著者

金原 保夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.51-68, 1997 (Released:2010-03-12)

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The First Bulgarian Kingdom was established by the Turkic nomads Bulgars. Gradually the Bulgars were assimilated to the Slav majority, but the Bulgarian aristocracy kept supremacy for a long time. In the political structure of the state were existed a traditional institution and titles of the Bulgars.In this paper, the author consider the role of the ruler, especially take notice of the title, the authority and the succession of the throne. There were so many titles of the Bulgarian ruler, but six of them were used in the country. They were αρχων, καισαρ, πατρικιος, KANAσγBIΓI, _??__??__??__??__??__??_<_??__??__??__??_, _??__??__??__??__??__??_<_??__??__??__??_. Kαισαρ and πατρικιος are the Byzantine title of nobility. Two titles αρχων and KANAσγBIΓI were used at the same time. The Byzantine title αρχων was used mainly externally. KANAσγBIΓI, which was a Turkic compound title, consisted of two words KANA and σγBIΓI. Professor V. Besevliev explained that KANA was a rulal title of the nomadic state qan<qaγan and σγBIΓI was a compound word sü-bäg-i, i. e. “commander in chief.” But this theory is still in a hypothesis.Bulgarian ruler came to hold both the secular power and spiritual authority. Bulgars were believers of Shamanism. They had a concept of the divine right of kings. The throne of the ruler of the Bulgarian state was exclusively in the hands of the royal clan, the Dulo, the Vokil and the clan of Krum. The position of the ruler was hereditary normally passing from father to eldest son, who was called καναρτικεινος. The order of the succession of the throne proved to be useful in stability and reinforcement of a government.

著者

永津 貞介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.120, pp.7-19, 1964 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

2

著者

名和 小太郎

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.5, pp.288-290, 2007 (Released:2007-08-01)

著者

佐藤 洋

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.4, pp.4_40-4_45, 2010-04-01 (Released:2010-10-18)

参考文献数

6

著者

広津 崇亮

出版者

社団法人 におい・かおり環境協会

雑誌

におい・かおり環境学会誌 (ISSN:13482904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.191-199, 2015-05-25 (Released:2019-02-20)

参考文献数

48

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微量のにおい物質の検知には,従来は物理・化学的手法が用いられてきたが,感度,選択性を追求すると大型化,高コスト化を招く問題があった.そこで近年注目されているのが,生物の嗅覚の高感度性,高選択性を生かしたバイオセンサである.その中には,生物の嗅覚機構を模倣するセンサ,生物の機構や設計思想を活用するセンサが含まれるが,本稿では生物そのものを利用するセンサについて紹介する.最近線虫C. elegansががんのにおいを高精度に識別できることが発見された.線虫嗅覚を用いたがん診断技術(n-nose)は,高感度,低コスト,非侵襲性,簡便,早期がんを発見できるなど,これまでのがん検査システムを変える可能性を秘めている.

著者

川井 彩音 熊谷 道夫 中島 拓男 青田 容明 一瀬 諭

出版者

公益財団法人 自然保護助成基金

雑誌

自然保護助成基金助成成果報告書 (ISSN:24320943)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.199-204, 2020-01-10 (Released:2020-01-10)

参考文献数

1

著者

白石 祐彰 津田 吉晃 高松 進 津村 義彦 松本 麻子

出版者

日本緑化工学会

雑誌

日本緑化工学会誌 (ISSN:09167439)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.402-409, 2015 (Released:2016-09-09)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

1

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土木工事により生じた大規模斜面における植栽の際には,自生集団の遺伝的多様性保全のために,自生あるいは遺伝的類縁性の高い近隣集団の種苗を用いるべきことが最近広く認知されている。埼玉県長瀞町および寄居町の送電鉄塔建設予定地において,生物多様性保全に配慮した緑化工を行う観点から,工事に伴う伐採前に採種して育苗したコナラ (Quercus serrata) を建設工事跡地に植栽した。この取組みにより,植栽集団 (実生 2集団) が自生集団の遺伝的多様性に与える影響を評価するために,マイクロサテライトマーカーを用いて植栽集団の遺伝的多様性や他集団 (埼玉県内の近隣 4集団および他県 3集団) との遺伝的分化程度について調査した。その結果,実生集団の遺伝的多様性は近隣の成木集団も含めて他集団と同程度であった。 STRUCTURE解析では埼玉県と他県集団には遺伝構造がみられたが,埼玉県内集団については全体で一つの地域交配集団とみなすことできた。これらのことから,建設工事跡地に植栽したコナラ種苗は自生集団の遺伝的多様性およびその地域性を維持しており,本取り組みによって自生集団の遺伝的多様性保全に貢献できたことがわかった。

