著者

高橋 徹

出版者

日本神経感染症学会

雑誌

NEUROINFECTION (ISSN:13482718)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.49, 2020 (Released:2020-05-13)

参考文献数

30

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【要旨】重症熱性血小板減少症候群(severe fever with thrombocytopenia symdrome、以下SFTS)は、 2011 年に中国から報告された SFTS ウイルスによるマダニ媒介新興ウイルス感染症である。日本でも流行しており、西日本地方で年間約 80 人が発症していて致死率は約 20%と高い。臨床像は高熱、血小板減少、白血球減少、下痢や嘔吐が特徴で、「ボーッとして理解が緩慢な感じ」の意識障害もよく伴う。AST、LDH、CK は上昇し、骨髄で血球貪食像をみる。特異的治療はなく、抗ウイルス薬のファビピラビルの治療開発が期待されている。マダニのほかに SFTS 発症ネコによる咬傷が新たな感染経路として注目されている。ヒト−ヒト感染もあり、患者を扱う医療者には標準・接触予防策が必須である。

著者

衣本 啓介

出版者

日本地図学会

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.4_7-4_14, 2010 (Released:2012-03-28)

参考文献数

3

著者

大隣 辰哉 大田 慎三 関原 嘉信 西原 伸治 大田 泰正 佐藤 倫由 田中 朗雄

出版者

産業医科大学、産業医科大学学会

雑誌

Journal of UOEH (ISSN:0387821X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.231-242, 2015-09-01 (Released:2015-09-12)

参考文献数

25

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脳脊髄液漏出症は特発性または時に外傷性に発症し,起立性頭痛や誘因のない慢性硬膜下血腫(CSDH)の原因となる稀な疾患である.我々はこの連続20例の治療経験があり,この疾患の現状と問題点も含め報告する.2006年4月から2014年3月までにCTミエログラフィー(CTM)または脊髄MRIで硬膜外髄液漏出を確認した連続20例(女性11例,年齢44.7±12.1歳,22-65歳)の臨床的特徴を後ろ向きに調査した.症状は,起立性頭痛のみが10例,起立性頭痛にCSDH合併が6例,体位と無関係の頭痛にCSDH合併が4例であった.治療は,2例で直達術での縫合またはフィブリン糊による瘻孔閉鎖を施行した.14例で硬膜外自己血パッチ(EBP)を施行(うち1例は上記直達術),後半9例は血管内カテーテルを用いた腰椎からの単回アプローチでの広範囲EBPを施行した.穿頭血腫ドレナージ施行の1例を含む残る5例は,輸液のみで治療した.症状が頭痛のみの10例中9例は,この消失または軽減が得られた.CSDHを合併した10例は,1例で穿頭血腫ドレナージ後に輸液のみで治療,9例でドレナージ後にEBPを施行して全例再発を抑制できた.脳脊髄液漏出症はいまだ病態が不明だが,CTMおよび脊髄MRIにて的確に診断し,点滴加療が無効,起立性頭痛が高度またはCSDHを繰り返す症例には,血管内カテーテルを用いた広範囲EBPでほぼ治癒可能とわかった.

著者

荻野 三郎 大嶋 壮夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.405, pp.460-467, 1987-10-05 (Released:2010-12-16)

参考文献数

11

著者

富永 在寛 八塚 健夫 庄野 四朗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.7-11, 1960 (Released:2012-07-12)

参考文献数

5

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To measure the wearing state of a blast-furnace brick-work during its operation, a test method using a radioactive isotope (Co60) was investigated. In this report, some basic investigations which include the measurement of absorption coefficients of the blast furnace construction materials, determination of the burying amounts of Co60, and experiments with a brick-work model are described.

