著者

寺下 由美子

出版者

教育史料出版会

雑誌

みんなの図書館 (ISSN:03860914)

巻号頁・発行日

no.505, pp.42-53, 2019-05

著者

金井 一成 新村 悠典 森田 茂紀 Issei Kanai Yusuke Shinmura Shigenori Morita

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.13-20, 2017-06-22

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石油枯渇対策や地球温暖化対策として再生可能エネルギーが注目されているが,著者らのグループは,食料と競合しないセルロース系原料作物として,イネ科のC4型・多年生植物であるエリアンサス(Erianthus spp.)を取り上げ,栽培研究を進めている。エリアンサスは高いバイオマス生産性を発揮することが知られているが,物質生産を支えている群落構造の解析はほとんど行われていない。そこで本研究では,定植1年目および2年目の群落について出穂期における群落構造を比較検討した。定植2年目の群落では,1年目に比較して地上部バイオマス量が4倍ほどに増加していた。地上部バイオマス量を光合成器官(葉身)と非光合成器官(葉鞘・茎・穂)とに分けると,両者とも大きく増えていたが,とくに後者の増加が著しかった。これは,定植2年目の群落は1年目の刈り株から再生したものであり,再生を開始する時点ですでに多くの分げつ芽が形成されており,生育初期に急激に茎数を増やすことができたため,茎が長く,太くなるための生育期間が十分に確保できたからと考えられる。また,出穂期における層別刈取り法で葉重の垂直分布を調査した結果や,プラントキャノピーアナライザーを利用して葉面積の垂直分布の形成過程を調査した結果によれば,群落構造は生育とともに変化し,光合成器官の垂直分布は定植2年目に群落の高い方へ移動した。そのため,群落内の比較的高いところで相対照度が減衰してしまい,群落内部まで光が到達していなかった。このように,定植2年目は1年目よりバイオマス量が著しく増えていたが,群落構造と相対照度の減衰の様相からみると,群落としての受光態勢は必ずしも最適かどうかは分からない。間引きをして群落の光環境を改善すれば,さらに収量が上がる可能性が高い。エリアンサスは多年生作物であるため,栽植密度の影響も含めてさらに追跡していく必要があるが,本研究の結果を低投入持続的な栽培方法の確立に役立てたいと考えている。

著者

東田 盛善 隈田 昌良 佐竹 洋

出版者

一般社団法人日本地球化学会

雑誌

地球化学 (ISSN:03864073)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.111-123, 2006-08-25 (Released:2017-01-26)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2

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One hundred and eight samples of daily precipitation on Ishigaki Island were collected from Dec. 4, 1997 to Dec. 5, 1998 and were analysed for chemical and isotopic compositions. δD and δ18O values of daily precipitation ranged from -82 to 11‰ and -12.1 to -0.5‰, respectively. These values were higher in winter than in summer. The d value (d=δD-8δ18O) ranged from 7 to 35 and showed seasonal variation in which it was high in winter and low in summer. This indicated that precipitation of the winter season on Ishigaki Island is derived from the continental cold airmass. Amount effects of precipitation on isotopic composition were observed throughout the year. Furthermore two trends of amount effects were observed in summer. High concentrations of chemical components were found in precipitation with high wind velocity caused by typhoons and the seasonal winds in winter on Ishigaki Island. In particular, the typhoons significantly increased the concentration of chemical components. Annual average of Cl- concentration was nearly equal to the Cl- concentration in winter precipitation along the Sea of Japan side on Honshu Island, and the annual deposition rate of NaCl was about 7 times larger than the national average. The calcium ion of non sea salt origin in precipitation is probably supplied through the dust containing CaCO3 from the limestone-rich soil of Ishigaki Island and NH4+ by chemical fertilizers used in the island. The annual average value of the NO3-/nss SO42- ratio, 0.64, was twice as larger as the ratio of Tokyo (0.35). It may be caused by photochemical reaction forming nitric acid in Ishigaki Island under the strong insolation of the subtropical climate. High concentrations and large deposition rates of nss SO42- were observed in fall to winter, when d values of precipitation were high. The ratio of NO3-/nss SO42- was observed to be low in winter on Ishigaki Island. This indicated that the sulfuric acid was transported from the Asian Continent to Ishigaki Island by the continental cold airmass. The pH ranges from 4.1 to 6.9 and its annual mean was 5.4. This mean value of pH was higher than those of Honshu Island (e.g., Tokyo 4.7). Nss Ca2+/NH4+ ratio, 1.7, was much higher than those of Honshu Island (e.g., Tokyo 0.33). This suggests that nss Ca2+ is main acid neutralizer rather than NH4+. This result reflects the environmental characteristics of Ishigaki Island which is covered with limestone-rich soil.

