著者

近藤 康史

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.36-59,263, 2006 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

57

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In the study of comparative politics, we need a theory that is applicable in analyzing of a ‘political change’ or ‘institutional change’. This article attempts to gain a view of such comparative politics theory, focusing on ‘ideational approaches’. Through the review of existing various ideational approaches in political science, this article argues the potential of ideational approaches for analysis of political change.First, for ideational approaches, it is necessary to highlight not only the existence of ideas per se but also the function of ideas in the political processes. Specifically, we need to focus on the process in which an idea gains wide support from various political actors and thereby coalitions for a political change are built. Second, in case of such coalition building, we need to specify the influences of an idea from the point of view of ‘preference formation’. Third, for more persuasiveness, it is important to take into account the interrelation between ideas and institutions. Finally, this article discusses the possibility of ideational approaches that mediate rationalists, culturalists, and structuralists in comparative politics.

著者

Harun alRasyid LUbis

出版者

Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

雑誌

Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

巻号頁・発行日

pp.329, 2009 (Released:2010-08-25)

被引用文献数

5

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Excessive growth of motorcycle in Indonesia resulting a problematic to the society particularly road users. Three motorcycles market rank are China, India then Indonesia. Aggressively, motorcycles industries expanded their manufacturing capacity to meet the local market and overseas, as well as dealers and agents were intensively conducting distribution and tempted marketing. Social and economic impacts of motorcycles use may include: economics growth, traffic accident, traffic jam and the environment impacts. This paper outlines some policy instruments that are possibly applied to control motorcycles negativity impact. Besides its utility, motorcycles growth and usage need to be restricted, effective policy instruments should be sought in order to minimize risk and protect the public interests. Some research agendas for the continuation of the study are also outlined.

著者

桑原 晴子

出版者

日本箱庭療法学会

雑誌

箱庭療法学研究 (ISSN:09163662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.3-15, 2015 (Released:2016-02-08)

参考文献数

15

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本論文は,緘黙傾向の不登校中学生女子の箱庭療法過程を提示し,場面緘黙の箱庭療法においてどのように身体的側面が意義をもつのかを検討することを目的とする。箱庭のイメージ内容の変化,箱庭制作時のリズムという身体的側面,そして箱庭療法のプロセスで生成する身体症状の3側面に意味深い連関が見られた。イメージ内容では,砂あるいは世界を水で分割し同時につなげることが繰り返された。また箱庭を制作する際に多様なリズムが生まれ,そのリズムを生み出すことが主体の感覚の生成につながったと思われる。また面接の転機に身体症状が生じたが,これらの身体症状をイメージとして捉えることが重要だと考えられる。そしてJungによる共時性の視座がこれらの相互連関するプロセスを理解し,その自律的展開を見守るうえで意義があることについて考察を行った。

著者

北 潔 山田 陽城

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.2, pp.203-204, 2016 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

5

著者

佐島 進 櫻井 秀彦 我妻 拓哉 佐藤 陽介 早瀬 幸俊

出版者

一般社団法人日本医薬品情報学会

雑誌

医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.118-124, 2015-11-30 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

19

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Objective: Many studies on patient satisfaction are conducted in community pharmacies.  In contrast, the present study assess the community pharmacy function and to the best of our knowledge, appears to be the first to evaluate the professional functions of pharmacists.Methods: In September 2010, in 1 week, we conducted a survey that focused on pharmacists’ professional abilities.  I subjected the responses to factor analysis and covariance structure analysis.Results: We obtained 2,506 effective responses (appropriately completed and returned questionnaires) of the 4,633 questionnaires originally distributed.  Data of seven dimensions were obtained for factor analysis.  In all, the various information provision services rendered by a pharmacist were not significant.  According to the covariance structure analysis, “safety” (a pharmaceutical management item) and “responsiveness” (a complimentary element) were significant factors.  Differences in the degree of influence were confirmed for each parameter in the analysis, depending on the parameter.  In addition, the information provision services were significant during the acute period.Conclusion: Because the information provision services were not significant, the influence of “asymmetric information” warrant further analysis according to the specialty.  I believe that it is necessary to examine asymmetric information in greater detail in the future.  In addition, I think that an interventional study that is based on these results is also necessary.