著者

中西 悠喜

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.53-63, 2017-09-30 (Released:2020-10-01)

参考文献数

34

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Ṣāʾin al-Dīn ibn Turka al-Iṣfahānī (d. 1432) is among the most neglected figures in the history of Arabic-Islamic philosophy. True, his Tamhīd al-qawāʿid (“Introduction to the Principles,” TQ) has been highly evaluated within the Iranian ʿirfān circle since the late Qajar period; as the author of TQ, he is considered in this circle to be a precursor of Mullā Ṣadrā’s (d. 1640) alleged “synthesis” of Ibn al-ʿArabī’s (d. 1240) Akbarian mysticism, al-Suhrawardī’s (d. 1191) illumi­nationist philosophy, and al-Ṭūsī’s (d. 1274) revived Avicennian philosophy. Modern historians, however, adopt this evaluation while conducting, effectively, no detailed analysis of the contents of the work. Even Melvin-Koushki, who explores in detail the lettrist-occultist dimensions of this politically afflicted polymath’s Weltanschauung, has not gone so far as to redress their inaccurate understanding of TQ itself.In this paper, I will focus on two central issues addressed in TQ: 1) that “absolute theology” (al-ʿilm al-ilāhī al-muṭlaq) is the highest science, whose subject-matter is “existence” (wujūd) as such; and 2) that existence is the Real (al-ḥaqq). What is noteworthy is that Ibn Turka discusses both issues with (critical) reference to major philosophical texts, such as the Ilāhiyyāt of Ibn Sīnā’s (d. 1037) Shifāʾ (on his conception of metaphysics as the regina scientiarum), al-Suhrawardī’s Ḥikmat al-ishrāq (on his thesis that existence is a mental construct), and the Ṭabīʿiyyāt of al-Ṭūsī’s Sharḥ al-Ishārāt (on his theory of the prerequisites for something being analogical). By analysing Ibn Turka’s arguments on the aforementioned two issues while clarifying his positions towards the theses of earlier philosophers, I aim in the present study to indicate the place of this late medieval Akbarian mystic in the post-Avicennian history of philosophy.

著者

Masaki Hayakawa Keisuke Takano Michinori Kayashima Kei Kasahara Hidetada Fukushima Masanori Matsumoto

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.58362, (Released:2020-10-28)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

19

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Patients with severe COVID-19 often experience complications including coagulopathy and fatal thrombosis. COVID-19 pneumonia sometimes leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), during which thrombosis and bleeding are major causes of death. Anticoagulation such as heparin is essential for COVID-19 patients on ECMO; however, bleeding might be caused by not only heparin, but also acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). To date, no study has examined ECMO-related bleeding and AVWS in COVID-19 patients.We report a COVID-19 patient who experienced bleeding from AVWS in addition to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) during ECMO. The level of high–molecular weight VWF multimers decreased during ECMO therapy, and these findings promptly improved after discontinuation of ECMO. Plasma levels of VWF antigen were extremely high, probably due to endothelial cell damage caused by COVID-19. On the other hand, plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity were moderately reduced, to 20–30% of normal. The patient was successfully treated with cryoprecipitate in bleeding during ECMO without a reduction in heparin, which might have induced thromboembolism. Bleeding found in this patient might be caused by AVWS and DIC.Severe COVID-19 patients are in a thrombotic state and need to receive anticoagulant therapy. However, once they receive ECMO therapy, bleeding symptoms could be observed. In such cases, physicians should think of AVWS in addition to the side effect of heparin and DIC.

著者

岸 真由美

出版者

独立行政法人 日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所

雑誌

アフリカレポート (ISSN:09115552)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.86, 2020-09-12 (Released:2020-09-12)

著者

大坂 巌 坂下 明大 木澤 義之 細川 豊史

出版者

日本緩和医療学会

雑誌

Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.31-37, 2018 (Released:2018-02-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 4

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【目的】非がん疾患に対する緩和ケアについて実態調査を実施した.【方法】日本緩和医療学会代議員196名を対象にインターネットアンケート調査を行った.非がん疾患の診療経験,緩和ケアに関する考え方,緩和ケアを実践するうえでの困難感,必要な教育内容について選択式の質問で尋ねた.【結果】111名(57%)より回答を得た.回答者の99%は非がん疾患の診療を経験していたが,63%は終末期の累計経験患者数が50人未満であった.回答者の80%は非がん疾患に対する緩和ケアに自信がなく,予後予測の難しさや緩和ケアに関する診療加算が算定できないことなどのために83%が困難感を感じていた.教育において重要なことは,コミュニケーション,多職種チーム医療の順であった.【結論】日本緩和医療学会代議員は,非がん疾患に対する緩和ケアの必要性を認識しているが,経験豊富な代議員は少なく,8割以上が自信のなさと困難感を感じていた.

