著者

青木 敦

出版者

跡見学園女子大学

雑誌

跡見学園短期大学紀要 (ISSN:02874164)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.1-12, 1985-03

著者

王 秀文

出版者

国際日本文化研究センター

雑誌

日本研究 : 国際日本文化研究センター紀要 (ISSN:09150900)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.11-45, 1998-02-27

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植物にまつわる民間伝承において、桃ほど古く、広く伝えられているものはあるまい。中国の『詩経』に収められている遠い周の時代の民謡、春秋戦国の時代から行われた諸儀式と年中行事、漢の時代に急に浮上してきた度朔山伝説、六朝時代から盛んに伝えられるようになってきた西王母の伝説や神仙説、さらに晋の陶淵明の「桃花源記」や明代に集大成された『西遊記』物語、および今もお正月に、門戸の両側に貼り付ける赤い紙切れの「春聯」など、至るところに、桃の伝承が浸透している。いっぽう、日本においても、記紀神話から平安時代の宮中の儀式まで、鬼門信仰から「桃太郎」の民話まで、桃の伝承は数多くみられる。

著者

新矢 恭子 河岡 義裕

出版者

日本ウイルス学会

雑誌

ウイルス (ISSN:00426857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.85-89, 2006 (Released:2006-10-13)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

16 22

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H5N1鳥インフルエンザウイルスがアジア,ヨーロッパ,そしてアフリカで猛威を振るっている.すでに,100人を越える人が本ウイルスに感染し死亡したが,ヒト‐ヒト間の伝播はまれである.私たちは,人の呼吸細気管支,肺胞細胞の多くが鳥由来インフルエンザウイルスによって認識されるシアリルオリゴ糖(SAα2,3Gal)を発現していることを見出した.しかし,人の上部気道の上皮細胞では,鼻粘膜の一部の細胞をのぞいて,人由来ウイルスによって認識されるSAα2,6Galしか発現していないことがわかった.これらの事実は,なぜ鳥インフルエンザウイルスが鳥類からヒトに直接感染し,感染患者において重篤な下部呼吸器障害を引き起こすことができるかを説明している.また,ヒトの上部気道には,人のウイルスのレセプター(SAα2,6Gal)はたくさん存在するが,トリウイルスのレセプター(SAα2,3Gal)はほとんど存在しないことは,H5N1ウイルスが,めったにヒト‐ヒト間伝播を引き起こさない事実と一致している.しかしながら,H5N1ウイルスの中には人ウイルスのレセプターを認識するものも存在する.したがって,H5N1インフルエンザウイルスが効率よくヒト‐ヒト間で伝播する能力を獲得するためには,レセプター特異性の変化のみならず,それ以外の変異が生じる必要があるのであろう.

著者

大竹 稔 齋藤 毅 三好 正人

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.349, pp.79-83, 2013-12-13

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本稿では,愛知県三河地方から石川県への転居者,三河弁話者,石川方言話者を対象に,転居による方言の音響的変化を調査した.話者による意図的な制御が困難とされる母音(母音ホルマント周波数F1,F2とMFCC),鼻濁音(鼻音ホルマント周波数)の音響特徴を調査した.分析の結果,転居者の三河弁の母音ホルマント周波数F1,F2,MFCC,鼻音ホルマント周波数は,石川方言に近い傾向がみられた.これらは,転居者の三河弁の調音が石川方言の影響を受けて変化している可能性があることを示唆している.

著者

防衛庁

出版者

防衛省

巻号頁・発行日

vol.平成19年度,

著者

今田 万里子 巽 あさみ

出版者

日本産業看護学会

雑誌

日本産業看護学会誌 (ISSN:21886377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-8, 2015 (Released:2021-10-29)

