著者

石塚 丈晴 堀田 龍也 小川 雅弘 山田 智之

出版者

日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学雑誌 (ISSN:03855236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.225-228, 2004-03-05

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3

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本研究では,PDAの手書き文字認識機能を利用して書きとり練習を行なう漢字ドリル学習システムを開発した.本システムを搭載したPDAを1クラスの児童全員に各1台貸与し,PDA漢字ドリルと学習効果の関係について研究を行なった.その結果,PDA漢字ドリルの利用量が多いほど漢字能力も向上するという関係があることが,判明した.一方で,児童の学習記録を教師が把握し適切な指導を随時行なっていく必要も判明し,そのためのシステムを今後開発していく必要があることが分かった.

著者

福沢諭吉 著

出版者

国民図書

巻号頁・発行日

vol.苐八卷, 1926

著者

田中 英高 藤田 之彦 石谷 暢男 梶原 荘平 増谷 聡 松島 礼子

雑誌

子どもの心とからだ : 日本小児心身医学会雑誌 : journal of Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Pediatrics (ISSN:09185526)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.89-143, 2007-08-20

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

9

著者

村田 勇 阿部 景香 斉藤 美穂 井上 裕 金本 郁男

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.12, pp.691-700, 2017-12-10 (Released:2018-12-10)

参考文献数

14

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The influenza virus causes seasonal influenza epidemics and, from time to time, worldwide pandemics. Seasonal influenza epidemics in winter cause increased morbidity because vaccination is aimed at preventing influenza. However, influenza treatment is limited because oseltamivir cannot be used in children. Recently, Kampo medicine containing maoto was reported to have anti-viral and antipyretic effects. In Japan, maoto is generally administered as concentrated extract-granules. However, children do not like to take the maoto extract-granules because of their distinctive smell and bitter taste. Therefore, masking the smell and bitter taste is necessary for administration to children who are unable to take oral medications. In this study, we developed and characterized a new chocolate formulation for masking the maoto extract, using human sensory tests.The chocolate bases A to J (10 forms) were selected from commercial products. The total evaluation score for the maoto extract-containing chocolate formulation-D (Mao/nC) was the highest of the 10 forms according to the human sensory test results. The maoto extract-containing adjusted chocolate formulation (Mao/OrC) was based on an adjusted version of the Mao/nC formulation. The Mao/OrC exhibited improved smell and sweetness and overall evaluation scores compared with the Mao/nC, according to the human sensory test results. The results of a dissolution test, drug release test, and viscosity and osmotic pressure of the Mao/OrC were improved compared with those of the Mao/nC, and those of bioequivalence were similar. These results suggest that the Mao/OrC could be used as a new masking chocolate formulation for preparation in hospitals.

著者

中 正樹

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.182-183, 2009-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

著者

荒川 理恵

雑誌

学習院大学人文科学論集 (ISSN:09190791)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.33-53, 1996-09-30

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There are various legends of“SUGARU”in‘‘NIHON-SHOKI”,“NIHON-RYOIKI”, and‘‘SHINSEN・SHOJIROKU”. In these legends,“SUGARU”is related to the empress and the emperor, or to silkworms and thunderbolts, at first sight, with such strange episodes as gathering babies instead of silkworlns, or caputuring the got of thunderbolt. Although there are already some studies about“SUGARU’,, we have as yet no clear explanation about the relationship between‘‘SUGARU”and those strange episodes. This paper examines the relationship between the empress and the emperor量n comparison with the Iegends of‘‘SUGARU”. They are based mainly on two ideas;the identification of the empress with the goddess of silkworm(on the one hand), and the assimilatioll of the emperor to the deity of storm and thunderbolt(on the other hand). The sexual union of the empress and the emperor means(mythologicaUy speaking)that of the goddess of silkworm and the god of thunderbolt as we find in the myth of“AMATERASU”and“SUSANOWO”. In conclusion, there is a similarity of the mythical structure of the relationship between the empress and the emperor(on the one hand)and that between“AMATERASU”and“SUSANOWO”(on the other hand).