著者

Shinji Toyota Takao Yamamori Mitsuhiro Asakura Michinori Oki

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.205-213, 2000 (Released:2001-10-31)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

28

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The substituent effect on the rotational barriers of acetylenic to tetrahedral C-C bonds was studied for the title compounds carrying Me or OMe substituents at the 1,4-positions in the 9-triptycyl groups. These compounds were prepared by use of the Diels-Alder and the Sonogashira reactions from a 9-ethynylanthracene derivative. The kinetic parameters were determined by the total lineshape analysis of the signals observed by the variable temperature 1H NMR for five compounds. The rotational barriers are in the range of 9—15 kcal mol-1, and are enhanced as the steric size of the substituents is increased (H < OMe < Me). This substituent effect is attributed to the destabilization of the transition state of the rotation process, where the two triptycyl groups are almost eclipsed about the central axis, by the steric interactions between the peri substituents. The acetylenic carbons are significantly deformed from the linear geometry in the X-ray structure of the tetramethyl compound. The substituent effect on the rotamer population is also discussed with the aid of the MM calculation.

著者

阿河 祐二 今村 博敏 峰晴 陽平 谷 正一 足立 秀光 鳴海 治 坂井 千秋 佐藤 慎祐 浅井 克則 柴田 帝式 森本 貴昭 清水 寛平 坂井 信幸

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本脳神経血管内治療学会

雑誌

Journal of Neuroendovascular Therapy (ISSN:18824072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.254-259, 2015 (Released:2015-11-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 2

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要旨 【目的】大腿静脈穿刺による経静脈的塞栓術(transvenous embolization; TVE)が困難な海綿静脈洞部硬膜動静脈瘻(cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula; CSdAVF)に対して,シルビウス静脈を直接穿刺しTVE を行った症例を経験したので報告する.【症例】72 歳,女性.眼球結膜充血の精査でCSdAVF と診断した.主な流出路はシルビウス静脈への逆流であり,右側頭葉に無症候性の脳内出血を認めた.下錐体静脈洞経由など大腿静脈からはアクセスできず,開頭下にシルビウス静脈を留置針で直接穿刺し,術中脳血管撮影を併用してTVE を行い,シャントを閉塞した.【結論】シルビウス静脈への逆流が多く大腿静脈穿刺によるTVE が困難なCSdAVF は,シルビウス静脈の直接穿刺がアプローチルートとして有用であると考えられた.

著者

Masayuki Kato Mitsuhiko Noda Hiroshi Suga Masahiko Matsumoto Yasunori Kanazawa

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.6, pp.857-861, 2010 (Released:2010-01-13)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

8 19 19

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Aim: In 2003, the American Diabetes Association recommended that the threshold for diagnosing impaired fasting glucose (IFG) should be lowered from 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) to 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL). To discuss the diagnostic threshold for IFG, the association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the risk of future diabetes must be known; however, data regarding this relation in the Japanese population are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between FPG and the risk of future diabetes in the Japanese general population.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from annual health check-ups performed in Omiya city. A total of 11,369 subjects between the ages of 40-79 years who were not dia-betic at baseline were followed for seven years. Diabetes was defined as FPG ≥126 mg/dL or self-report.Results: The incidence of diabetes increased as the baseline FPG level increased and a similar pattern was observed irrespective of sex or age. The hazard ratios compared with subjects with FPG <85 mg/ dL adjusted for possible confounding factors were 3.83 (95% confidence interval (95% CI); 2.41-6.08) for subjects with 100 to 104 mg/dL FPG and 7.97 (95% CI; 4.98-12.4) for subjects with 105 to 109 mg/dL FPG.Conclusions: Subjects with 100-109 mg/dL FPG have an appreciable risk of diabetes that cannot be considered as “normal” and should be notified of their potential risk of developing diabetes.

