著者
伊藤 康人
出版者
石油技術協会
雑誌
石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.48-57, 2000 (Released:2008-03-27)
参考文献数
44
被引用文献数
6 10

Late Cenozoic tectonic history around the southern part of the Japan Sea and Kyushu is reconstructed on the basis of offshore reflection seismic survey and borehole stratigraphy together with geologic information on land. Three tectonic episodes are identified in the study area as follows;(1) Paleomagnetic data suggest that western half of the Japan Sea was generated through Early to Middle Miocene rifting and clockwise rotation of southwest Japan. Seismic profiles around the southern margin of the Japan Sea show extensional grabens filled with late Early Miocene sediments. Coeval deformation in the Fukue Basin off northwestern Kyushu, which is located around rotation pivot of the rifted sliver of southwest Japan, is characterized by right-lateral leaky wrenching along a NNE-SSW structural trend.(2) Southern margin of the Japan Sea suffered extensive inversion around the end of Miocene, probably caused by resumption of subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. ENE-WSW trending folds (San'in Folded Zone) converge into Tsushima Island at the western end of southwest Japan. Shortening of the southern part of the Japan Sea was accommodated by left-lateral movement along the Tsushima-Goto Fault on the western margin of the back-arc basin. In a sharp contrast, Goto-nada and Amakusa-nada Seas, and central Kyushu began to subside with many extensional features in the same period, which may be linked to mantle upwelling.(3) In Quaternary, study area is divided into three tectonic domains: Inner Zone of southwest Japan is characterized by simple shear deformation caused by right-lateral movements on the Median Tectonic Line (MTL). Southern part of the Japan Sea is undulated under E-W compressive stress. Central Kyushu continued to subside alternatively controlled by pull-apart basin formation on the MTL and mantle upwelling.
著者
須藤 英一
出版者
一般社団法人 日本老年医学会
雑誌
日本老年医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009173)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.3, pp.291-293, 2015-07-25 (Released:2015-08-13)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
2

医学生への老年医学の教育は,全国の医学部で老年科を設置している大学は約4分の1といまだ不十分であるがその重要性は指摘されている.しかし医学生以外の医療福祉専門職(看護師,理学療法士,作業療法士,言語聴覚士等)の学生への老年学の体系的講義は各施設に委ねられており,端緒についたばかりである.当大学で作業療法学科の学生へ15回/年の老年学の講義を行い,アンケート調査を行った.老年学を学ぶのは初めての学生が多く,半数近くが講義前と講義後ではイメージが変わったと答え,学外の高齢者施設,サービスの見学を多くの学生が希望していた.また講義後に高齢者に対する態度,接し方が変わった学生は半数以上であり,殆どの学生が,老年学がこれからの我が国において必要な学問と考え,全ての医療従事者の講義カリキュラムに必要であるという回答であった.
著者
矢野 博美 田原 英一 田中 祐子 村上 純滋 前田 ひろみ 伊藤 ゆい 吉永 亮 上田 晃三 土倉 潤一郎 井上 博喜 犬塚 央 三潴 忠道
出版者
一般社団法人 日本東洋医学会
雑誌
日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.2, pp.99-106, 2015 (Released:2015-08-12)
参考文献数
10

54歳女性。左大腿ヘルニアが,整復不可能となり,外科で1ヵ月後に左大腿ヘルニア根治術を受けたが,イレウスのため入退院を2度繰り返した。小腸壁の浮腫はあるが,諸検査で器質的な閉塞機転を認めなかった。しかし腹痛が持続するため,当科に転科した。腹痛のために食事が摂れず47kg から37.5kg まで減少したので中心静脈栄養管理を行った。陣痛のような激しい腹痛により額に冷汗を認め,倦怠感のため臥床がちであった。皮膚は枯燥し,脈候は浮,大,弱,濇であった。腹候は腹力弱で,下腹部優位の腹直筋緊張を認め,腹壁から腸の蠕動が観察された。附子粳米湯で治療を開始したが無効で,腸管の蠕動が腹壁から見えることから大建中湯,皮膚枯燥と腹直筋の緊張を認めることから当帰建中湯の証があると考え,中建中湯加当帰に転方したところ,転方5日目から腹痛は消失した。大腿ヘルニア術後の偽性腸閉塞症に漢方治療が有効で試験開腹を免れた。
著者
Kenta Mori Tatsuro Ishida Tomoyuki Yasuda Minoru Hasokawa Tomoko Monguchi Maki Sasaki Kensuke Kondo Hideto Nakajima Masakazu Shinohara Toshiro Shinke Yasuhiro Irino Ryuji Toh Kunihiro Nishimura Ken-ichi Hirata
出版者
日本循環器学会
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CJ-14-0750, (Released:2015-07-13)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
8 39

