著者
和田 哲也 友添 秀則
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.5, pp.337-348, 1994-01-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the activity of kenjyutsu, the traditional physical culture in Japan, practiced as a match or sport in the latter period of Edo era. The object of this study was Sekiguchi-school of Takeda family that was transmitted in the Yoshino River area in the province of Awa (Tokushima prefecture) . The authors investigated the actual condition and character of kenjyutsu in those days using the historical materials of "nogeiko" (the outdoor meet of kenjyutsu) of the school. The findings of this study were summarized as follows : 1) The "taryu-jiai", in which kenjyutsu had come to be practiced as a match in the latter period of Edo era, was carried mainly by the common people rather than the people in the class of samurai and was activated all over the country. 2) "Nogeiko" of Sekiguchi-school of Takeda family was intended to open to the public from the beginning, and it was planned elaborately and practiced systematically. Almost all of the matches in the "nogeiko" were practiced by one person against one, though these were practiced with some formations supposing an actual battle, and there were "metsuke"(referee) who judged victory or defeat. 3) These matches were practiced under the free and large-hearted atmosphere beeing unbound to the ethical idea of Confucianism, and this "nogeiko" had a character of an amusement or pleasure of the common people. 4) This case means that kenjyutsu was practiced as an activity of a match or sport, whose style agreed with several melkmarls pointed by Guttmann, in the province far from the governmental center of this country. This is assumed not to be particular in the area of Tokushima prefecture but to be general in the localities of this country in those days. 5) Practice of kenjyutsu as a match or sport like this and accumulation of the experience,which became a basic condition to accept modern sports since Meiji era in japan, seems to make the rapid diffusion of it easily.
著者
山地 裕 馬嶋 健一郎 和田 亮一 光島 徹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本消化器がん検診学会
雑誌
日本消化器がん検診学会雑誌 (ISSN:18807666)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.5, pp.666-675, 2017 (Released:2017-09-27)
参考文献数
19

我々は便潜血検査免疫法(IFOBT)1日法と同時に実施した大腸内視鏡検診の成績から, IFOBTの感度と無症候者における大腸腫瘍有病率について報告してきたが, このデータセットを用いて陽性反応適中度(PPV)の推定を行った。初回の内視鏡検診の結果を検診対象者の大腸腫瘍の有病率として適用し, また通常の検診で行われる2日法の場合の推定のため, 1回ごとの各病変の陽性率が1日法の成績と同一, かつ1回ごとに独立である, と仮定した。浸潤癌に対するPPVは, 40歳代男性では2日法1回のみ陽性で0.3%, 2回陽性では10%, 女性は1回陽性0.7%, 2回陽性19%と推定された。同様に50歳代男性1.7%と26%, 女性0.8%と15%, 60歳代男性4.1%と49%, 女性2.9%と44%と推定された。同じ便潜血陽性であってもPPVは年齢とともに上昇し, また2日法2回陽性者は1回陽性の場合に比べ格段に高リスクと考えられた。
著者
和田 宗士
巻号頁・発行日
2008

学位種別:修士,学位授与年度:平成20年度, 所属:教科・領域教育学専攻自然系コース数学
著者
遠山 泰崇 佐藤 雄己 鈴木 陽介 田辺 三思 竹中 隆一 和田 伸介 石井 圭亮 伊東 弘樹
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.8, pp.594-599, 2015-08-10 (Released:2016-08-10)
参考文献数
18

We report the cases of 10 patients with acute lithium intoxication who were treated over the past 6 years. The range of lithium overdose was 600 mg to 9,600 mg and the lithium concentration of all cases was greater than the toxic concentration. Three of the 10 cases were treated with fluid therapy. Another 3 cases were treated with continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF). The rest were treated with hemodialysis (HD). The serum lithium concentration of the 3 patients with fluid therapy gradually decreased. However, it took 24 hours after the treatment to reach the therapeutic level in Case 2 since the slope was comparatively loose. In the meantime, the high lithium concentration of patients with CHDF (Cases 4, 8, 10) and HD rapidly decreased and it finally reached the therapeutic level. But a post-dialysis rebound effect in the lithium concentration was detected in Case 9. This report shows that CHDF and HD is an effective and sufficient treatment for lowering the serum concentration of lithium in a short period in acute lithium toxicity. As the serum lithium concentration of a patient with HD often rebounds and repeated or prolonged treatment may be required, we reaffirmed the patient's condition. Thus, completion of HD should be judged based on not only serum lithium concentration but also sufficient observation of the clinical course.
著者
和田 正法
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.287, pp.186-200, 2018 (Released:2021-01-24)