著者

神島 二郎

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.7-24,en1, 1977-03-31 (Released:2009-12-21)

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Until recently in Japan, theories of “domination” (shihai), “conflict” (toso), and “autonomy” (jichi) have been the most utilized conceptual tools in political science research. However, when one applies these theoretical constructs in an attempt to analyze actual political phenomena as they exist in society, there are inevitably things which cannot be adequately explained by these models. In the past, it was often convenient to claim that since we are dealing with a “backward country where cultural standards are lower, one has to expect a certain degree of irrationalism.” I do not believe this explanation is persuasive any longer; rather, the problem is that our conceptual tools are inadequate for understanding Japanese political culture fully.Given this perspective, it is possible to observe from the outset that considerable theoretical confusion persists among these three conceptual tools listed above, and in some instances, extraneous factors have been included. For example, when autonomy is rendered not as self-determination, but as “self-government, ” this is because it has been transformed by the concept of domination. This suggests that it would be valuable not only to distinguish clearly among these three different theoretical constructs, but to abstract from existing reality whatever other tools or theories are necessary for enhancing our understanding. If we were to do this, the following types of theoretical approaches could be developed.Let us list three major concepts: “involution” (kikyo), “assimilation” (doka) and “karma.” These represent three principles which are at the very roots of political culture in Japan, China and India. Since it is a relatively simple matter to identify the basic elements of a particular political culture, one might easily jump to the conclusion that all political cultures can be reduced to a single basic principle. However, this is not the case, and one would be well advised to consider that political cultures are rooted in a series of highly complex principles. Moreover, for each of these principles we can identify seven basic components: ultima ratio (kirifuda), structure, organization, movements, values, change and the social base, and this sheds light on the manner in which these complex elements are intertwined. If we apply these potentially very useful tools to the task of deciphering the reality we perceive around us, the range of our capacity to explain the various existing political and social phenomena which we encounter will be significantly expanded.While political movements are often described as political processes, and political processes are often rendered as developing political conditions, I argue that the overall developmental process of political conditions can be seen as taking a definite form. I call the “place” (ba) in which political conditions develop a fixed “magnetic field” (jiba). We can distinguish three different types of magnetic fields: unipolar, bipolar and multipolar. Moreover, presumably there is some degree of correspondence, between these three types of magnetic fields and the six basic elements that make up society, and with the special characteristics emerging from the way these elements are combined. For example, we can hypothesize that the principles of “karma” and “involution” correspond to the unipolar field; “conflict” and “domination” correspond to the bipolar field; and “assimilation” and “autonomy” correspond to the multipolar field. These elements can be broken down further by distinguishing between the six basic ingredients depending on whether they are diffusive or cohesive, and dividing them into two categories accordingly. It is my hypothesis that if, among the six elements,

著者

新倉 ちさと

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.156-157, 2013-03-10 (Released:2013-03-22)

著者

Kenji Tsuda Kazuaki Sudo Goro Goto Makiko Takai Tatsuo Itokawa Takahiro Isshiki Naoko Takei Tetsuya Tanimoto Tsunehiko Komatsu

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.347-352, 2016 (Released:2016-02-15)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

29

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Objective Adherence to rehabilitation exercise is much lower in patients with hematologic malignancies (22.5-45.8%) than in patients with solid tumors (60-85%) due to the administration of more intensive chemotherapeutic regimens in the former. Virtual reality exercise can be performed even in a biological clean room and it may improve the adherence rates in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Thus, in this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of virtual reality exercise intervention using Nintendo Wii Fit in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy. Methods In this feasibility study, 16 hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies aged ≥60 years performed virtual reality exercise for 20 minutes using the Nintendo Wii Fit once a day, five times a week, from the start of chemotherapy until hospital discharge. The adherence rate, safety, and physical and psychological performances were assessed. Results The adherence rate for all 16 patients was 66.5%. Nine patients completed the virtual reality exercise intervention with 88 sessions, and the adherence rate was 62.0%. No intervention-related adverse effects >Grade 2, according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0, were observed. We noted maintenance of the physical performance (e.g., Barthel index, handgrip strength, knee extension strength, one-leg standing time, and the scores of timed up and go test and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) and psychosocial performance (e.g., score of hospital anxiety and depression scale). Conclusion Virtual reality exercise using the Wii Fit may be feasible, safe and efficacious, as demonstrated in our preliminary results, for patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy.