Background:Adverse effects of dietary intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) on the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) are well recognized in Western countries. The risk of TFA, however, has not been well clarified in Japan. We investigated the association of serum TFA concentration with serum lipid profile, coronary risk factors, and prevalence of CAD.Methods and Results:A total of 902 patients, who were hospitalized at Kobe University Hospital from July 2008 to March 2012 and gave written informed consent, were enrolled in this study. Among them, 463 patients had CAD, and 318 patients had metabolic syndrome (MetS). Serum TFA, elaidic acid (trans-9-C18:1) and linolelaidic acid (trans-9, 12-C18:2), were measured on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Serum TFA level had a positive correlation with body mass index, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B48, and an inverse correlation with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Fasting serum TFA, by age quartile in the young generation with CAD and/or MetS, was higher than that in patients without CAD and/or MetS. On multivariate logistic regression, TFA was identified as a CAD risk after adjustment for classical risk factors.Conclusions:Serum TFA concentration was elevated in young patients with CAD and/or MetS. Diet-derived TFA may cause a serious health problem, particularly in the young generation in Japan.
著者
渥美 聡孝 上原 直子 河崎 亮一 大塚 功 垣内 信子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本東洋医学会
雑誌
日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.2, pp.155-164, 2015 (Released:2015-08-12)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
2

漢方薬は医師の7割以上が日常的に処方しており,日本の医療の中で重要な要素となっているが,薬学の分野における漢方教育は確立の途上である。薬学生の漢方に対する認識を把握し,卒後も自主学習できる実践的な漢方教育のあり方を考えるため,本学薬学生を対象にアンケート調査を行った。その結果,漢方に関心のある学生は80.8%,大学で漢方を勉強する価値があると答えた学生は91.1%であり,学生は漢方に対して高い関心を持っていた。しかし漢方を「患者に紹介する自信はない(60.2%)」という,関心の高さに反して漢方の知識が身についていないことも明らかとなった。自由回答からは,1~4年までは生薬に実際に触れる体験型の講義を,5~6年生は症例検討会や西洋薬との薬物相互作用などの臨床に関する講義を希望していることが明らかとなった。変化する学生の興味を認識し,授業を行うことで,学生の学習意欲を向上させることができると考えられた。
著者
Masanori YOSHINO Toki SAITO Taichi KIN Daichi NAKAGAWA Hirofumi NAKATOMI Hiroshi OYAMA Nobuhito SAITO
出版者
社団法人 日本脳神経外科学会
雑誌
Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.tn.2014-0278, (Released:2015-07-28)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
9

Three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics (CG) are useful for preoperative planning of neurosurgical operations. However, application of 3D CG to intraoperative navigation is not widespread because existing commercial operative navigation systems do not show 3D CG in sufficient detail. We have developed a microscopic optically tracking navigation system that uses high-resolution 3D CG. This article presents the technical details of our microscopic optically tracking navigation system. Our navigation system consists of three components: the operative microscope, registration, and the image display system. An optical tracker was attached to the microscope to monitor the position and attitude of the microscope in real time; point-pair registration was used to register the operation room coordinate system, and the image coordinate system; and the image display system showed the 3D CG image in the field-of-view of the microscope. Ten neurosurgeons (seven males, two females; mean age 32.9 years) participated in an experiment to assess the accuracy of this system using a phantom model. Accuracy of our system was compared with the commercial system. The 3D CG provided by the navigation system coincided well with the operative scene under the microscope. Target registration error for our system was 2.9 ± 1.9 mm. Our navigation system provides a clear image of the operation position and the surrounding structures. Systems like this may reduce intraoperative complications.
著者
豊田 正武 伊藤 誉志男 一色 賢司 大西 和夫 加藤 丈夫 神蔵 美枝子 白石 美子 原田 行雄 深澤 喜延 横山 剛 米田 孟弘 平山 佳伸 山本 芳子 藤井 正美 慶田 雅洋
出版者
公益社団法人 日本栄養・食糧学会
雑誌
日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.6, pp.489-497, 1983 (Released:2009-11-16)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
3 4