The Imperial College of Engineering (ICE, or Kōbu-Daigakkō) in Tokyo, founded in 1873 under the auspices of the Ministry of Public Works, was one of the most prominent modern institutions of engineering education in early Meiji Japan. The college offered seven (later eight) courses in engineering. A total of 211 students graduated from ICE in seven times commencements during 13 years of operation until its merger with the contemporary University of Tokyo in 1886. Historians have recognized that ICE offered better engineering education than other colleges, such as the University of Tokyo and the succeeding Imperial University, because ICE offered higher-level practical training under governmental enterprises. Focusing on the closure of ICE, this paper reappraises its educational role in Meiji Japan. It shows that the government established ICE not because of the demand from industry, but to train engineers and professors to substitute for foreign employees, a process that was largely complete by around 1882. At the same time, there were two major failings in the educational system: (i) Higher educational institutions were completely separated from lower schools. The level of the original curriculum of ICE was too high to recruit capable candidates. (ii) Meiji Japan lacked a comprehensive plan for technical education. The government totally ignored the training of foremen and technicians. Given these two shortcomings of the Meiji educational system, ICEʼs superiority was insignificant. Facing financial difficulties, the government had no choice but to close it.
著者
山本 達郎 和田 久徳
出版者
東南アジア学会
雑誌
南方史研究 (ISSN:2185050X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1963, no.3, pp.A1-A4,1, 1963-08-15 (Released:2010-10-22)

For more than fifteen years the Society of Southern Asian Studies has been working on Chinese source materials concerning Southern Asian countries. During the years 1959 and 1960, the study group of the Southeast Asian history made a research into the section Chiao-chih (Viet-nam) in the part Fan-i _??__??_ (barbarians) of Sung-hui-yao chi-kao. This projest was supporeted by a study grant from the Ministry of Education.Present article is a collated text and translation of the first half of the section Chiao-chih section (up to A. D. 1067). The translation was done by members of the group and revised by Tatsurô YAMAMOTO and Hisanori WADA with the collaboration of Yoshio KANAYAMA.It consists of two parts: the first is the collated text of Sung-hui-yao with punctuations, the second is its Japanese translation followed by notes on events, proper names and official titles.
著者
藤原 帰一 城山 英明 ヘン イークァン ORSI ROBERTO 和田 毅 錦田 愛子 華井 和代 HUSSAIN NAZIA 中溝 和弥 竹中 千春 清水 展 杉山 昌広
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
基盤研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
2019-04-01

本研究は、水資源を焦点に、グローバル・サウスの地域・国々の事例を取り上げ、気候変動による自然の衝撃が社会と政治にどのようなストレスをもたらすか、また、いかなる過程を経て社会の不安定化、資源獲得競争、国家の動揺、武力紛争、難民・移民などの現象を引き起こす原因となるのかを問い、気候変動政治のメカニズムを解明する。同時に、自然の脅威を前に国際社会、国家、草の根社会がいかなる緩和と適応を行うかを考察し、気候変動レジリアンスの仮説を提示する。さらに、気候変動安全保障を中核とする新しい安全保障論と、国連持続可能な開発目標(SDGs)とを連携させたグローバル・ガバナンス論を論じ、政策的検討を試みる。
著者
南出 竜典 和田 将弥 谷口 洋平 福島 政司 森田 周子 占野 尚人 井上 聡子 鄭 浩柄 杉之下 与志樹 今井 幸弘 猪熊 哲朗
出版者
一般社団法人 日本膵臓学会
雑誌
膵臓 (ISSN:09130071)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.2, pp.150-157, 2016-04-25 (Released:2016-04-29)
参考文献数
13

症例は19歳女性.発汗過多,高血圧を主訴に当院を受診し,精査の結果両側副腎褐色細胞腫だけでなく多発する膵神経内分泌腫瘍(pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor;PNET)を認めた.多臓器腫瘍,家族歴を踏まえてvon Hippel-Lindau病(VHL病)の診断に至った.膵病変に対しては,膵機能温存の観点から膵全摘を回避し,膵体尾部切除術,膵頭部腫瘍核出術を施行した.病理組織学的検討では,切除標本内に術前に指摘しえたPNETに加えて複数のPNETが認められたが,これらは病変サイズが小さいことからも診断困難であったと考えられる.VHL病においては,膵病変を含めて同時性・異時性に腫瘍が多発しうることに留意し,慎重な術式選択,経過観察が重要である.
著者
武智 研志 古手川 明里 千石 莉音 西隅 勇翔 谷川 愛采 和田 真志 本橋 直人 高取 真吾 柴田 和彦 難波 弘行
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.142, no.8, pp.875-882, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-08-01)
参考文献数
21

