著者

李 志霞 林 宏飛 山崎 仲道 上高原 理暢 井奥 洪二

出版者

一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会

雑誌

廃棄物資源循環学会論文誌 (ISSN:18835856)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.6, pp.361-370, 2009 (Released:2010-01-13)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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未利用スギ材の有効活用技術の開発を目指し,新規反応媒体である過熱水蒸気を用いて,100~200℃の飽和蒸気圧以下の圧力条件下で抽出温度,時間,水蒸気圧を変化させ,スギの葉から有機成分の抽出を行った。抽出温度100℃と比較し,170℃では約5倍の収率が得られた。また,水蒸気圧力が高く,抽出時間が長いほど収率は上昇した。抽出物については,温度および水蒸気圧が高いほど,分子量の大きい有機物質 (セスキテルペンおよびジテルペン) の抽出が促進された。さらに,ディスク拡散法を用いて18種類の土壌菌に対するスギ抽出物の生育抵抗性を調べた。温水および有機溶媒による抽出物と比べ,過熱水蒸気による抽出物は,カビおよび放線菌に対して優れた抗菌活性を示した。抽出物をGC-MSおよびGC-FIDで分析した結果,モノテルペンやセスキテルペン類が,これらの抗菌活性に関与していると考えられる。過熱水蒸気抽出は,抗菌活性成分の選択的抽出に有効であることがわかった。

著者

林 秀弥

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.9, pp.440-446, 2020-09-01 (Released:2020-09-01)

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2011年の東日本大震災や2016年の熊本地震,2019年の台風19号等では,従来の行政主導・中央集権型のトップダウンの公助による災害対策の限界が強く指摘されている。また,戦後の災害対策は,ダムや堤防といったハードの整備に重点が置かれてきたが,公助の限界を踏まえ,住民自身による自助やコミュニティ内の助け合いである共助を組み合わせた災害対策が求められている。そこで,災害対策基本法で規定された地区防災計画制度によるICTを活用した住民主体の自助・共助によるコミュニティ防災の強化策について,法律学の観点から社会実装のための考察を行う。具体的には,過去の先行研究を踏まえつつ,ICTを活用した防災・減災の強化の在り方について提言を行う。

著者

農林省農務局 [編]

出版者

農林省農務局

巻号頁・発行日

1927

著者

林田 直利

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ゴム協会

雑誌

日本ゴム協会誌 (ISSN:0029022X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.137-143, 1990 (Released:2007-07-09)

著者

小林 裕之

出版者

森林利用学会

雑誌

森林利用学会誌 (ISSN:13423134)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.35.159, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-08-01)

参考文献数

10

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富山県立山町の三等三角点「栃津」において,安価な 2 周波 GNSS 受信機 3 機 による 3 時間の静止測位と後処理解析を行った。受信したのは,GPS,GLONASS,QZSS および GALILEO の L1 波と L2 波であり,RTKLIB による後処理を行ったのち,観測開始から 30 分,1 時間,2 時間,3 時間の 4 つの観測時間に分割して fix 率,水平測位誤差,垂直測位誤差を算出した。GPS だけを使 った解析では観測開始直後から fix 解が得られることが多かったが,その水平誤差は大きかった。GPS と QZSS の組み合わせは,他の組み合わせよりも fix 率が高く,AR 比が最大の 999.9 のときの水平誤差は 5 cm 前後となった。GPS と GLONASS,GPS と GLONASS および QZSS,GPS と GLONASS と QZSS およ び GALILEO の組み合わせは,観測時間が短い場合に fix 解が得られないこともあったが,ひとたび fix 解 が得られ,AR 比が 999.9 に達したときの水平誤差は 1〜2 cm 程度となった。垂直誤差は小さい場合でも80 cm 前後と,水平誤差に比べて非常に大きかった。L2 波の効果は明瞭ではなかった。

著者

松田 保 小河原 緑 平林 直子 関 俊子 横内 正利 村上 元孝 島田 馨 三船 順一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本血栓止血学会

雑誌

血液と脈管 (ISSN:03869717)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.208-212, 1978