1) 1982年11月上旬~中旬に, 厚生省の食品添加物1日摂取量調査方式 (マーケットバスケット方式) に従い, 各種食品を, 東京で大手スーパーより, 東京, 大阪で中堅スーパーより, 仙台, 和歌山, 北九州で中小スーパーより, 札幌, 山梨, 長野, 島根で地元小売店より購入し, 1人1日喫食量に相当する試料量を採取し, 8食品群ごとに集め, 各種食品添加物含量を分析し, 1日摂取量を求めた。2) 48品目の各種食品添加物の10機関の平均1日総摂取量は119.8mgであり, 個々の食品添加物の平均1日摂取量は, プロピレングリコール43mg, ソルビン酸36.3mg, 硝酸35.5mg, 安息香酸1.44mg, グリチルリチン酸1.39mg, サッカリンナトリウム0.91mg, プロピオン酸0.60mg, パラオキシ安息香酸エステル類0.23mg, デヒドロ酢酸0.19mg, 合成着色料0.096mg, 亜硫酸0.073mg, BHT0.023mg, 亜硝酸0.018mg, BHA0.001mgであった。3) 各種食品添加物の1日摂取量のADIに対する割合は, 天然由来も含む硝酸以外0~3%の範囲内にあり, 購入先の規模別では, 地元小売店の食品で保存料, 甘味料が多く, 中堅スーパーでは添加物含量が若干低い傾向が見られた。
著者
Tamotsu Tsurumachi Yoriyuki Hirano Akiko Hira Yasuyo Aida Bunnai Ogiso
出版者
日本大学歯学部
雑誌
Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.157-160, 2015 (Released:2015-06-10)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
7

When a primary tooth sustains a traumatic injury, development of the permanent tooth can be disturbed, leading to various malformations. This case report details the 7-year follow-up of a developmental anomaly of a central mandibular incisor in a 10-year-old Japanese girl with a history of dental trauma that had occurred at age 4. The trauma had resulted in unusual crown dilaceration in the permanent successor, which exhibited a discoloured and abnormal crown morphology. Radiographic examination revealed crown dilaceration of the tooth, which had a curved root canal. (J Oral Sci 57, 157-160, 2015)
著者
Katsuyoshi Tsunori
出版者
日本大学歯学部
雑誌
Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.131-136, 2015 (Released:2015-06-10)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1 12

This study investigated the effects of administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) at different dosages and schedules on bone regeneration in critical-size bone defects in rat calvariae. After calvarial defects had been prepared in 50 rats, they were divided into five treatment groups: 15 µg/kg PTH daily (PTH-15), 35 µg/kg PTH three times per week (PTH-35), 105 µg/kg once per week (PTH-105-1), 105 µg/kg three times per week (PTH-105-3), and controls given vehicle alone. Bone regeneration was evaluated radiographically using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) or histologically. The amount of newly generated bone in the calvarial defects was found to be significantly greater in the PTH groups than in the control group, and did not differ significantly among the PTH-15, PTH-35, and PTH-105-1 groups, whereas the PTH-105-3 group showed a significantly greater degree of new bone formation than the other PTH groups. It appeared that a higher dose of PTH stimulated a greater degree of bone regeneration in this experimental setting. The present results also suggest that the total dose of PTH administered is significantly related to the amount of bone regenerated within a defined period, indicating that less frequent administration of PTH might be a feasible protocol for bone regeneration therapy. (J Oral Sci 57, 131-136, 2015)
著者
Hiroyasu Kurokawa Toshiki Takamizawa Akitomo Rikuta Keishi Tsubota Masashi Miyazaki
出版者
日本大学歯学部
雑誌
Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.101-108, 2015 (Released:2015-06-10)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
3 15

In this clinical study, we evaluated the 3-year clinical performance of a resin composite containing a surface-prereacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler (Beautifil II; Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan) placed with a single-step self-etch adhesive (BeautiBond; Shofu Inc.) in posterior restorations. Using modified US Public Health Service criteria, two experienced investigators performed clinical evaluations at the baseline, 6 months, 18 months, and 3 years. Color match, marginal adaptation, anatomical form, surface roughness, marginal discoloration, postoperative sensitivity, and secondary caries were evaluated. After 3 years, 26 patients attended the recall and 31 restorations were evaluated. No postoperative sensitivity or secondary caries was observed at any time point, and no restorations failed during the follow-up period. However, surface roughness, marginal adaptation, and marginal discoloration showed deterioration after 3 years. In conclusion, although some clinical changes were observed, resin composite containing S-PRG filler placed with self-etch adhesive exhibited acceptable clinical behavior in posterior restorations. (J Oral Sci 57, 101-108, 2015)

1 0 0 0 OA 英語の語形成

著者
米倉 綽
出版者
近代英語協会
雑誌
近代英語研究 (ISSN:21864381)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1993, no.9, pp.53-65, 1993-06-26 (Released:2012-07-06)
参考文献数
34
著者
武村 啓住 細 正博 由久保 弘明 井上 悟 兼盛 淑子 立野 勝彦
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.71-76, 2001 (Released:2001-12-27)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
7 7