著者

山村 恵子 倉田 寛行 重野 克郎 長田 孝司 足立 雄三 長谷川 嘉哉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

雑誌

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌 (ISSN:21852928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.45-48, 2011 (Released:2015-11-25)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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目的 : 診察時に医師がワーファリン服用患者の最新のPT-INR (Prothrombin Time-International Normalized Ratio : PT-INR) と服薬状況を把握するため, クリニックと薬局の間でPT-INRモニタリング情報共有システムを構築し, システム機能を検証する. 方法 : 患者は医療機関受診前に薬局でPT-INR簡易迅速測定器にてPT-INR自己測定する. 薬局薬剤師はPT-INR, 服薬状況を確認し施設間連絡票 (連絡票) を作成する. 医師は患者から提出された連絡票を参考に診察, 処方を行ない, 連絡票に診察情報を記載し患者に返す. 薬剤師は薬局を再訪した患者が持参した処方せん, 連絡票に基づき調剤, 服薬指導を行なう. 結果 : 薬局にて患者の誤った思い込みによるコンプライアンス不良例を抽出できた. 患者情報の共有により処方量変更なく, 服薬指導にて治療域に到達した. 結果 : 診察時に最新のPT-INR値を患者・医師・薬剤師が共有する本システムは, 通院患者のワーファリン処方量調節の迅速化に有用であり, 患者の利益に寄与すると考えた.

著者

佐藤 徹哉 山本 紀和 中村 誠

出版者

社団法人 日本写真学会

雑誌

日本写真学会誌 (ISSN:03695662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.191-196, 2006-06-25 (Released:2011-02-17)

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世界初の有効840万画素16: 9CCD, 広角28mm相当からの光学4倍の光学式手プレ補正 (O.I.S.: Optical Image Stabilizer) 搭載Leica DC Vario-Elmaritレンズを搭載したDMC-LX1により, 撮影アスペクト比を操る楽しみをはじめとする新たな楽しさの提案を行った.新開発のレンズとCCDをはじめとする要素技術とデザインが一体となって商品開発を行って, コンパクトサイズを犠牲にすることなくクリエイティブコンパクトモデルと称するにふさわしい表現力を備えたカメラを実現した. ユーザアンケートの結果では, 購入者の多くが新たな16: 9での撮影に満足されている一方で, 4: 3での撮影と併せて, 撮影アスペクト比を一つの表現手段として使う様子が伺われた.

著者

杉山 敏郎 岡野 寛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.574, pp.357-361, 1941-07-20 (Released:2008-04-11)

被引用文献数

2 1

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本邦には三葉蟲類の尾部が北上及び阿武隈兩山地の二疊紀から夫々知られ, 大體廣義のPhilipsiaに同定せられてゐた。最近此外に石炭紀・泥盆紀及びゴトランド紀層からも夫々發見せらるるに至つた。本報告では北上の中里統から産出したPhacopsの尾部の記載をした。この標本は狹義のPhacopsに同定され, 殊にP., latifronsに酷似する諸性質を帶びてゐる。この泥盆紀産の三葉蟲の報告は本邦では初めてである。

著者

伊藤 隆 伊藤 格郎 伊藤 冨美雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医師会

雑誌

日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.107-110, 1986-02-20 (Released:2011-06-17)

参考文献数

15

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小規模なアンゴラウサギ飼育農家で, くしゃみ, 鼻汁の漏出, 鼻性呼吸を主徴とするスナッフルが発生し, 繁殖および育成用ウサギを問わず, ほぼ全頭に発症が確認された.この中で最も臨床症状が重い5頭を淘汰し, 病性鑑定を行った.共通した肉眼所見として, 鼻腔および副鼻腔の粘液貯留が認められた.細菌検査では, 鼻腔ぬぐい液からBordetella bronchisotica (B.bronchisotica) とPasteurella multocida (P.multocida) が高率に分離された.また, 組織学的に鼻腔粘膜のカタール性炎, 鼻甲介骨の破壊吸収像がみられた.29頭の鼻腔ぬぐい液の細菌検査で25頭からB.bronchisoticaが, 5頭からEmultocidaが多量に分離された.B.bronchisoticaの抗体検査では繁殖用ウサギで幾何平均 (GM) 98.8倍, 育成用ウサギで25.2倍と高い抗体価を示し, B.bronchisoticaが広く浸潤していた.

