著者
Tatsuya SASAKI Kensuke MURAKAMI Atsushi SAITO Shinya HARYU Masayuki KAMEYAMA Yoshiharu TAKAHASHI Satoru TAKAMURO Nana KATO Toshiki ENDO
出版者
The Japan Neurosurgical Society
雑誌
Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2023-0007, (Released:2023-06-28)
参考文献数
24

The usefulness of transcranial motor evoked potentials (Tc-MEPs) in clipping surgery has been reported. However, numerous false positive and false negative cases were reported. We report the usefulness of a new protocol compared with direct cortical MEP (Dc-MEP).Materials were 351 patients who underwent aneurysmal clipping under simultaneous monitoring of Tc- and Dc-MEPs. A total of 337 patients without hemiparesis and 14 with hemiparesis were separately analyzed. Intraoperative changes of Tc-MEP thresholds were examined in the first 50 patients without hemiparesis. The stimulation strength of Tc-MEP was set at +20% of the stimulation threshold. As thresholds changed intraoperatively, thresholds were examined every 10 min and changed stimulation strength.Stimulation thresholds of Tc-MEP were significantly decreased after craniotomy and significantly increased after CSF aspiration. The recording ratios of Tc- and Dc-MEPs were 98.8% and 90.5%, respectively. Out of 304 patients without MEP change, 5 patients developed transient or mild hemiparesis with infarction of the territory of the perforating artery arising from the posterior communicating artery. Out of 31 patients whose MEP transiently disappeared, 3 patients developed transient or mild hemiparesis. The other two patients without MEP recovery manifested persistent hemiparesis. In 14 patients with preoperative hemiparesis, 3 patients whose healthy/affected ratio of Tc-MEP was large developed severe persistent hemiparesis.We clarified the intraoperative changes of Tc-MEP thresholds for the first time. A new protocol of Tc-MEP that followed thresholds and changed stimulation strength to +20% of thresholds is useful for stable monitoring. The usefulness of Tc-MEP is the same as that or better than that of Dc-MEP.
著者
朝比奈 菊雄 峯尾 章伍 吉田 光雄
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.9, pp.1115-1119, 1955-09-25 (Released:2010-02-19)
参考文献数
1

Using the usual tabletting machine used in the factory and without changing the amount of granules supplied, two kinds of granules were submitted to tabletting at a constant tabletting speed, the same mortar volume, and in three positions of the upper pounder (giving three different thicknesses of tablet), and correlation between the forming pressure measured and various characters of the products was examined. From such results, following points were clarified:1) Naturally, there was no relation between pressure and weight of the tablet but differentiation by the position of the upper pounder (thickness of tablets) showed that there existed a positive correlation within each stratum. Appearance of such correlation in the case of one of the granules was found to be the interference of the change in the amount of granules supplied into the factor of the position of the upper pounder.2) There is a negative correlation between pressure and thickness but differentiation by the thickness indicated the presence of a positive correlation. This indicates that there is a positive correlation between weight and thickness.3) There is positive correlation between pressure and the quotient of weight by thickness.4) There is a positive correlation between pressure and compressive strength.5) Within the conditions used in the present experiments, no difference was found in the results from two kinds of granules.
著者
佐藤 英明
出版者
神戸大学
雑誌
奨励研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
1995

(1)アメリカの連邦遺産税と比較した場合、現在のわが国の相続税の下での非居住者への相続税は、無制限納税義務者たる居住者の場合ときわめて相違点が少ないという特徴が浮かび上がってくる。これは諸控除等の適用に関して顕著であるが、その他、日本の相続税負担がかなり重いことを考えると、租税回避に対応する規定等を整備する必要が強調される。(2)日本が現在結んでいる唯一の相続税条約であるいわゆる日米相続税条約は、相続される財産の所在を条約によって細かく決定し、それをもとに両国の課税権を決定していくという発想にもとづく所在地型条約である。しかし、1970年代以降は、被相続人の住所地をまず決定し、それをもとに各国の課税権の範囲・内容を決定していく住所地型条約が、国際的には一般化してきている。(3)わが国のように相続人の住所地によって制限納税義務者と無制限納税義務者とを区別する相続税法を有する国が、アメリカのように被相続人の国籍および住所地によって両者を区別する遺産税制の国と、住所地型条約を締結する場合には、相続人等に無制限納税義務を課す国がない場合が生じる可能性や、一見対等に見える条約により、わが国の課税権が実際上大きな制約を被る可能性が存在する。後者の問題を回避するためには、国内法において、特別な場合には、被相続人の住所地が日本である場合にも相続人に無制限納税義務を課す制度を設けることが必要であるが、そのような対処を行なうにあたっては、わが国の相続税法が遺産取得税という考え方にもとづいていることとの関係で、慎重な検討が必要である。
著者
坂本 拓弥
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.13008, (Released:2013-08-13)
参考文献数
53
被引用文献数
5 3

