著者
相田 美穂
出版者
広島市立大学国際学部
雑誌
広島国際研究 (ISSN:13413546)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, pp.105-118, 2014

Fujoshi are women with enthusiastic interest in genres of fiction known as yaoi and BL ("boys love"), which express male-male romantic and sexual relationships. Fujoshi are thus a kind of devoted fan, or "otaku." This paper examines, through the perspective of gender, how representations of fujoshi have changed over the past few years, incorporating perspectives from the work of the Japanese academic and social critic Azuma Hiroki, in particular his concept of "moe" character-based consumption. Azuma makes a distinction between sexual desire situated in the genitals and "sexuality" as subjectivity. Male otaku respond to moe characters, or images in manga, animation, and in the mode of Azuma's sexual desire, while their consumption practice is what Azuma calls "database consumption," typified by "moe" characters, images with features that elicit a "moe" response of desire. Representations of fujoshi have been among consumer products constructed for male otaku.13;I aim to demonstrate that fujoshi, who are both readers and writers of fujoshi manga, work to undermine, through the fujoshi image, the gender relations in which they themselves are involved. In other words, through the fictions that they create, fujoshi protest male-oriented fictions. Through this, they also resist male otaku desires that would keep them confined within two-dimensional fantasy worlds.
著者
内田 惠太郎 山本 孝治
出版者
日本貝類学会
雑誌
ヴヰナス
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.4, pp.119-125, 1942

From the numerous specimens collected at various localities along the coast of the Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands, we obtained the following results about the distribution of Haliotis species in the Korean waters. 1) The following four forms of Haliotis are found in the Korean waters : Haliotis gigantea gigantea Gmelin, H. gigantea sieboldi Reeve, H. gigantea discus Reeve, and H. kamtschatkana Jonas. 2) H. kamtschatkana, a boreal species, is found along the coast of the Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands, while the remaining three forms, belonging to the temperate species, are found on the coast of Saisyu-to (Quelpart Island) and Tusima. In some islands lying between the Peninsula and Saisyu-to, all of the above four forms are found together. 3) The boundary zone of distribution of the above two groups of Haliotis almost coincides with the 12℃.-isothermal line at 25 metre depth in winter.
著者
齋藤 隆平 石井 悠太 上條 拓人 大槻 明
出版者
情報知識学会
雑誌
情報知識学会誌 (ISSN:09171436)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.2, pp.180-186, 2016

メディアミックスとは,一つのコンテンツに対して映像や音楽など多方面に広報戦略を行うことであり,妖怪ウォッチやポケモンはこの成功事例として文部科学省サイトで報告されている.メディアミックスの効果測定手法についても提案されているが,メディアミックスの効果を時系列に実施された個々のメディア戦略単位で測定する先行研究は殆ど無いため,本研究では,妖怪ウォッチを題材として,ゲームの販売本数を目的変数に設定し,さらにメディアミックス戦略の実施状況を時系列の説明変数として設定して重回帰分析を行うメディアミックスの効果測定法(モデル)について提案する.本モデルを用いて2013 年7 月~2014 年7 月における妖怪ウォッチのゲーム販売データを分析した結果,販売本数に最も影響を与えていたメディア戦略についての示唆を得ることができた.
著者
鈴木 哲 平田 淳也 栗木 鮎美 富山 農 稙田 一輝 小田 佳奈枝 高橋 正弘 渡邉 進
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.1, pp.103-107, 2009 (Released:2009-04-01)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
15 4

〔目的〕本研究の目的は,片脚立位時の体幹筋活動の特徴を明らかにした上で,片脚立位時の体幹筋活動と重心動揺の関係を検討することである。〔方法〕健常者10名(25.1±4.4歳)を対象に,両脚立位,片脚立位時の体幹筋活動と重心動揺を測定した。〔結果〕片脚立位では,両脚立位と比べて,挙上側胸腰部脊柱起立と外腹斜筋活動増加率が有意に高かった。立脚側腰部多裂筋と内腹斜筋の筋活動増加率が高い傾向にあった。また挙上側体幹筋活動と重心動揺との間に有意な相関がみられた。〔結語〕片脚立位バランスには体幹筋活動が関与する可能性が示唆された。
著者
和気 朗
出版者
日本細菌学会
雑誌
日本細菌学雑誌 (ISSN:00214930)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.651-669, 1995-07-25 (Released:2009-02-19)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
1