目的 : ラット膝関節拘縮モデルを用い、関節構成体である関節包や関節軟骨がどのような変化を起こしているのかを組織学的に観察し、検討した。対象と方法 : 9週齢のWistar系雄ラット3匹の右後肢を股関節最大伸展、膝関節最大屈曲位、足関節最大低屈位、にて固定し固定群とした。左後肢は自由にし対照群とした。採取した膝関節をホルマリン液にて組織固定し、脱灰後パラフィン包埋し標本を作製した。染色はヘマトキシリン · エオジン染色とエラスチカ · ワンギーソン染色を行い、光学顕微鏡下にて関節包、関節軟骨の病理組織学的観察を行った。結果 : 固定群では対照群に比べて関節包の厚さが減少し、線維性結合織が粗性から密性へと質的に変化して弾性線維は減少していた。また固定群では関節軟骨表層の線維増生と考えられる変化が観察された。結論 : 以上の変化は関節構成体である関節包、関節軟骨の萎縮と考えられ、この概念提起が有効であれば、筋や骨と同様関節包、関節軟骨にも廃用性萎縮の概念が適用できる可能性が示唆された。
著者
中田 亜希子 田中 美穂 小松 明
出版者
日本社会薬学会
雑誌
社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.1, pp.36-42, 2014-06-10 (Released:2015-08-11)
参考文献数
8

Placebo is commonly used in clinical trials but it is also used in clinical practice. However, it is difficult to get informed consent for the placebo use from patients in clinical practice. Thus, placebo use in such occasion can lead to an ethical problem. We have previously reported the current use of placebo and the psychological conflict of doctors and nurses about the use of placebo treatments in the actual medical settings. However, to date, no study has reported the perception of pharmacists, some of whom prepare and explain the use of placebo medicines to patients, as their medication. We conducted a survey of the current use of placebo in clinical practice and the perception of pharmacists regarding its use in 3 hospitals based on anonymous self-report questionnaire as a pilot study prior to a nationwide survey. We administered the questionnaire to 92 pharmacists belonging to 3 hospital pharmacies between July 2 and 24, 2012. Of the 92 pharmacists, 84 (91.3%) returned the questionnaire, then we analyzed the data by descriptive statistics and a contingency table. Our results showed that 54.8% of the pharmacists had experience of placebo use in medical settings, and 9.9% of them had instructed on the use of placebo ; while 43.2% of them (answered that they feel uncomfortable with the use of placebos in clinical settings) tended to feel antipathy toward the use of placebos in clinical practice. While the use of placebos in medical setting may have a potential ethical issue, 66.7% of the pharmacists considered that placebo use in clinical settings is not necessarily unethical. Pharmacists who had previously discussed this issue with other staff thought that placebo use in clinical practice is unethical (p=0.009).
著者
井上 裕 森田 夕貴 斉藤 麗美 天野 留美子 沼尻 幸彦 金本 郁男 杉林 堅次
出版者
日本社会薬学会
雑誌
社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.1, pp.30-35, 2014-06-10 (Released:2015-08-11)
参考文献数
17

In 2012, the external prescription rate was 66.1% of the national average. A dispensing doctor is recognized by the escape clauses of Article 22 of the Medical Law, Article 21 of the Dentist Medical Law, and Article 19 of the Pharmacists Act. In this study, the medicine inventories of dispensing doctors and pharmacies were compared. The medicine supplies of 7 dispensing doctors and 11 pharmacies in Saitama were classified according to the medicinal effects. We also investigated the conditions in which high-risk medicines, poisons, or drugs were stored. The average number of medicines in the medicine inventory of a dispensing doctor was 262.3 (range : 99, 439), whereas the average number of medicines in the medicine inventory of a pharmacy was 1179.7 (minimum, 275 ; maximum, 1980). Further, among these medicines, there were an average of 41.0 high-risk medicines (minimum, 18 ; maximum, 76) in the inventory of a dispensing doctor and an average of 176.7 high-risk medicines (minimum, 5 ; maximum, 299) in the inventory of a pharmacy. In addition, poisons (average, 0.3) and narcotics (average, 0.9) were found to be stored by dispensing doctors. The study results revealed that pharmacies as well as dispensing doctors stored high-risk medicines. The dispensing doctor may be indirectly associated with critical medical accidents to need cross-check by pharmacist exceedingly high-risk medicine. Thus, for patients to use medicines appropriately and for them to be reassured of the safety of medicines, only professionals such as pharmacists, rather than doctors, should dispense medicines.