参考文献数

20

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【目的】産業看護職の作業環境管理および作業管理に対する実践能力に関連する要因を明らかにする.【方法】産業看護職513名に自記式質問票を郵送し,206名より回答を得た(回収率40.2%).このうち本研究のテーマに沿って実態がより反映された結果を得るために所属機関が企業の者141名に絞って分析を実施した.【結果】役割認識,実践状況と有意な相関を認めた要因は「作業環境管理および作業管理の活動において社外研修が役立っている」,「作業環境管理,作業管理の活動困難感」など6項目であった.実践能力は役割認識と実践状況を介して各要因から影響を受けていると仮定しパス解析を行った.実践能力は実践状況,OJTが役立っている,から影響を受けており,実践状況は事業主の期待・理解・協力に影響を与えている,というモデルが得られた.【考察】実践能力は作業環境管理および作業管理の実践の蓄積により高められる.またOJTによる教育が重要であること,実践が事業主の期待・理解・協力を得ることにつながることが示唆された.

著者

田子 由紀

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.372-395, 1994-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

5 1

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The structure of the female local labor market has been studied from the viewpoint of firms or plants as employers, but housewives' role inside their household has not been analyzed. Housewives' working status has not been discussed in detail, on the other hand, at the level of the content of their working activities, using a time-geog-raphical approach. The purpose of this paper is to establish a system composed both of a plant as an employer and of a housewives as employees, and then to understand the female local labor market by coupling dialectically the plant's working and housewives' activities within a time-geographical perspective. The study area-Aonohara district, Tsukui-machi, Kanagawa Prefecture-is situated in the Greater Tokyo fringe area, where a plastic manufacturing plant was newly located and employed female parttimers.It turns out that the plant's action on the inside- and outside-crisis which occured in the above-mentioned system is grouped into two categories: (1) emergency action and (2) radical reform. As a factor of reduction of product efficiency, immediately, the plant and the housewives cope with that crisis through a daily-rhythm. A crisis which cannot be solved through daily-rhythm, in turn, is solved by the monthly-rhythm schedule adjustment. In the case of a crisis which was not solved even by that adjustment, a radical reform has been required through yearly-rhythm. Further a relocation of the plant might be sometimes needed through life-rhythm.

著者

久野 靖

雑誌

情報教育シンポジウム論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2018, no.1, pp.1-8, 2018-08-12

著者

長谷川 孝治

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.156-177, 1993-04-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

163

被引用文献数

2 2

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In Europe the study of the history of cartography has a long tradition that dates back to the Renaissance, but its establishment as an independent science had to await the works of L. Bagrow and others since the 1930s. During the ensuing fifty years, a great effort has been devoted to organizing an academic and social framework, including publishing general histories of cartography and facsimiles, and founding the academic society Imago Mundi. During the 1980s, paradigmatic changes occurred in the view and methodology of study in this field. These changes were initiated by P. D. A. Harvey's The History of Topographical Maps and particularly by Concepts in the History of Cartography by M. J. Blakemore and J. B. Harley, both works published in 1980.In this paper the contemporary Anglo-American trends in the study of the history of cartography after 1980 are summarized according to the categories of iconology, context, and social history.1. History of Cartography as IconologyVarious methods of interpreting messages conveyed by means of icons and pictures embedded in maps have been employed in the study of the history of cartography and historical geography. In recent studies of the history of cartography, the analysis of animals (W. George 1978), heraldry (R. V. Tooley 1983), portraits (G. Schilder 1985, P. Barber 1990) and other icons found in maps, as well as of the typology of cartographic symbols and legends (C. Delano Smith 1988), has continued.A synthetic method to consider the map as a whole, not to analyze each element on the map or its border separately, was proposed by Harley (1980 & 1983). He used E. Panofsky's iconology as a framework and suggested that a cartographic parallel existed.Attempts to interpret the whole work as a single icon, semantically or symbolically, have often been limited to the title-page of an atlas, rather than considering the maps themselves. Although Tooley (1975) had published a collection of title-pages of atlases, it was R. W. Shirley (1987 & 1988) who systematically organized all of them. Nevertheless these title-pages are categorized only by their format and content, and there is no in-depth interpretation of any individual map. For instance, the title-page of the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by A. Ortelius, the first modern atlas, should be seen as a stronger spatial expression of the Darwinian paradigm than of the relation between those dominating and dominated.2. History of Cartography as ContextBeyond the iconographic interpretation, a contextual approach to consider the individual map in the context of the historical circumstances in which it was produced has been developed. The cultural context, or the relationship between the invention of maps in early modern Europe and the corresponding historical and cultural circumstances, especially those of art, has been discussed by R. Rees (1980), S. Y. Egerton (1987) and S. Alpers (1987). All of these credit the impact of the revival of the Ptolemaic grid system to art.In the political and social context, Harley (1983) applied his method to the meaning and function of the various scale maps under the Tudors and developed cartographic semantics. The county maps of Saxton, for example, were prepared with such things in mind as the bureaucracy, defence, local administration and decoration, and they have been interpreted as symbolizing the county community and serving a social function as the identity of the county and as an intellectual discovery of England. Harley (1988) later employed M. Foucault's concept of power-knowledge and episteme to interpret the relationship between the maps and the ideology in them. This work attempted to divide the empty space in maps, interpreted as silence, into intentional and unintentional silence, and to investigate in particular the role of political, religious and social ideology in the unintentional silence.