著者

中川 嘉宏 沼澤 政信 西谷 健一 今井 和明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本工学教育協会

雑誌

工学・工業教育研究講演会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2003, pp.219-222, 2003

著者

久保田 和彦

出版者

鎌倉遺文研究会 ; 1998-

雑誌

鎌倉遺文研究 (ISSN:13450921)

巻号頁・発行日

no.41, pp.1-23, 2018-04

著者

桃崎 有一郎

出版者

鎌倉遺文研究会 ; 1998-

雑誌

鎌倉遺文研究 (ISSN:13450921)

巻号頁・発行日

no.41, pp.24-46, 2018-04

著者

土屋 有里子

出版者

至文堂

雑誌

国語と国文学 (ISSN:03873110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.3, pp.30-41, 2002-03

著者

高柳 さつき

出版者

日本印度学仏教学会

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.223-228, 2014

著者

市川 美香子

出版者

大阪市立大学文学部

雑誌

人文研究 (ISSN:04913329)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.p342-353, 1981

著者

小川 宏和 Hirokazu OGAWA

出版者

早稲田大学史学会

雑誌

史観 (ISSN:03869350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.174, pp.1-26, 2016-03

著者

益田 翔太 庄山 正仁

出版者

電気・情報関係学会九州支部連合大会委員会

雑誌

電気関係学会九州支部連合大会講演論文集 平成27年度電気・情報関係学会九州支部連合大会(第68回連合大会)講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.174, 2015-09-10 (Released:2018-02-16)

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現在、広くACモータは使用されており、これを駆動するためにインバータは用いられている。しかし、インバータはスイッチングをするため、電流ノイズが発生してしまう。電流ノイズの中には、主回路からグランドを通って他の電子機器に影響を与えるコモンモードノイズが存在する。今回は、電流キャンセル手法を用いてコモンモードノイズの低減を検討した。この手法は、トランスで作り出した逆位相のノイズ電流により、ノイズ電流を打ち消すものである。実験で検討したところ、実際にコモンモードノイズを低減することができたため、この手法はノイズ対策に効果があると言える。

著者

岡野 一良 北村 義治 高橋 礼治

出版者

Japan Society of Corrosion Engineering

雑誌

防蝕技術 (ISSN:00109355)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.27-30, 1955

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An U-fin heater used as an air heater for drying powder materials was damaged due to corrosion of the heating copper tubes. As the results of experiments, it was concluded that the corrosion was caused by the adhesion of solder to inner surface of the copper tube. In order to remove the solder, some methods both by chemicals and by electrolysis were examined. Although we have not yet found a method, which removes the solder completely and not affects copper tubes, we obtained some promising method, especially one by chemicals.

著者

小林 真理

出版者

Japan Association for Cultural Economics

雑誌

文化経済学 (ISSN:13441442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.116, 2002-03-31 (Released:2009-12-08)

著者

野沢 慎司

出版者

東京都立大学都市研究センター

雑誌

総合都市研究 (ISSN:03863506)

巻号頁・発行日

no.56, pp.73-92, 1995

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これまで都市家族の研究のなかで比較的等閑視されてきた、家族とコミュニティの相互関連をめぐる問題(家族・コミュニティ問題)へのアプローチとして、とくに夫婦間の援助関係と世帯外援助ネットワークとの関連に焦点を据えた分析を試みる。北米都市での調査知見に基づく仮説は、パーソナル・ネットワークとしてのコミュニティが居住地域や連帯性から解放されることによって、夫婦関係を分離的にするような世帯外ネットワークからの影響(競合説)が消失し、世帯内のニーズに従って(ニーズ説)、夫婦間の援助関係を前提として世帯外のネットワークから援助が動員される(両立説)状況が生み出されたと主張している。現代日本の都市家族にもこのモデルが妥当するのかどうかが検討される。東京都調布市に居住する比較的若年の既婚女性を対象とした調査票調査のデータ分析から、基本的にはニーズ説、両立説が支持される結果が得られたが、部分的には競合説を支持する結果やニーズ説に包摂しきれない結果が得られた。とくに育児期の妻の近隣ネットワークと夫からの家事援助との間には、競合的な状況が現れやすい。この点は、最近の他の調査知見と照らし合わせてみると、ネットワークの一部が世帯外から夫婦関係を規定する力を失っていないことを示唆している。こうした知見は、多角的なネットワーク測度を使った家族・コミュニティ研究によって、比較社会学的な文脈から、さらに検討される必要がある。

著者

アップル マイケル W. 山本 雄二

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.25-44, 2006

著者

出口 正之 Masayuki Deguchi

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

民博通信 = Minpaku Tsushin (ISSN:03862836)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.157, pp.12-13, 2017-06-25

著者

野田 英明 川瀬 直人 大田原 章雄 加藤 麻理

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.11, pp.534, 2008-11-01 (Released:2017-04-28)

著者

原 登 本間 克典

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.245-249, 1973 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

7

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Atmospheric concentrations of cyanides in various kinds of plating workshops were determined, and it was cleared that there was an intimate relation between the atmospheric concentration of cyanides and pH of the plating solutions. The more alkaline the solution, the less became the concentration of cyanides. Cyanides contained in the overflowed solution from the plating bath changed to hydrogen cyanide gas while the solution dried up spontaneously, and this gas diffused into the workshop.For sampling cyanides in the air, impinger should be used. The sampling ability of the sampling solution was closely related with its alkalinity. If the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is used as the sampling solution, the alkalinity of the solution should be more than 0.2 normal for long time bubbling and more than 0.02 normal for short time bubbling. During the bubbling procedure, the alkalinity of the sampling solution decreased gradually. And the solution should not be used for sampling cyanides if its alkalinity is less than 0.001 normal. If the alkalinity of the sampling solution is exhausted, this solution can not preserve the captured cyanides any more.