著者

牛島 稔大 河合 透 長尾 和哉 高瀬 公三 種子野 章 山田 進二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医師会

雑誌

日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, pp.390-393, 1994-06-20 (Released:2011-06-17)

参考文献数

11

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熊本県および大分県内の6養豚場における2週齢豚26頭, 4週齢豚29頭および8~12週齢豚48頭, 計103頭について鼻粘膜から Bordetella bronchseptica (Bb) および Paseurella multocida (Pm) の分離を試みBb凝集抗体価を測定した. Bbは103頭中26頭から分離され, 菌分離陽性例の凝集抗体価は1: 160以下であった. Pmは103頭中55頭から分離され, 菌分離陽性例のBb凝集抗体価は1: 20未満から1: 1, 280であった. 経時的にみると, Bb分離以前にPmが分離される豚群が認められ, Bbの先行感染がなくPmの鼻粘膜定着がおこる例のあることが示唆された.

著者

龜沢 勝利

出版者

北関東医学会

雑誌

北関東医学 (ISSN:00231908)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.293-300, 1955-11-01 (Released:2009-10-15)

参考文献数

16

著者

神保 晴紀 古松 茜 福永 淳 清水 秀樹 錦織 千佳子 山下 純史 皿山 泰子 原田 晋

出版者

日本皮膚科学会大阪地方会・日本皮膚科学会京滋地方会

雑誌

皮膚の科学 (ISSN:13471813)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.278-284, 2014 (Released:2014-11-08)

参考文献数

14

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ニューキノロン系抗菌剤による即時型アレルギーの3例を経験した。ニューキノロン系抗菌剤は構造式上,本環の母核が2環もしくは3環から成るものに大別される。症例1では2環系キノロンのシプロフロキサシンとモキシフロキサシンが,症例2では3環系キノロンのレボフロキサシンとパズフロキサシンが,症例3ではレボフロキサシンとその光学異性体を含むオフロキサシンが,それぞれ感作薬剤と交差反応を示した薬剤であった。抗原決定基は2環系キノロンでは1位側鎖のシクロプロピル基,3環系キノロンではピリドベンゾオキサジン環にあると考えた。同系のキノロン同士では交差反応が生じやすく,他系統間では起こりにくいと考えた。(皮膚の科学,13: 278-284, 2014)

著者

高橋 信一 田中 昭文 徳永 健吾

出版者

一般財団法人 日本消化器病学会

雑誌

日本消化器病学会雑誌 (ISSN:04466586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.8, pp.1273-1282, 2010 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

2

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2009年,日本ヘリコバクター学会から改訂ガイドラインが発表され,そこではすべてのH. pylori感染者に対し除菌を行うよう強く勧められるとされた.H. pylori胃炎を背景として,さまざまな上部消化管疾患や消化管以外の疾患が発症するが,除菌により組織学的胃炎の改善とその後発症する疾患の予防に結びつくことが期待されている.世界の標準除菌治療は,プロトンポンプ阻害剤(PPI)+クラリスロマイシン(CAM)+アモキシシリン(AMPC)もしくはメトロニダゾールによるものだが,CAM耐性菌による除菌率の低下が問題であり,近年,連続療法やラクトフェリンなどによる除菌率上乗せ効果が注目されている.

著者

Kiyohiro OKI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.29-48, 2016-02-15 (Released:2016-02-15)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 6

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This study identifies the usage of the term “mother factory” in the Japanese mass media, Japanese academic research, and non-Japanese academic research and analyzes historical changes in the usage of the term. It indicates that initially, all three groups used the term to mean “a unit that continuously supports overseas factories,” but over time, the term has taken on additional connotations outside of Japanese academic research.