著者

諏訪 晴彦 川野 常夫 久保 司郎 長谷川 淳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本工学教育協会

雑誌

工学教育研究講演会講演論文集 第64回年次大会(平成28年度) (ISSN:21898928)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.74-75, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

著者

越前 宏俊

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会

雑誌

臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.193S-194S, 2009 (Released:2009-10-15)

著者

深津雅直 編

出版者

法弘社

巻号頁・発行日

1889

著者

松田 真一 深田 信幸 大石 昌仁 岡 宏明 原 良介 小島 愛 中野 駿 元吉 克明 五十嵐 繁樹 佐々木 裕子 亀山 菜つ子 窪田 和寛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本薬剤疫学会

雑誌

薬剤疫学 (ISSN:13420445)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.41-54, 2021-06-20 (Released:2021-07-26)

参考文献数

17

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保険請求データベース(DB)や電子カルテ DB 等,日常診療の情報が記録されたリアルワールドデータ(real-world data:RWD)は,薬剤疫学研究における重要なデータ源の一つである.日本において,2018年4月より製造販売後調査の新たなカテゴリーとして,医薬品の製造販売後データベース(製販後 DB)調査が追加された.以降,医薬品リスク管理計画(risk management plan:RMP)において製販後 DB 調査が計画され,製販後 DB 調査の実践が期待されているが,現時点で結果公表まで至ったものはほとんどない.一方,海外においては RWD を用いた DB 研究成果は現時点で多数報告されている.海外と日本では,DB 自体の特性(項目・構造等)の違い,医療環境・慣習の違い等を念頭におく必要はあるが,そのような前提を踏まえて海外 DB 調査論文を精読し,研究仮説,研究デザイン,手法等を吟味することは,日本における製販後 DB 調査の計画・実行・結果の解釈を実践するうえで参考価値があると考えた.本報告の目的は,海外 DB 調査論文の批判的吟味を通じて,DB 調査の特徴や注意点を考察すること,そして,日本における製販後DB 調査の実践に役立つ提言を行うことである.本稿が,今後の製販後 DB 調査を計画・実施するうえでの一助になれば幸いである.