We investigated a situation of passive smoking and its damaging effects among high school students. Urine cotinine concentration was measured and quantified. Additionally, we evaluated the awareness of passive smoking and smoking regulations in high school students, and the educational effect on passive smoking using a questionnaire survey and educational videos produced by high school students. We conducted a self-reporting questionnaire survey with high school students before and after watching the video produced by the high school students. We gathered the scores of the Kano Social Nicotine Dependence Questionnaire (KTSND) and awareness of smoking restrictions. Consent was obtained through the questionnaire before watching the video and collecting urine samples. Urine cotinine concentrations from 54 samples were evaluated and indicated within the low value. The KTSND score significantly decreased for those who responded to both questionnaires, after watching the video. Furthermore, analysis of the KTSND questionnaire items showed a significant decrease in scores for lifestyle, stress, and smoking location. This suggests that the video produced in this study has a certain amount of educational effect on passive smoking and that the student-led educational method is effective. The survey using the KTSND revealed that there were some students who were not exposed to passive smoking, but instead had high smoking tolerance. Going forward, it will be necessary to promote education on passive smoking and smoking prevention by incorporating the video lecture and urine cotinine concentration was measured, as in this study, to encourage behavior that decreases passive smoking among high school students.
著者
内田 啓一 馬瀬 直通 深澤 常克 和田 ゆかり 長内 剛 和田 卓郎
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本歯科放射線学会
雑誌
歯科放射線 (ISSN:03899705)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.3, pp.176-181, 1996-09-30 (Released:2011-09-05)
参考文献数
14

The hyoid bone is a bone not directly connected with other bones. Rather it is surrounded by soft tissues, mandible and vertebra. These act a protector to the traumatic injury. We herein report two cases of hyoid bone fracture. A 29- year- old man was tackled during a football game. After the game, he experienced continous pain for a week while swallowing. A plain radiograph did not reveal the cause of his pain at the first examination, but CT images taken more than a week later revealed a hyoid bone injury. The 3D image shows the dislocation of a fragment of the bone. A 46- year- old man had injured his mandible in a traffic accident and thereafter experienced severe pain in his jaw and was unable to open his mouth. The fracture of his mandibular body and ramus was found by radiography. The repositioning operation of the mandibule was considered successful, but the hyoid bone fracture was not discovered at that time. After the operation, the patient complained of gradual pain upon swallowing, and a subsequent radiographic examination showed that the hyoid bone had been fractured. In both cases, it was confirmed that ordinary lateral oblique radiography should be technically modified to some extent, and CT or other images might be necessary for the detection or diagnosis of hyoid bone fracture.
著者
久世 濃子 河野 礼子 蔦谷 匠 金森 朝子 井上 陽一 石和田 研二 坂上 和弘
出版者
日本霊長類学会
雑誌
霊長類研究 Supplement 第34回日本霊長類学会大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.52, 2018 (Released:2018-11-22)

オランウータン(Pongo属)は,大きな体(雄:80kg,雌40kg)で樹上から下りることがほとんどないので,他の霊長類に比べて捕食のリスクが小さいと考えられている(Wich et al. 2004)。本研究では,野生オランウータンの頭骨を対象に,法医学的手法を用いて,中大型哺乳類に攻撃された可能性を検証した。対象の頭骨(頭蓋冠のみ:顎骨と歯は消失)は,ボルネオ島北部マレーシア領サバ州のダナムバレイ保護区内の熱帯雨林の林床で,2016年発見された。頭骨には側頭部に複数の損傷(貫通穴)が見られ,動物による咬傷の可能性が考えられた。主要な2つの穴の穴間距離(A)および,アタッカー候補である4種の上顎犬歯間距離(B)を測定した。アタッカー候補として,同所的に生息している中大型の肉食もしくは雑食(動物性食物を摂取した報告がある種)の哺乳類,ウンピョウ(Neofelis diardii),ヒゲイノシシ(Sus barbatus),マレーグマ(Helarctos malayanus),ボルネオオランウータン(Pongo pygmaeus)の頭骨標本(博物館等に所蔵)を用いて,Bを測定した。穴間距離A:35mmに最も近似していたのはウンピョウ(B:27.9-33.0, n=3)だった。ヒゲイノシシ(74.5-163.5 n=13),マレーグマ(64.7-76.1, n=2),ボルネオオランウータン(69.1-74.2 n=3)はAに対して大きすぎ,犬歯2本で同時に噛むことで,陥没穴を形成する可能性は非常に低いと考えられた。さらに飼育下のウンピョウに,オランウータンの頭蓋とほぼ同じ大きさの樹脂性のボールを与えて,噛むことができるかを確認する実験を行った。また,損傷のあるオランウータン頭骨のサイズと,蝶後頭軟骨結合の状態を,他のオランウータンと比較し,性別と年齢クラスを推定した。その結果,高齢のオトナ雌である可能性が最も高いと考えられた。さらに他の調査地でも,オトナがウンピョウに襲われたと推定される事例が2例あることも判明した。今まで,ウンピョウはオランウータンの未成熟個体しか襲わないと考えられていたが,成熟個体も襲われる可能性があることが明らかになった。
著者
森次 幸男 和田 耕治 池田 俊也
出版者
一般社団法人 日本医薬品情報学会
雑誌
医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.4, pp.166-177, 2022-02-28 (Released:2022-05-27)
参考文献数
14