著者

湯浅 竜

出版者

日本弁理士会

雑誌

別冊パテント (ISSN:24365858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.26, pp.165-177, 2021 (Released:2021-11-18)

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クラウドサービス等のテクノロジーの進化に伴い,国境をまたいで構成されるネットワーク関連発明が増加している。日本国内で提供されるサービスにおいても,端末は日本国内にある一方で,サーバは日本国外にあるケースも多く,このようなサービスに関する発明について,特許権による保護が適切に行われることが重要となる。 国境をまたいで構成されるネットワーク関連発明については,域外適用や複数主体の観点から特許権侵害に関する議論が行われてきた。しかし,その一方で,特許権侵害が認められた場合の差し止め行為については,十分な議論が行われていない。本稿では,前半で国境をまたいで構成されるネットワーク関連発明の動向と特許権侵害に関する議論について整理を行い,後半では国境をまたいだ知的財産権侵害に関する判例等を参照する形で国境をまたいだ特許権侵害行為の差し止め行為の実現性について考察を行った。

著者

片山 直美

出版者

日本宇宙生物科学会

雑誌

Biological Sciences in Space (ISSN:09149201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.21-26, 2007 (Released:2007-12-26)

参考文献数

16

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We scope space exploration beyond the low Earth orbit, such as manned activities on Moon and Mars. The advanced life support system is required to create and maintain living environment in outer space by providing foods, cloths and habitat. We shall prepare effective measures for promoting health and preventing illness, as well. Since astronauts would be exposed to various stressful situation, it is highly requested to feed them healthy meal with a good balance of its nutrients, which maintain inner environment of digestive organ at its proper condition. It is also important to prevent diarrhea and constipation, or to enhance willpower and physical strength of astronauts, by feeding them with good nutritious and ingestible materials. The lactic acid bacterium beverage (containing 80 billion Lactobacillus casei shirota) was given, every day for one month, to 10 healthy female subjects (20.4 ± 0.51 years old) who suffer constipation, together with another 10 subjects for the control with dead bacteria in the same beverage. Status of their constipation was examined by their reporting of number of evacuation, shape of the evacuation, their self awareness on their status. The average stool frequency increased in both the experiment and the control group from the first week of administration. In the experiment group, six among ten subjects showed improvement of clear constipation. Since seven out of ten control subjects did not show improvement in their constipation, administration of live lactic acid bacterium is effective for improving constipation. The L-casei shirota lactic acid bacterium stock helps the action of Bifidobacterium bifidum to keep bowels in normal state. Without proper population of Bifidobacterium bifidum, such conditioning is not effective. Administration of both bacterium species is required in such case. In the future space missions, intake of the lactic acid bacterium would be one of effective measures to maintain astronaut's bowel in good condition and contribute to enhance their health and productivity in their task of space exploration.

著者

Yasuyuki Hayashi Taku Iwami Tetsuhisa Kitamura Tatsuya Nishiuchi Kentaro Kajino Tomohiko Sakai Chika Nishiyama Masahiko Nitta Atsushi Hiraide Tatsuro Kai

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.7, pp.1639-1645, 2012 (Released:2012-06-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

51 89

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Background: The effectiveness of epinephrine administration for cardiac arrests has been shown in animal models, but the clinical effect is still controversial. Methods and Results: A prospective, population-based, observational study in Osaka involved consecutive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients from January 2007 through December 2009. We evaluated the outcomes among adult non-traumatic bystander-witnessed OHCA patients for whom the local protocol directed the emergency medical service personnel to administer epinephrine. After stratifying by first documented cardiac rhythm, outcomes were compared among the following groups: non-administration, ≤10, 11-20 and ≥21min as the time from emergency call to epinephrine administration. A total of 3,161 patients were eligible for our analyses, among whom 1,013 (32.0%) actually received epinephrine. The epinephrine group had a significantly lower rate of neurologically intact 1-month survival than the non-epinephrine group (4.1% vs. 6.1%, P=0.028). In cases of ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest, patients in the early epinephrine group who received epinephrine administration within 10min had a significantly higher rate of neurologically intact 1-month survival compared with the non-epinephrine group (66.7% vs. 24.9%), though other epinephrine groups did not. In cases of non-VF arrest, the rate of neurologically intact 1-month survival was low, irrespective of epinephrine administration. Conclusions: The effectiveness of epinephrine after OHCA depends on the time of administration. When epinephrine is administered in the early phase, there is an improvement in neurological outcome from OHCA with VF.  (Circ J 2012; 76: 1639–1645)

著者

三宅 芙沙 増田 公明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.93-97, 2014-02-05 (Released:2019-08-22)