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the formation process of body culture, i.e., gestures and behavior, of physical education teachers in Japan based on phenomenological body theory, and to present a theoretical basis for the most desirable “PE teacher identity”. It has been pointed out that PE teacher body culture has a variety of influences on students. However, how a teacher acquires body culture has never been sufficiently considered. Therefore the paper focuses on the phenomenological body theory that suggests the relationship between habits and the perceptual experience of body culture formation. The main points of discussion are as follows: Previous studies have shown that the image of the PE teacher as a coach has been well established, and that clarification of the process of body culture formation is warranted. In previous studies, the body culture of PE teachers has been discussed mainly in terms of ‘habitus’. However, it has not been clarified how individual PE teachers embody such a culture. Phenomenological body theory indicates that acquisition of habit involves reworking and renewal of the body schema through perception influenced by culture. Based on this, analysis of corporal punishment as a typical example of body culture in school athletic clubs can be used to clarify the model formation of PE teacher's body culture. PE teachers' thoughts and behavior are unconsciously formed as a “body schema” through experience of school athletic clubs where a coach's one-sided method of instruction is almost unconditionally accepted by students striving to acquire athletic success. In conclusion, “PE teacher identity” is formed on the basis of original body culture, and is embodied as a habit through unconscious processes. This is why PE teachers seldom notice their behavior, and thus do not change or improve it. It is only through a “body schema” and perceptual experience that a PE teacher's thoughts and behavior, “PE teacher identity”, can be reconstructed. The possibility of PE teacher body theory can be established on the basis of this viewpoint.
著者
柳 奈津代 佐藤 宏樹 澤田 康文
出版者
日本社会薬学会
雑誌
社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.1, pp.2-16, 2023-06-10 (Released:2023-06-28)
参考文献数
24

Anxiety and difficulty in administering medication to nursery school children has been reported among nursery school teachers. This study aimed to elucidate these issues and explore the possibility of pharmacist support and collaboration. We conducted a postal survey in September 2019 among nursery schools in Tokyo that are categorized as government-authorized schools, certified childcare centers, and prefectural governor-certified schools. A total of 1,537 schools responded to the self-report questionnaires (response rate: 41.2%), and 1,533 responses were analyzed. Of these, 1,488 schools were asked if they would accept requests to administer medication to their school children, and 60.1% of the nursery schools responded that their staff (including teachers and nurses) found it difficult to administer medication. The issues identified included psychological burdens (such as nervousness and pressure about giving the correct medication), staff shortage, insufficient time with the children, and human factors (such as personal perceptions of medication). Additionally, excessive requests to administer medication, caregiver behavior such as low awareness of children’s health and appropriate medication, and poor medication adherence at home were identified as issues. It was suggested that pharmacists could help alleviate these problems through their daily work at the pharmacy. Approximately 49-62% of schools responded that they would request the collaboration of community pharmacists to conduct training sessions for nursery school staff, provide health support for caregivers, and provide general health and medication consultations. The collaboration between nursery schools and community pharmacists may gain importance in the future.
著者
江崎 信行
出版者
一般社団法人 日本応用数理学会
雑誌
日本応用数理学会論文誌 (ISSN:24240982)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.2, pp.66-79, 2023 (Released:2023-06-25)
参考文献数
13

概要. コストの問題が大きいが校庭を芝生化する運動が盛んになりつつある.施工方法等の工夫によって低コスト化が実現可能であり,本研究では,その根拠となる芝草の成長過程を数理モデルとして記述し,数値シミュレーションによって有用性を示す.時間依存の成長係数をもつロトカ・ボルテラ方程式に対して,実践に基づくパラメタを定めるとき,低コスト化を説明する数値実験結果が得られ,実践された施工が有効であることが確認できた.
著者
水上 健 杉本 真也
出版者
一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会
雑誌
日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 (ISSN:03871207)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.19-28, 2023 (Released:2023-01-20)
参考文献数
29