著者

萩野 浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本リハビリテーション医学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:18813526)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.11, pp.898-904, 2018-11-16 (Released:2018-12-29)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 2

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わが国の地域在宅高齢者の年間転倒発生率は10~25%で,施設入所者では10~50%程度である.高齢者の転倒による外傷発生頻度は54~70%程度で,骨折に至る症例は6~12%程度である.転倒の危険因子は身体機能の低下に起因する内的因子と,居住環境などに起因する外的因子とに分けられる.地域在宅高齢者の転倒を防止するためには,まず,対象の高齢者に関して転倒の危険因子を明らかにすることが必要である.単一の転倒防止介入は転倒防止に有効ではなく,個別の危険因子の評価と包括的介入が必要となる.施設入所者の転倒対策では,まず転倒事例の調査とその要因分析を実施する.転倒防止のための介入は在宅高齢者と同様に単一の介入は有効ではなく,個別の危険因子の評価と包括的な介入が必要である.

著者

森下 義隆 矢内 利政

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17004, (Released:2018-02-15)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of this study was to examine within-subject differences in bat-swing trajectory between intentional hitting towards the same field and towards the opposite field. 19 industrial league baseball batters and 16 collegiate baseball batters performed same-field hitting (SH) and opposite-field hitting (OH). The movement of the bat during the swing was recorded with two high-speed cameras (1000 fps) for 3D analysis. At the instant of ball impact, the striking surface of the bat faced towards the same field in SH and towards the opposite field in OH. The bat-head trajectory immediately before impact was directed obliquely upward in SH, whereas it was directed obliquely downward in OH. Throughout the swing, the projection angle of the bat on the vertical plane was greater in OH than in SH, and the ratio of the translational component of the bat-head speed to the resultant bat-head speed was significantly greater in OH than in SH. These results suggest that the characteristics of the bat swing in OH provide a suitable impact condition to drive the ball towards the opposite field, as evidence has demonstrated that (1) a batted ball is likely to travel towards the opposite field when the lower half of the ball is hit by a vertically inclined bat, and (2) the striking surface of the bat is unlikely to turn to face towards the same field when the contribution to the resultant bat-head speed is generated more by the translational component of the bathead speed than by the rotational component.

著者

孫 媛

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.179-184, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-04-03)

被引用文献数

1

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研究開発や資金獲得における世界的な競争激化を背景に,国,研究機関,研究者個人等さまざまなレベルで,研究成果の定量的な評価が行われている。そのためにインパクトファクター,h-index,分野標準化した指標など多様なビブリオメトリックス指標が開発され,世界中で広く利用されている。一方,ICTの著しい発展により情報流通形態が大きく変化し,論文のダウンロード数やソーシャルメディアでの取り上げられ方等によって研究の影響度を指標化するオルトメトリックスへの注目と期待が高まっている。本稿では,いくつかのビブリオメトリックス指標と利用時の注意点を紹介した後,オルトメトリックスとその問題点について考察する。

著者

立野 誠吾 側見 鶴彦 平賀 洋明 竹内 実 高木 康夫 近藤 達夫 高橋 幸治

出版者

The Japanese Society for Medical Mycology

雑誌

真菌と真菌症 (ISSN:05830516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.229-233, 1967 (Released:2009-12-21)

参考文献数

9

著者

Shinichiro Haze Keiko Sakai Yoko Gozu

出版者

The Japanese Pharmacological Society

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN:00215198)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.3, pp.247-253, 2002 (Released:2002-11-23)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

77 112

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We investigated the effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adult subjects using both power spectral analysis of blood pressure fluctuations and measurement of plasma catecholamine levels. Fragrance inhalation of essential oils, such as pepper oil, estragon oil, fennel oil or grapefruit oil, resulted in 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in relative sympathetic activity, representing low frequency amplitude of systolic blood pressure (SBP-LF amplitude), compared with inhalation of an odorless solvent, triethyl citrate (P<0.05, each). In contrast, fragrance inhalation of rose oil or patchouli oil caused a 40% decrease in relative sympathetic activity (P<0.01, each). Fragrance inhalation of pepper oil induced a 1.7-fold increase in plasma adrenaline concentration compared with the resting state (P = 0.06), while fragrance inhalation of rose oil caused a 30% decrease in adrenaline concentration (P<0.01). Our results indicate that fragrance inhalation of essential oils may modulate sympathetic activity in normal adults.