1 0 0 0 OA 有限要素法

著者
戸川 隼人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会
雑誌
圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.5, pp.289-296, 1973-09-25 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
11
著者
野呂瀬 崇彦 木村 雄太 野津 諭志 櫻井 秀彦
出版者
日本社会薬学会
雑誌
社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.1, pp.15-20, 2014-06-10 (Released:2015-08-11)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
1

A “Okusuri-techo,” which refers to a prescription record, is utilized in medical institutions as an information tool necessary for the prevention of side effects, drug-interaction, and/or in case of emergency medication. However, the record is not shared sufficiently between patients and pharmacists and thus remains underutilized. To explore how the record could be used more effectively, a survey was conducted with the pharmacists of 73 community pharmacies that were members of the Otaru Pharmaceutical Association, and patients who received prescriptive medicines from these pharmacies. A total of 148 pharmacists and 157 patients responded. Approximately 80.9% of the patient group responded that the prescription record was useful, whereas 100% of the pharmacists answered that it was helpful. In the cross-analysis of the patients’ responses, the presentation of the prescription record to medical staff was correlated with the degree of helpfulness of the record. It was suggested that the function and effective usage of the record were rarely shared between patients and pharmacists. Sufficient understanding of the value and effective usage of such a record will therefore promote its active utilization among patients and pharmacists.
著者
佐藤 和夫 岩本 博幸 出村 克彦
出版者
地域農林経済学会
雑誌
農林業問題研究 (ISSN:03888525)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.37-49, 2001-06-25 (Released:2011-09-05)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
9 9

Recently, Japanese consumers have become very anxious about food safety, including the safety of rice, their staple food. Therefore, there seems to be a potential demand for rice produced with reduced amounts of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, nevertheless such kinds of rice are not in adequate supply. In this situation, rice producers in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, are trying to improve the competitiveness of “Hokkaido rice” through producing safer rice. A “Choice Based Conjoint Analysis” was conducted to reveal the Japanese consumers' preference for the safety of rice, particularly rice produced in Hokkaido. The results show that Hokkaido rice could be more preferred than rice produced in other parts of Japan, which is said to be tastier than Hokkaido rice, if it were produced with reduced amounts of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Although there is a potential demand for safer rice, those who highly prefer the safer rice of Hokkaido are consumers with relatively low incomes. For that reason, rice producers in Hokkaido should address their product to them by supplying rice with a certain level of safety at reasonable prices instead of producing rice with a high level of safety at higher prices.
著者
関 孝弘 森村 茂 重松 亨 前田 浩 木田 建次
出版者
公益財団法人 日本醸造協会
雑誌
日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.98, no.12, pp.869-874, 2003-12-15 (Released:2011-09-20)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
1 1

S-180をddYマウスの背部に皮下移植し固形腫瘍を形成したマウスに, 0.1%, 0。3%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%焼酎粕を添加した実験食, および0.3%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1。5%醸造酢を添加した実験食を投与し, 抗腫瘍活性評価を行った。その結果, 焼酎粕に関しては0.3%以上, 醸造酢に関しては0.5%以上飼料に添加することにより, 1%有意で腫瘍体積の増加を抑制した。また, 腫瘍の増殖を抑制した結果, それらの群では明らかな延命効果を確認することができた。さらに, 0.5%, 1.5%焼酎粕および0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%醸造酢添加の実験食群では腫瘍が完全に退縮したマウスを確認した。以上の結果から, 焼酎粕および焼酎粕から製造した醸造酢は, 食事投与により少なくとも腫瘍増殖抑制作用としての抗腫瘍活性を有することが明らかとなった。したがって, 我々が製造した醸造酢は, 抗腫瘍効果を有する機能性食品の1つであると言える。
著者
山路 加津代 長野 正信 丸山 征郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本栄養・食糧学会
雑誌
日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.89-93, 2001-04-10 (Released:2009-12-10)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1

くろずは鹿児島県に伝わる独特の製法による米酢であり, 健康食品として長期間用いられてきた。本研究においてわれわれはくろずのDPPHラジカル消去活性と, ヒトLDLにおける抗酸化作用について検討した。われわれはくろずがDPPHラジカルを直接消去することを明らかにし, また, 銅イオン惹起LDL酸化反応を濃度依存的に抑制することを明らかにした。これらの結果ば, くろずの摂取が生体内酸化を抑制し, 動脈硬化の発症を抑制しうることを示唆していると考えられる。