著者

小平 英志 小塩 真司 速水 敏彦

出版者

日本パーソナリティ心理学会

雑誌

パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.217-227, 2007 (Released:2007-04-10)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

11 7

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本研究の目的は,対人関係で経験される抑鬱感情と敵意感情に焦点を当て,仮想的有能感と日常の感情経験との関連を検討することであった。調査1では,仮想的有能感尺度および自尊感情尺度が実施された。続く調査2では,大学生445名(男性238名,女性207名)を対象に,1日のうち印象に残っている対人関係上の出来事とそれに対する抑鬱感情・敵意感情を7日間に渡って記入するように求めた。その結果,他者軽視傾向が強く自尊感情の低い『仮想型』が,抑鬱感情,敵意感情の両方を強く感じていること示された。また,7日間の評定値の変動に関しても,他者軽視傾向が弱く自尊感情の高い『自尊型』と比較して大きいことが示された。本研究の結果から『仮想型』に分類される個人は,特に対人関係に関わる出来事に関して,日常から不安定で強い抑鬱感情,敵意感情を経験していることが示された。

著者

曽根 悟

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌D(産業応用部門誌) (ISSN:09136339)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.6, pp.612-615, 1994-06-20 (Released:2008-12-19)

著者

鈴木 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.364-367, 2011 (Released:2011-10-06)

参考文献数

11

著者

高野 史男

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.12, pp.629-642, 1959-12-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

4 5

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最近の各地における急激な都市化現象の進行とともに都市化の研究が学界の関心事となつたが,都市化の概念はまだ確立していない.都市化には都市化のエネルギーがどこからどんな形で作用するかによつて,(1)大都市型都市化,(2)地域中心型都市化,(3)工業化型都市化,(4)在来工業型都市化,の4つの類型がある.現実にはこれらの混合型も多い.これらの諸類型は経済の種々な発展段階に対応して歴史的に形成されたもので,(2)と(4)は産業革命による近代的生産様式の発展以前またはそれと無関係に行われるものであり(前近代的都市化),(1)と(3)は近代的生産様式に基礎をおく近代社会に特有のものである(近代的都市化),とくに(3)は独占資本主義段階においてあらわれる.これら諸類型に共通な点はruralな地域がurbanな地域に変質する過程の存在であり,そこに都市化の本質がある.ここで地域というものを土地と人間との結合によつて成立するものと考えれば,地域のruralからurbanへの変質は土地利用と労働形態との2面に示されることになる.また都市化は近代以後の概念であることからすれば,都市化とは近代産業の発展によつてrura1な地域がurbanな地域へ変質する過程に外ならない.したがつて厳密には近代的都市化のみが真の都市化である.そして都市化は工業化よりも広く近代化よりも狭い概念であるといえる. 地理学における都市化研究は都市化過程の対象(土地利用と労働),主体(資本),原因およびそれらの地域的時間的対比などによつて構成さるべきであろう.

著者

荒川 敏彦

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究 (ISSN:03873293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.2, pp.3-25, 2017

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<p>マックス・ヴェーバーにおける宗教と経済という問題は、『プロテスタンティズムの倫理と資本主義の精神』の再解釈という性格を帯びる。その再解釈に際しては、『倫理』以外の業績と『倫理』との関係を考慮する必要がある。本稿では次の三点を指摘した。第一に、ヴェーバーは経済や法の概念とは異なり、宗教概念に対してのみその本質規定の拒否を明記したが、そこには同時代の宗教研究状況に対する彼の宗教社会学の位置が反映されている。第二に、ヴェーバーの宗教社会学には歴史的研究と理論的研究の二つの方向があるが、歴史的研究は理念型を駆使した理論的性格をもち、理論的研究には『倫理』など歴史的研究の成果が盛り込まれている。相異なる方向性をもつ諸著作は完結しているのではなく、著作間の相互連関によって問いが深化しているのである。第三に、神義論問題は経済格差の問題として解釈可能であり、経済的不平等を正当化する宗教倫理の形成と作用の問題は、現代の宗教と経済の問題を考える上で重要なヒントになる。</p>

著者

間瀬 久雄 絹川 博之 森井 洋 中尾 政之 畑村 洋太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.94-103, 2002 (Released:2002-04-04)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 5

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This paper describes a system that directly supports a design process in a mechanical domain. This system is based on a thinking process development diagram that draws distinctions between requirement, tasks, solutions, and implementation, which enables designers to expand and deepen their thoughts of design. The system provides five main functions that designers require in each phase of the proposed design process: (1) thinking process description support which enables designers to describe their thoughts, (2) creativity support by term association with thesauri, (3) timely display of design knowledge including know-how obtained through earlier failures, general design theories, standard-parts data, and past designs, (4) design problem solving support using 46 kinds of thinking operations, and (5) proper technology transfer support which accumulates not only design conclusions but also the design process. Though this system is applied to mechanical engineering as the first target domain, it can be easily expanded to many other domains such as architecture and electricity.