著者

青山 宏夫

出版者

日本地図学会

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.24-39, 2018-03-31 (Released:2019-06-17)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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Ph. F. von Siebold came to Japan to serve as physician at the Dutch Trading Post on Deshima in Nagasaki and, upon his return to Europe in 1828, he attempted to take with him a map of Japan, a prohibited item, that he had received from Kageyasu Takahashi, who was in government service as Tenmonkata. When the map was discovered by the government, the persons involved were apprehended and the map was confiscated. This was the so-called “Siebold Incident.” Siebold, however, had covertly made a copy of the map, which he took with him out of the country. Siebold produced a map based on the map he had brought back and published the map, which depicted the shape of the Japanese archipelago more accurately than those existing in Europe at the time, in Leiden, Holland in 1840.The paper identified this map of Japan which Siebold obtained from Kageyasu Takahashi and used as the original source of the Siebold’s map of Japan. In research to date, the map has been conjectured to be the Kana-gaki Inō Tokubetsu Shōzu( Special Small Inō Map with Kana Notations), which is in the collection of the National Diet Library, though there has been no direct evidence that would actually prove this. For verification, a survey was conducted of map materials in the possession of the von Brandenstein-Zeppelin family, descendants of Siebold who currently reside in Germany.This group of map materials has not been well known in map research thus far. After first providing an introduction, it is pointed out that, as a characteristic, it is comprised primarily of handtraced maps, drafts and such. Due to this characteristic, it was possible to determine from this group of map materials the manner in which Siebold actually carried out tasks involving maps. As a result of the survey, five maps of Japan were found that would appear to have a relationship to the Kanagaki Inō Tokubetsu Shōzu. In particular, through a detailed examination of scale and notation content on two of the maps, items 22 and 26, unique characteristics were identified that are apparent in the Kana-gaki Inō Tokubetsu Shōzu, providing definite proof that they were copied. At the same time, by clarifying, based on new materials relating to the Siebold Incident, the content of testimony given by Kageyasu Takahashi, who was subjected to interrogation for the crime of providing Siebold with the map of Japan, a prohibition item, it was confirmed that the map of Japan at issue is indeed the Kana-gaki Inō Tokubetsu Shōzu.Furthermore, examining the place names and longitude/latitude notations on map item 22, it was verified that the major source is Shoshū Keii (Siebold-collection of Leiden University Library), which is an abridged version of Chisei Teiyō(Outline of the Geography of Japan) edited by Kageyasu Takahashi, in addition to the source provided by A. J. von Krusenstern. Based on the facts mentioned above that the Kana-gaki Inō Tokubetsu Shōzu is a map edited by Kageyasu Takahashi and that the major source of information concerning the place names and longitude/latitude notations is Kageyasu Takahashi, it was clarified that he was not merely a provider of a map of Japan but contributed considerably to Siebold’s map of Japan as the provider of his own unique geographical product.

著者

松尾 知之 平野 裕一 川村 卓

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.343-362, 2010 (Released:2010-12-28)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

4 2

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The purposes of this study were to elicit experiential knowledge from expert baseball pitchers and baseball coaches, to elucidate key coaching points related to movement in baseball pitching, to classify them into categories, and to investigate any commonality among them. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four former Japanese professional baseball pitchers and seven expert high-performance (national level) Japanese baseball coaches. Each interviewee was requested to comment on the pitching of 25 amateur baseball pitchers (11 junior high school, 8 high school, and 6 collegiate baseball pitchers), which had been videotaped beforehand. The comments were recorded, dictated literally, and divided into segments on the basis of meaning unit. Based on the properties of the various meaning units, some were gathered and classified into categories. For this process, we conducted a member check and triangulation to improve reliability and validity. We extracted 3283 units and classified them into 14 general categories and 71 specific categories. The most frequent category was “trunk open and quick turn during the stride and arm cocking phases”. However, this accounted for only 5.5% of the total meaning units. The next most frequent categories were “weighting on the pivot foot in the balanced position and during the stride phase” (4.7%) and “the throwing arm movement during the stride phase” (4.6%). The contents of all categories covered various aspects of movement. Among the relatively frequent categories, a few elicited the same opinion among the interviewees, but some had different opinions even about the same pitcher. These results suggest that there is a diversity of coaching points among coaches, and that it is important to know the categories that are determinative and those that should be chosen selectively.

著者

冷 傳慧 佐久間 美明

出版者

地域漁業学会

雑誌

地域漁業研究 (ISSN:13427857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.21-37, 2009-02-01 (Released:2020-12-04)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

3

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中国において,アサリ産業は1980年代の中ごろから現在まで続いている。この間,主産地である黄海と渤海湾周辺におけるアサリ産業は大きな変化があった。アサリ漁業は広い漁場で多数の業者が参入し,それに関わる産業も複数ある。また資金調達や産地競争など市場活動によるリスクのほか,自然災害によるリスクも大きい。それに,稚貝欠如や漁場管理など養殖技術上の問題も存在するし,水産制度金融や漁業災害補償など制度的不備もある。現在,頻発する斃死や日本市場の消費低迷という厳しい状況に置かれて,各業者は加工品市場や中国国内市場の開拓に力を入れているが,アサリ産業は産業構造の再編成を余儀なくされている。

