら諸類型に共通な点はruralな地域がurbanな地域に変質する過程の存在であり,そこに都市化の本質がある.ここで地域というものを土地と人間との結合によつて成立するものと考えれば,地域のruralからurbanへの変質は土地利用と労働形態との2面に示されることになる.また都市化は近代以後の概念であることからすれば,都市化とは近代産業の発展によつてrura1な地域がurbanな地域へ変質する過程に外ならない.したがつて厳密には近代的都市化のみが真の都市化である.そして都市化は工業化よりも広く近代化よりも狭い概念であるといえる. 地理学における都市化研究は都市化過程の対象(土地利用と労働),主体(資本),原因およびそれらの地域的時間的対比などによつて構成さるべきであろう.

著者

間瀬 久雄 絹川 博之 森井 洋 中尾 政之 畑村 洋太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.94-103, 2002 (Released:2002-04-04)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 5

---

This paper describes a system that directly supports a design process in a mechanical domain. This system is based on a thinking process development diagram that draws distinctions between requirement, tasks, solutions, and implementation, which enables designers to expand and deepen their thoughts of design. The system provides five main functions that designers require in each phase of the proposed design process: (1) thinking process description support which enables designers to describe their thoughts, (2) creativity support by term association with thesauri, (3) timely display of design knowledge including know-how obtained through earlier failures, general design theories, standard-parts data, and past designs, (4) design problem solving support using 46 kinds of thinking operations, and (5) proper technology transfer support which accumulates not only design conclusions but also the design process. Though this system is applied to mechanical engineering as the first target domain, it can be easily expanded to many other domains such as architecture and electricity.

著者

山下 清海

出版者

地理空間学会

雑誌

地理空間 (ISSN:18829872)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.249-265, 2016 (Released:2018-04-04)

被引用文献数

1

---

1970年代以降,日本では在留外国人が増加し,国籍別の構成にも大きな変化がみられるようになった。本稿では,特定の外国人集団のみに焦点を当てるのではなく,多様な在日外国人の動向を日本全体でとらえることに努めた。とりわけ,2008年のリーマンショックおよび2011年の東日本大震災を契機とする在日外国人を取り巻く状況の大きな変化を明らかにし,その要因について考察することを目的とした。第二次世界大戦後の在日外国人の動向とその背景について,第1期(1970年代以前),第2期(1980年代~2008年),そして第3期(2009年以降~現在)に分けて検討した。特にリーマンショックおよび東日本大震災の影響を受けた第3期は,在日外国人の状況が,これまでと大きく異なる新しい段階に入ったことを指摘した。すなわち日系ブラジル人の減少,および「ポスト中国」として,ベトナム人,ネパール人などの留学生・技能実習生の急激な増加がみられた。外国人ニューカマーは,ホスト社会の日本で多様な適応戦略を採っているが,それらの中でも特徴的な中国大陸出身者が経営する「台湾料理店」,およびネパール人の「インド・ネパール料理店」の経営の背景に借り傘戦略があることを明らかにした。

著者

進 健司 小林 大介 川尻 雄大 牛島 悠一 梅田 勇一 金澤 康範 神村 英利 島添 隆雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.2, pp.317-325, 2019-02-01 (Released:2019-02-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

Psychiatric treatment is shifting from hospital to ambulatory care. It is important that pharmacists positively support outpatients. Pharmacist-led interviews with outpatients have been conducted in the psychiatric department of Iizuka Hospital before examination by the doctor since 2015. Few studies in this field have reported about the effect of the pharmacist-led interviews using subjective evaluation of outpatients prior to examination by doctors. The aim of this study was to reveal this effect by the evaluation of outpatients. We conducted a questionnaire survey. More than 80% of the patients responded that it was “Good” to have an interview with the pharmacist prior to examination by the doctor. Moreover, 71.7% of the patients were “Satisfied” with the pharmacist-led interview, while 81.7% of them responded to “Agree” about continuing the interview in the future. Patients who were satisfied and wished to continue the pharmacist-led interviews were more likely to report better rapport with the doctor as well, in comparison to the patients who answered negatively. Furthermore, the patients who answered “Satisfied” were significantly less likely to forget reporting to the doctor than those who answered negatively. The pharmacist-led interviews in the psychiatric department were appreciated by the patients. In conclusion, pharmacists can facilitate communication between patients and doctors through these interviews. These results indicate that the pharmacist-led interview before the doctor examination is a useful effort from the perspective of outpatients.