著者

西牟田 祐二

出版者

京都大學經濟學會

雑誌

經濟論叢 (ISSN:00130273)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.164, no.1, pp.1-30, 1999-07

著者

山下 清海

出版者

地理空間学会

雑誌

地理空間 (ISSN:18829872)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.249-265, 2016 (Released:2018-04-04)

被引用文献数

1

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1970年代以降,日本では在留外国人が増加し,国籍別の構成にも大きな変化がみられるようになった。本稿では,特定の外国人集団のみに焦点を当てるのではなく,多様な在日外国人の動向を日本全体でとらえることに努めた。とりわけ,2008年のリーマンショックおよび2011年の東日本大震災を契機とする在日外国人を取り巻く状況の大きな変化を明らかにし,その要因について考察することを目的とした。第二次世界大戦後の在日外国人の動向とその背景について,第1期(1970年代以前),第2期(1980年代~2008年),そして第3期(2009年以降~現在)に分けて検討した。特にリーマンショックおよび東日本大震災の影響を受けた第3期は,在日外国人の状況が,これまでと大きく異なる新しい段階に入ったことを指摘した。すなわち日系ブラジル人の減少,および「ポスト中国」として,ベトナム人,ネパール人などの留学生・技能実習生の急激な増加がみられた。外国人ニューカマーは,ホスト社会の日本で多様な適応戦略を採っているが,それらの中でも特徴的な中国大陸出身者が経営する「台湾料理店」,およびネパール人の「インド・ネパール料理店」の経営の背景に借り傘戦略があることを明らかにした。

著者

進 健司 小林 大介 川尻 雄大 牛島 悠一 梅田 勇一 金澤 康範 神村 英利 島添 隆雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.2, pp.317-325, 2019-02-01 (Released:2019-02-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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Psychiatric treatment is shifting from hospital to ambulatory care. It is important that pharmacists positively support outpatients. Pharmacist-led interviews with outpatients have been conducted in the psychiatric department of Iizuka Hospital before examination by the doctor since 2015. Few studies in this field have reported about the effect of the pharmacist-led interviews using subjective evaluation of outpatients prior to examination by doctors. The aim of this study was to reveal this effect by the evaluation of outpatients. We conducted a questionnaire survey. More than 80% of the patients responded that it was “Good” to have an interview with the pharmacist prior to examination by the doctor. Moreover, 71.7% of the patients were “Satisfied” with the pharmacist-led interview, while 81.7% of them responded to “Agree” about continuing the interview in the future. Patients who were satisfied and wished to continue the pharmacist-led interviews were more likely to report better rapport with the doctor as well, in comparison to the patients who answered negatively. Furthermore, the patients who answered “Satisfied” were significantly less likely to forget reporting to the doctor than those who answered negatively. The pharmacist-led interviews in the psychiatric department were appreciated by the patients. In conclusion, pharmacists can facilitate communication between patients and doctors through these interviews. These results indicate that the pharmacist-led interview before the doctor examination is a useful effort from the perspective of outpatients.

著者

間篠 剛留 原 圭寛 翟 高燕 塔 娜

出版者

慶應義塾大学大学院社会学研究科

雑誌

慶應義塾大学大学院社会学研究科紀要 : 社会学・心理学・教育学 : 人間と社会の探究 (ISSN:0912456X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.79, pp.1-14, 2015

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This paper examines how concepts of scholarship, especially scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) and scholarship of engagement (SoE), have developed among academic theorists based on Ernest L. Boyer's Scholarship Reconsidered (1990).To break out of the monotonous old debate of teaching versus research, Boyer attempted to redefine the meaning of scholarship. He proposed four types of scholarship -discovery, integration, application, and teaching— and insisted that they be equally respected. Since Boyer's proposition, many scholars have actively debated what scholarship is, and new concepts of scholarship, such as SoTL and SoE, have been developed.Recently, American scholarship has had two important tendencies: one is disaggregated, specific, and concrete; the other is aggregated, holistic, and abstract. Advocates of the former regard the new types of scholarship, such as SoTL and SoE, as extensions of one of Boyer's original four types. Hence, these advocates believe SoTL to be an extension of scholarship of teaching and SoE to be an extension of scholarship of application. These arguments provide concrete representations of scholarship, something that Boyer did not provide, and this helps people recognize the significance of teaching and learning or service and outreach. SoTL and SoE programs are useful in helping convince people that the work of teaching and learningshould be evaluated. Because the call for accountability is strong today and certain specialized appointees typically focus their energies on only one of the traditionally integrated faculty functions, administrators and scholars are likely to welcome new types of scholarship. This specific and concrete concept has succeeded in appropriately evaluating work that Boyer had earmarked for evaluation.However, this concept of scholarship contains a weakness that disregards Boyer's principles. If one sees SoTL and SoE as merely developmental ideas of the scholarship of teaching and the scholarship of application, and as programs or activities concerning them, the possibility of conflict among research, teaching, and service arises anew. Hence, another conceptual type of scholarship has emerged: the comprehensive type, which advocates regard as a construction of Boyer's four forms of scholarship or a principle for constructing them. In this way, scholars regard SoTL as scholarship that emphasizes teaching and learning and SoE as a form that emphasizes service. This new, comprehensive type of scholarship yields a critical perspective on specific types. Boyer offers the four types of scholarship as a common ground concept that all academic professions must share, and comprehensive scholarship advocates the importance of the types of thinking inherent in those four original types. Advocates of comprehensive scholarship attempt to reconstruct Boyer's four types flexibly, so that American academic professions can foster diversity and share common ground.論文