著者

本間 優 土肥 哲哉 吉田 好邦

出版者

一般社団法人 エネルギー・資源学会

雑誌

エネルギー・資源学会論文誌 (ISSN:24330531)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.23-31, 2016 (Released:2019-02-08)

参考文献数

42

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The objective of this study is to evaluate an agrivoltaic system by reflecting the deterioration of rice yield and quality. The agrivoltaic system means introducing photovoltaic power to agricultural fields. By the notification from Ministry of Agriculture, introducing renewable energy to agricultural fields became limitedly possible. However, current agrivoltaic pioneers do not always consider crop quality deterioration brought from a total life cycle shading. We evaluate a deterioration of growing in a paddy field in Chiba prefecture in Japan. Heading time delayed significantly under the shading condition. Number of ears and weight per an ear were also significantly less under PV panels. Utilizing measured data, we modified the conventional crop model, which simulates rice yield, quality and economic efficiency under the shading weather condition. A 20 percent shading reduces the yield by approximately 20 percent. Number of ears per root accounts for 84 percent of the yield, which indicates early period of the growth needs enough amount of solar radiation for improving the rice growth.

著者

鈴木 宏節

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.1, pp.37-68, 2005-06

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This article attempts to prove that a royal member of the Türks (Tujue 突厥), Ashina Simo 阿史那思摩 [583-647], was the great-grandchild of Yili 伊利 (Yili 伊力; O1d Türkic. Illig) Qaγan (Kehan 可汗) and the grandchild of Tabo 他鉢 (Daba 達抜; Sogdian. Tatpar) Qaγan, according to his epitaph and some Chinese sources. Moreover, it is shown that Ashina Simo in fact did succeed to the throne as Julu 倶陸 (Old Türkic. Küllüg) Qaγan [reg. 603-?]. The genealogical table of the first Turkic Qaγanate [552-630] is based on the following conclusions.At the end of the first Türks, the royal family of Ashina was divided to two main lines, namely Yixiji’s and Tabo’s, which politically opposed each other. Because of this conflict, the last three Qaγans from the dominant Yixiji line created the rumor that Simo was not a member of the royal clan in order to deprive him of a chance at re-enthronement. This controversy is what lay in the background of the well-known episode of his not being bestowed with the title of Sad (She 設), giving him military powers.His life history after the collapse of the Türks (630-) is said to have been strongly influenced by the ethnic situation between the Ordos and the Yinshan 陰山 region during the 7th century, because he had played an important role around Xiazhou 夏州, in the south central Ordos region, controlling not only a part of the abandoned Türkic people there, but also a part of Sogdians, who had been originally resided throughout Türks. The author considers such a condition to constitute a characteristic feature of the whole periphery of Central Eurasia, where a nomadic pastoral system and agricultural civilization had come into contact and coexisted.

著者

池本 信義

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.188-192,235, 1970-03-30 (Released:2017-02-10)

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著者は西日本一帯に広く分布しているキョウチクトウの花粉喘息について研究した.キョウチクトウの開花期は尼崎地区においては6月から10月までである.次ぎにその結果を示す.1.当アレルギー外来を本年秋季に訪れた喘息患者61例のうち皮内反応にてキョウチクトウ花粉喘息患者は16例であつた.2.この16例のキョウチクトウ花粉喘息のうち3例は他のアレルゲン皮内反応には陰性であつた.3.問診によりこの16例のキヨウチクトウ花粉喘息患者はキョウチクトウの開花期, とくに6, 7, 8, 9月に喘息症状増長をみた.4.キョウチクトウ花粉喘息のほとんどの症例はキョウチクトウの大部分が生育している尼崎市郊外の居住者である.5.このキョウチクトウ花粉喘息患者のうち2例にP-K反応をおこなつたところ, 1例が陽性で, その閾値は1:2^3であつた.

著者

山田美妙 著

出版者

青木嵩山堂

巻号頁・発行日

1902