著者
土井 信幸 毎田 千恵子 高橋 恵美利 井出 美晴 宮本 悦子 秋山 滋男
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.7, pp.380-392, 2018-07-10 (Released:2019-07-10)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
3

The characteristics of eye drop (ophthalmic solution) containers are reported to be associated with the appropriate use of eye drops. Since patients complain that AZORGA® Combination Ophthalmic Suspension (AZORGA® hereafter) requires more push-out force than other eye drops, there is a possibility that the container of AZORGA® is less usable than other commercially available eye drop containers in Japan. Therefore, we compared the Alconpharma container used for AZORGA® and 3 representative containers as controls, which are available in large quantities in Japan. In addition, a subjective usability questionnaire was performed in healthy adults, and the influences of containers on the subjective usability of high-viscosity eye drop suspensions, such as AZORGA®, were evaluated.The Alconpharma container showed a significantly higher squeeze force necessary to push out 1 drop of AZORGA® and a slightly higher variability in the squeeze force among instillations than that in the other 3 containers. In association with these characteristics of the containers, the subjective usability scores for “container's hardness during instillation” and “easiness of pushing 1 drop out” were significantly lower for the Alconpharma container than for the other 3 containers. These results suggest that not only the characteristics of the AZORGA® solution (high viscosity and suspension) but also those of its container affect the subjective usability of eye drop products.
著者
駒井 二郎
出版者
Japan Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
雑誌
写真測量とリモートセンシング (ISSN:02855844)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.4, pp.36-47, 1995-08-31 (Released:2010-03-19)
参考文献数
17

A number of distinct signatures suspected of relating to Maya relics are observed over northern Yucatan Peninsula, serendipitously, during the geological study on JERS-1/SAR imagery. Among other things, ancient roadways (“sacbe”in indigenous language) are prominent being expressed as linear features, mostly with dark tones, throughout the whole region. Preliminary interpretation shows that these archaeological lineaments might also be indications of putative causeways, moats, walls and the like constructed by Maya people in the past. Another interesting patterns to be noted are numerous bright spots which suggest remains of human dwellings consisted of aggregation of huge mounds, courtyards, buildings including pyramids, from place to place. No verification with on-site ground check is practised yet ; however, the result of correlation with existing data seems to be encouraging to demonstrate the unique potentiality of JERS-1 imagery in radar archaeology, particularly, in terms of penetration through vegetative cover.
著者
劉 欣寧
出版者
史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)
雑誌
史林 = THE SHIRIN or the JOURNAL OF HISTORY (ISSN:03869369)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.95, no.6, pp.823-856, 2012-11-30

戸籍制度には、個別人身支配の手段として、人間を土地に繋げて把握するという特徴が看取できる。本稿は新出簡牘を利用して本籍地について考察を行い、秦漢時代の支配形態の一端を論述した。まず、本籍地が身元表記とされていた理由は、本籍地に保存される記録に繋がるためだと考えられる。つまり、統治のために必要な個人情報を本籍地に集中する仕組みがあり、その人の本籍地さえ解れば、文書一通でかれの履歴を獲得することができたからである。さらに、伝の申請手続きに示されるように、個人情報を保管するのは主として本籍のある郷であったが、県もそれを検校することができた。一方里は文書と無関係にあり、別の手段で民を把握していた。最後に、刑徒の身元表記から考察した結果、刑徒には本籍地がなかったことが解った。戸籍は里に居住する人々を対象に編成されたものであり、刑徒は里から追い出されたため、戸籍からも消し去る必要があったからである。
著者
太田 耕史郎 オオタ コウシロウ Koshiro Ota
雑誌
経済科学研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.81-103, 2014-02-28
著者
江上 園子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.2, pp.148-156, 2007-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
3 1

This study examined the impact of mothers' adherence to “maternal love” on maternal emotional expression toward their children. It was postulated that adherence to “maternal love” (defined as the tendency to accept and obey blindly the traditional maternal role and sociocultural belief in “desirable mothers”) would have both positive and negative effects on maternal emotional expression, depending on the mothers' occupational status and satisfaction in workplace. The results showed an interaction between mothers' adherence to “maternal love” and the mothers' satisfaction in the workplace, which affected their expression of emotion. When satisfaction in the workplace was rated in the middle, it was positively associated with positive emotional expression. When satisfaction in the workplace was rated as high, it was both positively and negatively associated with positive emotional expression for full-time workers. Moreover, when satisfaction in the workplace was rated as in the middle, it was negatively associated with negative emotional expression, and when satisfaction in the workplace was rated as low or high, it was positively associated with negative emotional expression for all workers. These findings confirmed that mothers' adherence to “maternal love” is “the double-edged sword”.
著者
石井 国雄 田戸岡 好香
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.3, pp.240-248, 2015 (Released:2015-08-25)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1 8