著者

設楽 薫

出版者

公益財団法人史学会

雑誌

史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.7, pp.1142-1159, 1255-1254, 1987-07-20

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Historians specializing in Muromachi politics during the rein of the 10th shogun Ashikaga Yoshiki 足利義材 have thus far focused their attention on his banishment in 1493 (the Meio Incident), which resulted in the assumption of power by the Hosokawa family. Very little interest, however, has been shown toward the problem of Yoshiki's shogunal governance itself. By analyzing the characteristics and background of Yoshiki's direct judgments (gozen sata 御前沙汰), the author attempts to redress this imbalance and also to improve our understanding of the actual status of Yoshiki's reign. The shogun's direct judgments were usually recorded in the ukagaigoto kiroku 伺事記録, a record kept by the officials who screened matters for the shogun's approval. The record for 1490 and related documents illuminate the shifts in procedure and personnel affairs after the Onin War. The judgment process originally took place only in the presence of the shogun, but Yoshiki always received applications and transmitted his decisions through a rapporteur (moshitsugi 申次). Two reasons for this change can be adduced : (1)the new process provided an effective means of dealing with the increasing number of suits and applications, regardless of when the next shogunal audience was scheduled or what personnel were on duty ; and (2)the shogun's cloistered father, Yoshimi, exercised the real power within the administration, although he had himself never been shogun. The rapporteurs were selected from among those long-term confidents of Yoshimi and Yoshiki, such as HAMURO Mitsutada 葉室光忠, TANEMURA Gyobu 種村刑部 and ISSIKI Jibu 一色治部. Yoshimi and his son lacked confldent retainers within the court at the time of Yoshiki's succession, because Yoshimi had been the very leader of anti-shogun Western force during the Onin War (1467-1477). Yoshimi and Yoshiki therefore tended to place greater trust in their long-term confidents than in those who newly came into service at Yoshiki's court. As close retainers these rapporteurs were entrusted with supervising matters involving the shogun's direct judgment. The shogun's liege vassals can be divided into the three categories : (1)those who had served with him before the Onin War, that is, men who were not hereditary servants of the bakufu ; (2)those who came to serve under Yoshimi during the Onin War ; and (3)those who came into service after Yoshiki's succession. Most of the persons whose names came up in gozen sata documents represented categories (1) and (2). Shogunal confidence in them was 'high' but his reliance on them inevitably led to feelings of estrangement on the part of hereditary servants of the bakufu. This, in turn, hastened the decline of Yoshiki himself in the Meio Incident.

著者

岩波書店

出版者

岩波書店

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.12, 1959-12

著者

下山 晃

出版者

日本農業史学会

雑誌

農業史研究 (ISSN:13475614)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.28-41, 2007 (Released:2017-03-23)

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Indigo is the major dye that made the world history and culture. It was called "Devil's Dye" by the rival woad dyers of the Middle Ages. In the modern world, the indigo cultivation was related to slavery in the European colonies of the West Indies and North & South America, and to the forced-labour cultivation system in Asia. Therefore, it is possible to say that it actually became "Devil's Dye" in history. In this thesis, we glance at the history, with the cultural and social meaning, of the manufacturing process of purple (Phoenician Blue) and woad dye. And the relations between indigo and slavery in the modern ages are analyzed. In addition, we prove the compulsion- cultivation system of indigo in India under the British rule, and we point out the fact that the shift of the policy of British Empire, from Americas to East India, was caused by American Revolution, and that the system played the main role with opium trade in the structure of industrializing British Empire. The huge exportation of the indigo dye from India reached Japan after 1880's. German synthetic dye brought serious damage upon the traditional indigo industry of the world and Japan, but it seems that enormous distribution of natural Indian indigo played a major role for a while in Japanese market even after the beginning of importation of the artificial blue dye.

著者

鳥山 啓[作詞]

出版者

キングレコード

巻号頁・発行日

1941-08