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放射性同位体の存在量測定による年代推定は,自然科学や考古学などの様々な場面で応用されている.測定対象となる同位体には^<14>Cや^<10>Beなどがあり,これらは地球に飛来して大気に突入した宇宙線が,大気中の原子核と相互作用することによって作られる.同位体の半減期と平均的な生成量がわかっているので,その濃度を調べることによって生成からの経過年数を知ることができる.逆に,年代がわかっている試料,例えば樹木の年輪や極地方の氷床中の同位体濃度を調べれば,当時の宇宙線の強度を知ることができる.宇宙線によって生成された^<14>Cは,二酸化炭素^<14>CO_2となり,さらに樹木へと取り込まれて年輪内で固定されるため,年輪中の^<14>C濃度は過去の宇宙線強度を「記録」しているのである.したがって太陽フレア,超新星爆発,ガンマ線バーストといった突発的高エネルギー宇宙現象も,^<14>C濃度の急激な増加として,その痕跡が記録されている可能性がある.このような背景のもと,我々は6-12世紀における屋久杉年輪中の^<14>C濃度を1-2年分解能で測定してきた.その結果,西暦774-775年,993-994年にかけての2つの^<14>C急増イベントを発見した.これらは1年程度の時間で急激な^<14>C濃度の上昇を示した後,10年のオーダーで減衰していく様子がきわめて似ており,同じ原因によって引き起こされたことが示唆される.さらにこの2イベントについては,ヨーロッパ産の年輪中の^<14>Cと南極の氷床中の^<10>Beにおいても全く同時期に濃度の異常上昇があったことがわかり,屋久島付近における局所的な現象ではなく,地球規模で何らかの大きな変動を与えた突発的宇宙現象がその原因であることが決定的となった.すぐさま,その宇宙現象が何であったかについての活発な議論が始まった.先に述べた太陽フレアやガンマ線バーストなどの現象について,その発生頻度や放出されるエネルギー,地球に与える影響などについて定量的評価が行われた.現在のところ最も有力と見られているのは,太陽表面の爆発によって地球に大量の放射線が降り注ぐSolar Proton Event(SPE)という現象である.また,見つかった2イベントにおける^<14>C濃度の上昇量を説明するためには,その規模は現在知られている最大の太陽フレアの10倍から数10倍であることも明らかになった.これまでに多くの研究者によって年輪中^<14>Cの1-2年分解能の測定が行われてきた期間は,合計すると約1,600年分になる.そしてその期間中,このような大規模なイベントが少なくとも2度起こっているというのは注目すべきことである.^<14>C濃度の上昇はきわめて短い時間で起こっており,本研究のような1-2年の分解能による測定で初めて発見することができるものであるが,この分解能による測定がなされていない期間に,このようなイベントがまだ過去に多く隠されている可能性は高いのである.過去の大規模フレア現象の頻度を正確に把握することで,太陽活動メカニズムの新しい知見を得るとともに,将来における「宇宙気象」の予測へとつながることなどが期待される.また観測史上最大のキャリントンフレア(1859)でも世界的に大きな影響があったことが知られており,その数10倍の規模のフレアが「珍しくない」とすれば,現代社会活動への諸影響を考えることも大変に重要である.

著者

森 毅

出版者

一般社団法人 日本数学会

雑誌

数学 (ISSN:0039470X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.210-225, 1961-05-20 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

62

著者

柳田 國男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.7, pp.273-284, 1927-07-25 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

藤堂 良明 村田 直樹

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.1-9, 2004-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