著者

鈴木 亮平 深津 哲 大津 史子

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.6, pp.270-279, 2018-06-10 (Released:2019-06-10)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

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The most frequently reported medical incidents were drug-related and made by nurses.Excessive dosing can cause adverse reactions and possibly lead to patient deaths. On the other hand, underdosing can delay treatment and prolong hospitalization. We investigated drugs associated with and factors leading to excessive dosing or underdosing incidents to clarify when pharmacists should intervene to reduce medication-related incidents. We analyzed incident reports collected by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care between January 2009 and June 2015. In total, we found 3,024 cases of excessive dosing and 2,119 cases of underdosing. In the excessive dosing group, dosing errors and the administration of an excessive dose without an order to do so comprised 785 cases and 482 cases, respectively. In the underdosing group, there were 902 cases of dosing errors and 366 cases where the dose was discontinued too early.We used logistic-regression analysis to compare cases of causative drugs and incident factors with dosing errors and other medical incidents. Our analysis revealed that there was a significant association between steroids, narcotic analgesics, antibacterial drugs and both excessive dosing and underdosing incidents. Also, there was a significant association between nurses not confirming the correct dose and misdosing incidents.It is easy for dosing errors to occur with the aforementioned drugs because the correct dosage varies with the patient's age, renal function, overall condition, and test results. These findings suggest that pharmacists in hospital wards need to check the correct dosage before administering the medication to prevent dosing errors.

著者

佐原 康夫

出版者

東洋史研究會

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.405-432, 2002-12

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Many tombs from the age of the emperors Wen and Ying of the early period of the Former Han throughout the Fenghuang-shan 鳳凰山 area of the Jiangling District of Hubei Province 湖北省江陵縣 were investigated from 1973 to 1975. Within several of the excavated tombs organic objects such as wooden and woven artifacts had been particularly well preserved by the effects of ground water. Furthermore, lists of furnishings 遣策,were also excavated from several of the tombs, and the objects listed there in can be checked against the existing furnishings. This study aims at a comprehensive interpretation of the Han-dynasty wooden slips 簡牘 excavated from theses tombs. In general the slips excavated from Han-era tombs can be categorized as either funerary documents or those that are not. The former are intimately linked with the burial ceremony itself, including letters addressed to the officials of the underworld designed to assist the deceased in addition to the list of funerary objects. The latter were often written by the deceased in his or her lifetime, varied in content, and displayed little ceremonial character. My analysis of the funerary documents proceeds on the basis of this categorization. First, the following points may be specified on the basis of a comparison of the items in the list of furnishings with the many wooden figurines among the furnishings buried m the Fenghuang-shan tombs in Jiangling. In short, each and every of these wooden figurines had a personal name written on the list and had been placed in the tomb to serve the deceased as a slave. Among them can be seen various occupations, carriage drivers, outriders, chamberlains, domestic and farm laborers, but these are idealized version of a wealthy household. As the deceased journeyed off to the world of the afterlife with his household possessions including his slaves, he sometimes carried letters addressed to the officials of the underworld. This kind of funerary document was composed separately from the list of furnishings and displays specific characteristics according to period and region. Next, I examine the slips that recounted the life of the deceased. In the wooden slips excavated from Tomb No. Ten at Fenghuang-shan in Jiangling, one sees various items related to the collection of land rents, hay, and head taxes as well as commercial activities, revealing that the deceased was a village chief, lizheng 里正. Based on this evidence, one can analyze the role of the village chief and the character of his village. First, the residents of the villages of Shiyang 市陽里 and Dangli 當利里 in the Xixiang 西鄉 of Jiangling were of the farming class, but their area of cultivation was very small, and it appears that they had to depend on other methods to make a living. In this regard, these villages were communities with an urban character, unlike the typical Han village. The village chief who was buried in Tomb No. Ten had been charged with parceling out corvee labor assignments and the collection of land rents, hay and the head tax and its payment to the county 鄉 authorities. This variety of public service was carried out under direct order of the county, but itis thought that in practice the village chief was granted great latitude in fulfilling his duties. The village chief regulated the burden of corvee labor and taxes within his village and at times in cooperation with neighboring villages, in order to satisfy the demands of the government. Therefore the Han village can be regarded as one sort of social community that was complementary to the govemental administration. The wooden slips from the Fenghuang-shan in Jiangling strongly reflect the period of emperors Wen through Ying and the regional flavor of Nanjun 南郡 Jiangling District. Although they are historical materials related to the history of the Han-dynastic system, they cannot easily be generalized to provide a comprehensive interpretation. Nevertheless, their most outstanding character is that they provide a vertical section of a society from the poor peasant on the land to the wealthy in the underworld of a particular period and place.