Previous research has suggested that Western European individuals exhibit negative attitudes toward older adults under pathogen threat. The present study investigated whether Japanese individuals exhibited ageism when pathogen threat was salient. Additionally, the study determined whether pathogen threat would have less of an impact on ageism among individuals with experience living with older adults. Study 1 showed that when pathogen threat was chronically and contextually salient, Japanese university students who had no experience living with older adults exhibited ageism, while those with such experience did not. Study 2 showed similar findings among Japanese nursing students. We argue that familiarity with older adults is essential for diminishing ageism in the event of a pathogen threat.
著者
白坂 善之
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.140, no.5, pp.599-608, 2020-05-01 (Released:2020-05-01)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2

Although oral drugs account for 80% of the world drug market, many difficulties arise in their development. The drug absorption profile after oral administration may be influenced by multiple factors, including dosing conditions and physiological state of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Variability in GI fluid volume may influence the absorption characteristics. Indeed, the contributions of passive diffusion, transporters, and metabolic enzymes depend on GI drug concentration, which is influenced by changes in GI fluid volume. However, this important variable has been neglected in many prediction methods for oral drug absorption and drug interactions, and for convenience it is often assumed that the GI water volume is fixed at a constant value. Major global regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) recommend using a constant fluid volume of 250 mL (the fluid volume of a glass of water) to estimate the theoretical GI concentration of drugs after oral administration. However, the actual volume of water in the GI tract is both time- and site-dependent as a result of water intake, absorption, secretion, and GI transit. This review article summarizes our data showing that luminal water volume is influenced by the osmolality of the applied solution, and illustrates how this effect may contribute to changes in GI drug concentration, resulting in altered drug absorption.
著者
相川 充 大城 トモ子 横川 和章
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.3, pp.200-203, 1983-08-30 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1

The present study was designed to examine the effect of personalistic attribution and the intimacy level of disclosure on interpersonal attraction and reciprocity of self-disclosure. Two subjects were exposed to a disclosure of low (medium, high) intimacy level by a partner (confederate). In order to manipulate personalistic attribution, she (confederate) was asked in advance to choose whether to talk (disclose herself) to one or both of the subjects. Results confirmed a curvilinear relationship between the intimacy level of disclosure and interpersonal attraction. Reciprocity was higher when self-disclosure was at the medium level. However, no particular effect of personalistic attribution was confirmed.
著者
關戸 啓子 歳常 沙樹 世古 まゆみ 郷木 八重子 軽部 太一
出版者
日本産業教育学会
雑誌
産業教育学研究 (ISSN:13405926)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.1, pp.20-21, 2004-01-30 (Released:2017-07-18)

看護系大学に編入学した看護師のニードにあった教育を検討する資料とするために、編入学生が編入学に至った動機と理由を調査した。協力の得られた女子編入学生12人に、1対1で面接調査を行った。その内容をKJ法で分析した結果、編入学の動機は「学歴に対する社会的評価」「進学に関する挫折体験」「知識・技術の不足感」「看護に対する挫折体験」であった。編入学の理由は「大学への憧れ・期待」「自己向上」「勧め」「就職先の拡大」「逃避先として」であった。
著者
小川 知彦
出版者
大阪大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
1995

本研究は,成人性歯周炎の原因菌として目されるPorphyromonas gingibalis菌体表層の41K線毛ならびに菌体表層蛋白72K-CSPに対する特異抗体を用いて,成人性歯周炎患者の歯周ポケット中のP. gingivalisを特異的に検出することならびに同菌体のこれら表層蛋白の抗原エピトープを明らかにし,歯周病患者の歯肉溝液,唾液ならびに血清中の特異免疫反応を,試料採取したペ-パ-ポイント上でELISAにより発色し,迅速かつ容易に評価しようとした.その結果、概略次のような結果を得た.1)歯周病患者の血清を用いて,B細胞エピトープ領域をELISA法により検討した結果,41K線毛では6領域,′72K-CSPでは7領域がそれぞれ明らかとなった.2)防水加工したペ-パ-ポイントを作成し,所定数のP. gingivalis菌体を同ペ-パ-ポイント上に吸着し,作出したウサギ抗血清やマウスモノクローナル抗体を用いて,P. gingivalisの細菌数とELISAによる反応性において明確な用量-反応関係が得られた.3)歯周病患者の歯肉溝液,唾液ならびに血清中のP. gingivalis線毛蛋白抗原やそのエピトープに対応するペプチド抗原に対する特異抗体を調べ,その反応性と歯周病との関係を検討した.その結果,P. gingivalisの2つのタイプの線毛蛋白抗原やそのB細胞エピトープのペプチドと患者歯肉溝液および同血清と明確な反応がみられた.また,2つのタイプの線毛蛋白抗原に両方反応する血清やそれぞれの線毛抗原にしか反応しない血清が認められた.さらに,歯肉溝液との反応において調べた限りでは,特にIgGサブクラスにおいて病態の悪化にともないIgG4サブクラスの反応性が強まる傾向が見られた.