ループ形成や屈曲を招きやすいS状結腸は大腸内視鏡の挿入困難部位とされる.初学者では過送気によってS状結腸を拡張させてしまい,軸保持短縮法を用いても挿入困難となることがある.日本で開発された注水法では,少量の水の注入により短縮直線化が容易となるメリットがある.注水法に直腸S状結腸部での脱気を追加して改良した浸水法では,水と空気の境界面が解消され,視野の改善が得られた.初学者でも修得しやすく,ループ形成抑制による盲腸到達率の向上,患者の苦痛軽減が示されている.また,S状結腸軸捻転解除,過敏性腸症候群や腸管形態異常の評価などにも応用されている.欧米にも浸水法は普及し,腺腫発見率の向上につながるWater Exchangeや,内視鏡挿入手法に留まらず治療時に活用する浸水下内視鏡的粘膜切除術へと応用されている.浸水の特性を生かし,送気法における困難を克服する注水関連手技は,今後ますます普及することが期待される.
著者
小宮 千鶴子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本語教育学会
雑誌
日本語教育 (ISSN:03894037)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.157, pp.47-62, 2014 (Released:2017-03-21)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
1

本研究は,高校卒業程度の「経済の基礎的専門語」318語の専門学習における有効性の検討を目的として,経済関係学部の専門基礎科目の教科書3種を資料に,その使用状況を調査した。使用された184語は全体の6割強で,その半数強(異なり)を中学「公民」用語が占めた。「公民」用語は,延べでは全体の8割以上を占め,高校「現代社会」「政治経済」で初出の用語に比べて頻出し,基礎的専門語の中でも優先して学習すべき用語であることが判明した。 「経済の基礎的専門語」を分野別に分けると,経済学用語が6割弱を占め,20以上の専門科目に対応した。専門基礎科目は専門科目群の一部で,資料に使用されるか否かは内容との関連で決まるので,他科目の資料に変えれば,不使用の用語が使用される可能性がある。 それらの結果から,「経済の基礎的専門語」は,経済のさまざまな専門科目に対応し,「公民」用語を中心に使用され,経済分野の専門学習に有効といえる。
著者
加藤陸奥雄 [ほか] 監修
出版者
講談社
巻号頁・発行日
1995
著者
浅野 慎一
出版者
地域社会学会
雑誌
地域社会学会年報 (ISSN:21893918)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, pp.45-60, 2015 (Released:2017-07-03)
参考文献数
64
被引用文献数
4

From 2012 to 2014, Japan Association of Regional and Community Studies(JARCS) has discussed its common issue, “Region and Community of post-Great East Japan Earthquake”. The purpose of this paper is to raise a new common issue based on the discussions in JARCS. The most important feature of “post- Great East Japan Earthquake” is shown in Japanese government’s adoption of a policy on “selection and concentration” basis. This indicated that the government declared the creation of peripheral regions and abandoned people within the national land. Here we can see the end of developmentalism in post-colonial East Asia, and how it appeared specifically in Japan. On this historical phase, the Japanese government and capitals introduced a regional remodeling plan, namely “Grand Design 2050”, or the Comprehensive National Development Plan. Various forms of self-directive practices, however, have been emerging in “regions and communities as living-spheres”, where the residents independently develop their own lives, opposing to the government’s plan. This paper, therefore, proposes a new common issue for JARCS : “Grand Design 2050 and Living-Spheres of Local Residents”.
著者
佐藤 毅彦
出版者
甲南女子大学
雑誌
甲南女子大学研究紀要. 文学・文化編 = Studies in Literature and Culture (ISSN:1347121X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.43, pp.59-68, 2007-03-20

女性図書館員が恋愛を経験することで変わっていく小説として,『蠍のいる森』『Open Season』(翻訳タイトル『パーティーガール』)をとりあげ,図書館員の描かれ方の違いやその背景にある事情を明らかにしようと試みた。ストーリーの中心人物が,図書館に勤める三十代の女性という共通した部分はあっても,恋愛に対する意識や,それを体験することで生じてくる状況の変化への対応については,日本の事例は受動的・他律的であり,アメリカの事例では,能動的・自律的であったといえよう。
著者
冨田 陽子 Tomita Yoko トミタ ヨウコ
出版者
京都大学
巻号頁・発行日
2013

元資料の権利情報 : 許諾条件により要旨・本文は2014-10-03に公開