Yersinia pestisはグラム陰性稈菌で,芽胞(胞子)を形成せず,22°Cでも37°Cでも鞭毛を有しない運動性のない菌である。細菌細胞膜構造のリピドAには局所的,全身的シュワルツマン反応をおこす内毒素活性があるが,O抗原にあたる多糖体鎖は欠如し,単一血清型で型別は行われない。ペスト菌はエルシニア属の特徴である好冷性を示し最適発育温度は22°C-26°Cで,36°C-37°Cでは発育が遅く,エンベロープ(夾膜)抗原やV抗原,Yopsと総称される蛋白を発育温度やCa2+濃度調節に感受性のプラスミドにコードされて産生する。またO抗原を欠く結果,酸性環境では殺菌されやすく,胃酸を分泌する動物を経口感染させるためには多くの菌量を要する。したがって系統発生学的にペスト菌が大流行をおこすに至るためには,ペスト菌が体温37°Cの動物(齧歯類など),体温26°C程度の各種ノミ間の循環を確立し,ヒト社会にペストがない時期にも,生殖力旺盛な野生動物とノミから構成される生息地が世界各地に維持されている。このような絶対寄生菌は祖先細菌に突然変異が蓄積し多様に分岐したエルシニア細菌のうち動物血中とノミ消化管との循環というnichéによって選択されたものがペスト菌へと分化した。その系統樹は16SrDNA塩基配列に基いて解明された。ペスト菌は増殖における菌体再生産に必要な鉄元素を収集し貯蔵する装置をコードする遺伝子pgmを染色体外に持つ。また110kbpのfraプラスミドにコードされるFra1(エンベロープ)は,菌を食細胞から防御する。食細胞(マクロファージ)のファゴリソゾーム内微小nichéで菌の70-75kbpプラスミドがV,Yopsの37°Cにおける産生と22°Cにおける抑制をコードするのはniché中のCa2+濃度が10-6M以下の場合で,低カルシウム反応(LCR)領域が発現する。プラスミノーゲンアクチベーターPlaをコードする9.5kbpプラスミドPlaはエルシニア属中ペスト菌に固有で,Yopsを加水分解するPlaはV抗原を露呈する。菌側因子のV,Yops,Pla,リピドAと動物体,人体側因子のヘモグロビン,ヘミン,フィブリン,補体のC5a,C3aとの相互作用によってペスト敗血症(DIC)の病状が発展する。各病巣地のペスト菌がどの菌側因子をどのように産生するかによってペスト菌の病原性の多様性が理解できる。
著者
丸山直光 [著]
出版者
丸山直光
巻号頁・発行日
1989
著者
鰐川 彰
出版者
公益財団法人 日本醸造協会
雑誌
日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.98, no.4, pp.241-250, 2003-04-15 (Released:2011-09-20)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
8 6

ウィスキーの製造工程全般にわたり酒質に及ぼす影響を検討したところ, 乳酸菌がモルトウィスキーの新規香気成分生成に関与することを解明した。乳酸菌は, 従来汚染菌として発酵停止やオフ・フレーバー生成の原因となることは知られていた。一方, 新しく他の微生物と協調してファッティな甘い香気成分を生成し, 同定の結果γ-decalactoneとγ-dodecalactoneと判明した。その生成経路につき, また伝統的に使用しているビール余剰酵母の酒質に及ぼす影響をも検討した。
著者
嶋田 美奈
出版者
パーソナルファイナンス学会
雑誌
パーソナルファイナンス学会年報
巻号頁・発行日
no.10, pp.49-59, 2010

貸金業法の改正以前、消費者金融大手7社は消費者金融市場を一層健全化することを目的とし、消費行動診断サービス及び家計管理診断サービスの開発と導入を行った。本稿は、日本貸金業協会が運営するサイトのインターネット上で利用できるこの診断ツールを用いて、消費行動診断や家計管理診断を利用した者に関して、消費行動や心理的な特徴、家計管理状態の特徴などを調査・分析を行ったものである。そこから多重債務者の可能性が高い者を抽出し、その特徴を心理学と行動経済学の観点から検討した。その結果、心理的特徴として、自己コントロールカ、思考的熟慮性と計画性が低く楽観的、生活や金銭への管理意識、金銭感覚が乏しい反面、衝動性やその場への満足感重視の傾向が強い。金銭的破綻の危機感はあるが、借入に対する抵抗感が低く、安易に債務返済を繰り返し行う対処能力の低さ、対処スキルの未熟さが示された。この傾向を行動経済学の現状維持バイアスの視点から見ると、即自的現在消費への満足感に価値を置くため、借りては返すという行為を繰り返しながら、消費や借金を続ける傾向が高く、セルフコントロール機能が不全である。負債が増加する要因として、安易さ手軽さを好み、簡単にクレジットにアクセスできることとその機会があること、将来の消費への価値が低いことなどが示された。
著者
本田 孝一
出版者
日本中東学会
雑誌
日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.241-271, 1994-03-31 (Released:2018-03-30)