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.10, pp.524-528, 2020-10-01 (Released:2020-10-01)

著者

戸田 隆夫

出版者

東京女子医科大学学会

雑誌

東京女子医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00409022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.13-14, 2018-02-25 (Released:2018-03-06)

著者

川本 慎自

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.1, pp.59-75, 2003-01-20 (Released:2017-12-01)

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In the late medieval period Japan, Zen temples expanded their shoen (estates) and contracted the management of estates of other temples and nobles.Up to this point, it has been a foregone conclusion that this was a result of individual Zen monks'skill in estate management.However, because estate management by Zen temples is seen extensively throughout the entire Zen Sect, it is essencial to consider not only the contribution of individual Zen monks but also the ways in which the Zen temple organizations participated in estate management.Thereupon, taking note of the "knowledge" transmitted among Zen priests within the Zen temples, the author of the article considers whether or not there was something included in this "knowledge" that was related to estate management skills, then the way in which this "knowledge" was comunicated by monks, and family how it was put into practice and applied to estate management.Unsho Ikkei雲章一慶, a priest of Tofukuji東福寺 temple, gave lectures regarding shingi(清規 regulations of the Zen Sect), and one of his disciples Togen Zuisen桃源瑞仙 recorded them in a book entitled Hajoshingi-sho百丈清規抄.In this work, there is description of shosu (荘主 overseers of Zen temples' estates), who were normally monks.This description is based on an actual case in which Tofukuji temple dismissed in 1444 the shosu of Kambara-go 上原郷 in Bicchu 備中.It shows the ways in which it was neccessary for the shosu to cooperate with shugo 守護 when undertaking estate management.Therefore, this is indicative of the fact that within the knowkedge transmitted among the Zen monks there was indeed something included that pertained toestate management.In those days there were many lectures on Confucial learning given at Zen temples, includings the lectures on Hajoshingi by Unsho Ikkei.In addition to Zen priests, court officials like Kiyohara Naritada 清原業忠, known as a master of Confucian learning, attended these lectures.As a result, they were able to exchange not only Confucian knowledge but also such practical knowledge as estate management skills.For ezample, the Zen monks who attended the Confucian lectures by Unsho Ikkei collaborated with Nakahara Yasutomi 中原康富, who was a court offical and a student of Kiyohara Naritada, in the administration of the latter's estate.The author concluded that Zen temples were able to ezpand their estate management activites because they had a system in which Zen priests learned practical knowledge was result of the interchange between the Zen monks and court officials.

著者

金城 優美 崎原 徹裕 川満 豊 国島 知子

出版者

一般社団法人日本小児アレルギー学会

雑誌

日本小児アレルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09142649)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.351-358, 2020-08-05 (Released:2020-08-20)

参考文献数

20

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【背景】卵白感作陽性の乳児に対する鶏卵の早期導入法は定まっていない.導入前のスクリーニング経口負荷試験(OFC)や導入後の自宅摂取の安全性について前方視的に検討した.【方法】生後6か月で卵白感作陽性の鶏卵未摂取例に対し加熱全卵0.2g OFC(1st OFC)を行った.1st OFC陰性例に対し加熱全卵0.2gの摂取を開始,生後9~11か月に卵白1/4個OFC(2nd OFC)を行った.各OFC結果と自宅摂取の安全性を評価した.【結果】1st OFC陽性は15/63例(23.8%)で,陰性48例中42例が自宅摂取を開始し1例が中途脱落した.8/41例(19.5%)に自宅摂取で軽微な皮膚症状を認めた.2nd OFC陽性は4/41例(9.8%)であった.各OFC陽性例は陰性例と比較しオボムコイドsIgE値が高かった.【結論】卵白感作陽性の乳児への加熱全卵0.2g OFCは陽性割合が高く,陰性例でも一部に自宅摂取中に軽微な症状を認めた.感作陽性児ではより安全な導入法の検討が必要である.