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the opinions of healthcare professional regarding the contributions of the Medical Affairs department. Furthermore, we aimed to identify factors influencing and reasons for the contributions in the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation.Design/Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among healthcare professionals (Key Opinion Leader/Key Thought Leader, KOL/KTL) who had multiple contacts with the Medical Affairs department, Japan.Results: The responses of 141 KOL/KTLs in Japan were collected; 77.3% of the respondents indicated that the contributions of the Medical Affairs department exceeded their expectations (achieved the expected level of contribution). The most common responses were “the identification of unmet medical needs” and “the dissemination of medical and scientific information, providing advanced medical and scientific information;” other responses included “promoting sales of the company's drugs.” The requests from KOL/KTLs regarding quality were “knowledge about biological and clinical statistics” and “proposal and quick response ability from the perspective of medical staff and patients,” but these responses were partially different between physicians and pharmacists. COVID-19 has resulted in substantial changes, for example, “face-to-face” interactions have significantly decreased from 91.5 to 50.4% and “Online” interactions have significantly increased from 20.6 to 70.9%. However, the effects of the declaration of emergency state could not be identified. The KOL/KTLs requested to make the meeting times more appropriate, conduct in-depth two-way discussions, provide latest information, and discuss about professional manners and behaviors.Conclusion: In summary, regardless of the changes in the types of activities caused by COVID-19, the Medical Affairs department has made substantial contributions to healthcare professionals, who highly appreciated them. Furthermore, depending on responses of individuals whose expectations could not be met, areas of improvements have been suggested.
著者
和田 晴吾
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.152, pp.247-272, 2009-03-31

古墳での人の行為を復元し,遺構や遺物を検討することで,前・中期の古墳を,遺体を密封する墓としての性格と,「他界の擬えもの」としての性格の,二つの面から捉えようと試みた。この段階では,人は死ぬと魂は船に乗って他界へと赴くとされたが,遺体は棺・槨内に密封され,そのなかで生前のような生活を送るとは考えられなかった。奈良県巣山古墳で発見された船は,実際の葬送の折に,魂が他界へと旅立つ様子を現実の世界で再現するためのものだった。他界の内容は,船に乗って他界へと至った死者の魂は,くびれ部の出入口で船を降り(船形埴輪),禊をし(囲形埴輪),斜面を登った岩山の頂上の防御堅固で威儀を正した居館に棲むが,そこは飲食物に満ち,日々新たな食物が供えられるといったものだった。葺石や埴輪や食物形土製品は他界を演出するための舞台装置や道具立てで,中期中・後葉には,これに人物・動物埴輪が加わった。しかし,横穴式石室が採用されると地域差が顕在化する。後期に石室が普及した畿内では,石室は「閉ざされた棺」を納める「閉ざされた石室」で,遺体は,前代同様,棺内に密封され,玄室内は死者の空間とはならなかった。墳丘に人が登らなくなり,舞台装置や道具立ては形骸化しだしたが,古墳は「他界の擬えもの」として存続し,石室は「槨」的な性格を受けついだ。一方,中期に石室が採用されだす九州北・中部では,石室は「開かれた棺」を備える「開かれた石室」で,そこは死者が生前と同じような生活を続ける空間となった。その場合,家形埴輪とは別に死者の棲む家が用意されるが,玄室の天井が天空を表しそのなかに家形の施設を配する場合と,玄室空間そのものを死者の宿る家とする場合とがあった。『古事記』の黄泉国訪問譚の舞台は前者にあたる。ここでは,墳丘上の他界と,石室内部の他界の,二つの性格の異なる他界が入れ子状態で共存した。このような棺や石室の系譜は,中国の北朝や高句麗の一部に求めることができる。