As a calligrapher of Arabic, I have been trying to discover the elements of beauty which would lie in each of the major styles of Arabic calligraphy; Naskhi style, Ruqua style, Diwani style, Jali Diwani style, Thulth style, Naas-Taariq style and so on. Because every time I was engaged in producing Arabic calligraphic works I felt it necessary to
著者
本田 孝一
出版者
日本中東学会
雑誌
日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.127-167, 1993-03-31 (Released:2018-03-30)

As a calligrapher of Arabic, I have been trying to discover the elements of beauty which would lie in each of the major styles of Arabic calligraphy; Naskhi style, Ruqua style, Diwani style, Jali Diwani style, Thulth style, Naas-Taariq style and so on. Because every time I was engaged in producing Arabic calligraphic works I felt it necessary to clarify the elements of beauty which remain vague and mysterious without being studied theoretically, so that I could recognize them and manage to put them under control in writing certain style of Arabic calligraphy. As an initial step to grasp the elements of beauty I made a three- demensional analysis of the shapes of alphabets for each style of Arabic calligraphy. The result of the analysis was published in the 6th AJAMES 1991. The analysis showed that the shape of each alphabet is a silhouette of a narrow tape whose shape was made according to the shape of the equivalent alphabet. At the same time the analysis made clear that shapes of some alphabets of highly artistic style like Thulth style are composed by combination of two parts of different silhouettes made by throwing lights from two directions. It is needless to say that shapes of the alphabets are only small parts of the elements which constitute beauty of the styles of the Arabic calligraphy. For the alphabets are connected one another to form a word, then words are connected into a phrase or a sentence. Through these processes of connections, the shapes are totally changed to become a new linear mass-object which comes to bear a new beauty. The calligrapher has to write words after words pursuing the elements of beauty consciously It is interesting to note that I could find through my experiences in the field of Arabic calligraphy, several important elements which would constitute beauty of the Arabic calligraphy. These are, for example, (1) shapes of the alphabets, (2) composition of the spaces where the calligraphic lines are written. (the harmony between the spaces which are full of lines and those spaces where lines are rare.) (3) The whole regular movements of the lines (visible trend of the lines/ invisible trend of the lines), and (4) role of the symbols for pronuntiation and decoration. According to the styles of Arabic calligraphy, a minute study was made this time to find out which of the above-mentioned elements would be included and emphasized in each of the styles. The results of the study are shown in a table in this thesis. It should be specially noted that I could discover through the study that each style has an invisible trend lines which would be hiden behind the visible movements of lines of words to cotrol them. Grasping these trend lines which differ according to the styles would help us in connecting lines smoothly in writing calligaphic works. At the same time in the light of the elements of beauty varoius comparisons were made among the styles in order to know the charecteristics of each of them. I would believe that this tentative study was fairly fruitful for me because I could be aware of various differences among the styles of Arabic calligraphy clearly.
著者
本田 孝一
出版者
日本中東学会
雑誌
日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.197-265, 1991-03-31 (Released:2018-03-30)

No one will dispute the fact that the Arabic calligraphy has so long history which dates back to the 10th century that it could create various kinds of traditional writing styles according to the difference in the countries and the periods in which it prevailed. These writing styles are, for example, Naskhy, Thulthy, Diwany, Jali-Diwany, Farisy, Ruq'i, Ijazy and so on. Each of these styles has its own alphabets, whose shapes are clearly different from those of other styles. There is no doubt that the shapes are so refined and beautiful that even foreigners who cannot understand Arabic or Persian, could appreciate their artistic values. As for me, I have been interested in this art since I began to study Arabic. As my interest in this calligraphy increased, I began to consider where the secrets of its beauty lie. As the first step to find out the secrets, my consideration was directed to the shapes of the alphabets themselves in the abovementioned styles. When I looked into them, I found that some lines of the alphabets look three-dimensional objects though they are written on the two-dimensional paper. So I came to guess that these shapes of the alphabets could be said to be silhouettes of certain three-dimensional objects which are made of long narrow pieces of solid paper. Based on this supposition, I tried to make the shapes of the alphabets by using tapes (about 2cm in breadth) of solid paper,which were mounted on even cardboard, according to their traditional shapes. Then an investigation was made to analize the direction from which the objects are seen to appear just like the original shapes of the equivalent alphabets. This investigation was done for each styles of Arabic calligraphy. It is worth mentioning that the results of the invetsigation were very interesting and new to us: The investigations showed us that the directions from which the tape-made objects are seen, are slightly different according to the writing styles (Naskhy, Thulthy, Diwany, Farisy and Ruq'i). It should be specially noted that the analyses also made it clear that some of the writing styles have several alphabets whose lines are not partially equal to the reflected images of the equivalent tape-made objects. Most of these exceptional parts were found at the ends of the lines. We could say that they might be regarded as artificial ones joined to the other natural lines. Detailed explanations for the components of the lines of each of the alphabets were made in the following main text.
著者
ツェンク M. H. 田端 守
出版者
日本生薬学会
雑誌
生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.86-102, 1996-04-20
被引用文献数
2