21

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Study of the history and meaning of dan and kyu grades is one key to the essential character of Budo. Using this idea we began research into the origin of the dan grade system in Shogi, during the Edo period of Japanese history. The dan grade system in certain Kenjutsu and Jujutsu schools where comparable systems existed. For our final reseach we studied the grade system of Judo in the context of the clear intentions established by Jigoro Kano, and we considered how both kendo and kyudo have adopted grading systems and their meaning.Results were as follows:1. There were 9 dan grade steps in Shogi at the beginning of the 18th Century. A Shogi player could be promoted to the next grade if he won a game against Iemoto, the top authority and 9th dan holder. Only Iemoto was permitted to hold 9th dan.2. The Jigenryu of kenjutsu school established its own dan grade syustem from 1st to 4th dan at the begininng of the Edo era in order to keep the students motivated. The Tenjin-shinyoryu Jujutsu at the end of the Edo era established 3 dan grade steps: sho dan, chu dan and jo dan. Both systems had similar policies for dan promotion, requiring length of training and technical skills in kata. Also intangible factors such as being of good character, and not aggressive, but with a determined spirit. The system at that time had only a few 3 or 4 dan grades and there was a long time between promotions, and so students could eventually lack motivation.3. Jigoro Kano, the founder of the Kodokan, established the dan grade system in Judo from 1st dan upwards (without an upper limit), with kyu grades from 5th to 1st, because he disagreed with the traditional grading system and its excessively long intervals to the next grade. He allowed students who had reached 6th dan to teach Judo, and then encouraged study more deeply into the heart of judo before arriving at 10th dan or Shihan. The other purpose of establishing the dan grade system was to stabilize the organization on a firm financial footing. The Dai Nippon Butokukai, established in 1895 in Kyoto, adopted the dan grade system for Judo and kyu grade system for Kendo which was used in Tokyo Police. In 1917, the Butokukai adopted the dan and kyu system for both Judo and Kendo, then in 1923 also adopted the dan and kyu system for Kyudo.4. The dan and kyu grade system used today in Judo examines students for promotion up to 6th dan on points obtained in competitions and on their performance of kata. Above 6th dan are judged on their depth of knowledge and their contribution to judo. The grading system in Kendo examines skills in competitions and kata and there is a written test in addition. Correct posture and being able to use a sword correctly are considered to be more important than winning in the examining matches for promotion. Fees for promotion are used for further development of the organization.

著者

岡田 猛

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.10-18, 2013-03-01 (Released:2014-11-20)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

著者

小森 宏美

出版者

独立行政法人 日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所

雑誌

アジア経済 (ISSN:00022942)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.77-82, 2021-03-15 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

9

著者

赤坂 文弥 中谷 桃子 木村 篤信

出版者

サービス学会

雑誌

サービソロジー論文誌 (ISSN:24355763)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.10-17, 2020 (Released:2021-07-30)

参考文献数

70

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The aim of this paper is to clarify the overview of past researches related to Service Design (SD). As an initial step to achieve this purpose, we exploratory surveyed papers that widely reviews past and current SD research. We selected the papers through the Web search using Google Scholar. On the basis of this survey, we found five academic areas that strongly influenced current SD research, such as (1) Service Marketing / Management, (2) Interaction Design, (3) Design Theory / Design Thinking, (4) Engineering Design / Service Engineering, and (5) Participatory Design / CoDesign. For each of these academic areas, we additionally surveyed specific past researches related to current SD. The papers or books investigated in this additional survey include those selected based on the results of the first survey, as well as those newly found during the process of the additional survey. As a result, we depicted a historical map of SD research. From the map, we found that, among the five academic areas that influenced SD research, some areas have been mutually affected from the past, while others have had little direct involvement so far. Based on the map, we discuss the direction of future collaborations among various approaches to SD research. Further, we also noted that the map can be used as “boundary object” to make the discussion between the research communities with low relationships more constructive, because it explains the background theory in different research communities.

著者

赤川 学

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.89-102, 2001-03-31 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2

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言説分析を経験的な社会学の一手法として鍛えるために必要な、基本的な論点を提出する。第一に、言説分析は自らの外部には出られないが、だからといって分析が不可能になるわけではない。第二に、言説分析は言説空間の全体性を仮想する。第三に、言説分析は、言説(が存在すること)の客観性を前提としつつ、社会的事実としての言説空間の成立・変容過程を分析する。そこでは、「あの言説が語られず、この言説が語られるのはなぜか」という問いが中心を占める。第四に、言説分析は、「誰が語るか」以上に、「誰が語っても似たような言説になるのはなぜか」を問うものである。

著者

Wataru Aoki Naoki Endo Shuji Ushijima Hiroyuki Nagai Tetsuro Ito Masaki Fukuda Akiyoshi Yamada

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MYC548, (Released:2021-09-08)

被引用文献数

5

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“Kakishimeji” identified as Tricholoma ustale and belonging to Tricholoma sect. Genuina is a common poisonous mushroom in Japan. Kakishimeji contains the toxic compound ustalic acid and causes digestive trouble. However, this fungus is consumed in some regions of Japan without any digestive issues. We clarified the probable species complex of Kakishimeji based on a phylogenetic analysis. We collected 89 basidioma specimens of Kakishimeji and related species from various forest sites in Japan and conducted phylogenetic analyses using 7 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. Kakishimeji was found to consist of four distinct phylogenetic clades based on all DNA regions tested. Of these, two clades included European T. stans and T. albobrunneum type specimens. Another two clades consisted of sister clades to T. pessundatum and T. ustaloides. In addition, all four phylogenetic clades of Kakishimeji had different spore and basidium sizes. Therefore, we regarded the latter two clades as two new Tricholoma species: T. kakishimeji and T. kakishimejioides.