This review includes the history of opium in Europe, China, and Japan, isolation of morphine, and subsequent synthesis of heroin, and the re-evaluation of morphine as an unsurpassed analgesic, with reference to its medicinal, cultural and political impacts upon human societies. Also, the emphases are made on the drug abuse, narcotics control problems and medical treatment of drug addicts. Furthermore, the review refers to the latest information about the whole process of morphine biosynthesis and the present situation of opium production.
著者
小川 裕 藤井 一省 玉井 好史
出版者
耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会
雑誌
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.88, no.2, pp.237-249, 1995-02-01 (Released:2011-11-04)
参考文献数
19

We evaluated the anti-tumor effect of the herbal medicine, Sheng-Jin-Jie-Du-Yin, on a human maxillary cancer cell line transplanted into nude mice.This herb consists of 16 crude drugs developed in China. We found it to be effective in inhibiting the cancer transplanted into animals. The two crude drugs, solanum lyratum herb and oldenlandia herb, in Sheng-Jin-Jie-Du-Yin accounted for the anti-tumor effect.The anti-tumor effect of solanum lyratum herb was noted when it was combined with radiotherapy, while oldenlandia herb was effective in the inhibition of tumor growth when given alone or in combination with radiotherapy.We measured the NK activities in nude mouse spleen cells and concluded that the anti-tumor effect of oldenlandia herb is related to an immune mechanism.
著者
沼田 健哉 Kenya Numata
雑誌
桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.2, pp.97-117, 1989-03-20

In this paper I reviewed the studies of rumor published in Japan and abroad. The conditions of occurrence and spread of rumor, transformation of content of rumor, and the life cycle of rumor were considered. Rumor occurs when people are set in ambiguous situation. Psychologists assert that rumor is the projection of the motive or the sentiment of the people. Sociologists assent that rumor is the product of collective behavior, the interpretation of the situation by the people. But it is necessary to integrate these two approachs. It is often said that rumor is false information. But, if it is false, why people believe and communicate it to others? I think rumor is not false information, but necessary one. It presents reality which is different from those presented by the mass media. Rumor is unverified or unofficial information. When people need information and if they are not given official information, rumor occurs. And it also occurs when people don't believe official information. Rumor is the oldest medium of the mankind and it can not be rooted out as long as people talk with each other.
著者
府川 宗雄
出版者
Tokyo Geographical Society
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.105, no.6, pp.709-717, 1996-12-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
4 4
著者
伊藤 直人 吉田 彩夏 森 晃爾
出版者
公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会
雑誌
産業衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:13410725)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.1-12, 2020-01-20 (Released:2020-01-25)
参考文献数
10

目的:特定業務従事者健康診断は,業務内容に関わらず定期健康診断と同じ検査項目であり,特殊健康診断との役割も不明確である.このため,特定業務従事者健康診断の対象業務の妥当性について課題が提示されているが,法制度が複雑でありその解釈は容易ではない.そこで,特定業務従事者健康診断の実施対象となる業務とその基準に関する変遷を明らかにする.方法:特定業務従事者健康診断の歴史に関連する法令,通達,文献,書籍の内容を調査した.結果:特定業務従事者健康診断の対象業務は,差し当たり特別な衛生管理をしなければならない有害物を取り扱う業務として昭和22(1947)年に旧労働安全衛生規則第48条で定められ,対象業務の定量的基準は当面妥当と考えられる基準値として昭和23(1948)年の通達によって示され,その後大きく変更されていない.その結果,多くの特定業務従事者健康診断の実施基準の多くは,許容濃度を超えていた.結語:特定業務従事者健康診断の対象業務及びその基準は,約70年間ほとんど変更されていない.社会環境の変化や有害業務の管理手法の向上を鑑み,特殊健康診断と特定業務従事者健康診断の目的や役割を再整理し,特定業務従事者健康診断のあり方を改めて考える必要がある.