著者

野宮 亜紀

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR GENDER STUDIES

雑誌

日本ジェンダー研究 (ISSN:18841619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.7, pp.75-91, 2004-09-01 (Released:2010-08-04)

参考文献数

42

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In the middle of the 1990's, Japanese transgenders started self-help activities to improve their lives and social status. Trans-Net Japan (TNJ) is a self-driven group founded by Honoho Morino. The activities of TNJ vary greatly and include; providing a place for transgenders to study and communicate, publishing documents, holding symposiums for the public, and responding to the media to enhance public awareness of their issues. There have always been problems with running this group because all the programs are staffed by unpaid volunteers due to the lack of public funding for the transgender groups. This lack of funding makes certain programs and activities, such as peer counseling, more difficult to maintain. However, TNJ has held more than one hundred events as of January 2004.During the past ten years, TNJ, other groups and professionals have actively worked together to improve the social situation surrounding transgenders This collaboration has lead to major changes: the Japanese Association for Psychiatry and Neurology established guidelines for the diagnosis and the treatment of GID (1997), the first publicly announced SRS was conducted with recognized justification by the medical ethics committee (1998), a transgender was elected to the Setagaya Ward Congress (2003) and a law allowing transgenders to change the gender on their family registration (equivalent to birth certificate) passed the diet (2003).In the processes of changing the social system, the public view towards transgenders has shifted from“som ething about sex cultures” to “something about medical and human rights issues.” The concept of the mental disorder, GID, was spread in our society as a term to describe transgender individuals. This situation generated a debate in the transgender community about whether the purpose of transgender activities is to acquire the welfare as handicapped people depending on the concept of GID or to deconstruct social norms based on the male/female gender dichotomy.One answer is that the primary purpose of the self-driven activity is empowerment of the community. TNJ provides opportunities for the empowerment in their activities; the participants share a common problem, learn from each other and find strength in themselves. If all transgenders make the transition from passivity to self-reliance, they can confront the psychological and social issues in order to change their own lives and break discrimination based on gender issues.

著者

柳 雄介

出版者

日本ウイルス学会

雑誌

ウイルス (ISSN:00426857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.117-123, 1995-12-01 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

29

著者

Shinta NISHIOKA Yoji KOKURA Takatsugu OKAMOTO Masako TAKAYAMA Ichiro MIYAI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.435-442, 2019-10-31 (Released:2019-10-31)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4 4

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This study aimed to verify the relationship between assignment of professional registered dietitians (RDs) and other healthcare professionals and body weight or functional outcome in underweight patients. This was a secondary analysis of the nation-wide survey data from Kaifukuki (convalescent) rehabilitation wards (KRWs). Data of patients aged ≥20 y with disabilities and body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 and who were discharged from 1,099 KRWs were analyzed. The primary outcome was BMI at discharge. Secondary outcomes were Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at discharge and returning to home. Patients were divided into two groups: those in KRWs with ≥1 or <1 dedicated RD per ward (KRW/RD+ and KRW/RD−, respectively). Of 5,843 eligible participants (female, 63%; median age, 82 y; hip/vertebral/knee fracture, 47%; stroke, 34%; disuse syndrome secondary to acute illness, 11%; others, 8%), 1,288 and 4,555 were from the KRW/RD+ and KRW/RD− groups, respectively. At discharge, KRW/RD+ patients had higher FIM (93 vs. 90) and BMI (17.1 vs. 17.0 kg/m2) than did KRW/RD− patients. Multivariable analysis showed that assignment of dedicated RDs (B=0.213, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.036-0.389), number of nurses (B=0.023, 95% CI, 0.003-0.043), and daily rehabilitation dose were significantly associated with changes in body weight. Furthermore, these factors positively affected BMI at discharge. Number of nurses and rehabilitation dose correlated with FIM, but assignment of RDs did not correlate with FIM. In conclusion, assignment of RDs, nurses, and sufficient rehabilitation dose may contribute to BMI gain. Nurses and daily rehabilitation dose may positively affect functional recovery.