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Recently, growing interests had been devoted largely to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), because of its frequency and clinical importance. It has been known that shock is a frequent complication of DIC, although it has not been elucidated whether shock is a cause of DIC rather than a result. This study was made to clarify relationship between DIC and shock in 699 consecutive autopsied cases, almost all of whom was over age sixty, in Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital.<br>The diagnosis of DIC was established when coagulation analysis revealed presence of consumption coagulopathy. Among these cases, 106 had evidences of DIC and 30 had clinical and pathological findings highly suggestive of DIC although the coagulation findings were not specific. Shock was complicated in 38 of the former and 10 of the latter.<br>Eight of these 48 patients with DIC complicated with shock revealed consumption coagulopathy simultaneously with the development of shock. 24 cases had not clea r-cut evidences of DIC immediately after the development of shock in coagulation findings, although they showed marked coagulation abnormalities indicating DIC after the shock developed. 44% of conditions associated with the shock in these patients was gram-negative septicaemia. The other underlying pathologic conditons in these cases consisted of cancer, peptic ulcer, acute myocardial infarction and pneumonia.<br>Onset of shock was observed in 16 cases in whom diagnosis of DIC had been already established by coagulation analysis. 11 cases of these had cancer with metastases, primary organs of which were stomach, colon or biliary tracts. 70% of these patients were febrile.<br>Acute renal failure, purpura, petechiae, melena, coma, epileptic seizure, systemic peripheral gangrene and/or red cell fragmentation in peripheral blood smear were main symptoms in DIC with shock. Four cases, excluding two cases in whom DIC developed following development of acute myocardial infarction, showed ECG findings indicating development of acute myocardial infartion, although myocardial infarction was evident in only one cases by postmortem examination.<br>Presence of fibrin thrombi was confirmed in 36 cases out of the 48 autopsied cases with DIC accompained with shock. Terminal hemorrhagic necrotizing enteropathy was observed in 15 of those cases. Hemorrhage from adrenal was observed in 4 cases.<br>From these results, it is concluded that shock does frequently cause DIC and that shock in gram-negative septicaemia is especially important because of its high incidence to result DIC.

著者

米本 紀子 米本 重夫 小林 俊司 神移 佳 井戸 和己 森本 正昭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ペインクリニック学会

雑誌

日本ペインクリニック学会誌 (ISSN:13404903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.61-64, 2020-02-25 (Released:2020-03-04)

参考文献数

9

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身体表現性障害とは「検査所見に異常が無く,医師がその症状には身体的根拠が無いとするにもかかわらず,身体症状を反復して訴え,絶えず医学的検査を要求する」と定義される.身体表現性障害として紹介された8人が,当院ペインクリニックでの介入により,どのような経過をたどったか報告する.症例A~Cは未治療であった身体的根拠があり,その器質的原因に対する治療によって痛みが軽減し,生活機能が改善した.症例D~Fは生活機能が保たれており「慢性痛の治療目的は生活の質を改善していくことである」という説明を理解し,身体症状を反復して訴え完治を期待する言動をやめた.症例Gは8カ月後に解離性障害と診断され精神科入院となった.症例Hは,生活機能は保たれていたが慢性痛の説明に納得できず,1年後も身体表現性障害の言動を継続していた.以上より,身体表現性障害と診断されても,ペインクリニックの介入が有効なケースもあると考える.

著者

麻原 きよみ 小野 若菜子 大森 純子 橋爪 さつき 井口 理 池谷 澄香 小林 真朝 三森 寧子 宮崎 紀枝 長澤 直紀 佐伯 和子 留目 宏美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本公衆衛生看護学会

雑誌

日本公衆衛生看護学会誌 (ISSN:21877122)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.80-88, 2019 (Released:2019-08-30)

参考文献数

25

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目的:自治体で働く事務職と保健師が,両者が関わる中で保健師の仕事をいかに認識しているのかについて記述した.方法:2つの自治体の事務職10名,保健師15名に対するインタビューを中心として参加観察,資料の検討を行い,質的に分析した.結果:事務職については〈事務職がもつ基準で保健師の仕事をとらえる〉〈事務職と同じ行政職としての仕事を求める〉のカテゴリと4つのサブカテゴリ,保健師については〈保健師の仕事と専門性が理解されない〉〈行政組織の一員として保健師の仕事をするために努力する〉のカテゴリと4つのサブカテゴリが抽出された.考察:事務職は官僚制組織の特性を示す基準,保健師は専門職の基準で保健師の仕事をとらえていること,そこには組織内の集団間パワーバランスが関連していると考えられた.保健師は事務職とは判断基準が異なることを前提として,協働のあり方や基礎・現任教育を考える必要がある.

著者

林 泰正

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.138-147, 2014 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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This study examines how land use and ownership changed during the construction of a light railway and changed again after its abandonment. The author analyzes the case of the former Tono Railway running through the old Kani district of Gifu Prefecture between 1918 and 1928.The results are summarized as follows: First, in terms of land use, most of the vacant land in the southern segment of the railway right-of-way remained in a state of wilderness after the abandonment of the railway, while the northern part showed a tendency to be transformed back to fields immediately. This difference can be explained by the fact that the land in the northern area was estimated to be more valuable than that in the southern area during this period.Second, from the viewpoint of land ownership, the promoters of the Tono Railway and various influential people had owned the southern part of the railway right-of-way before its construction. This railway land was bought back by the original landowners after the abandonment of the railway. However, the northern segment of the railway land that had belonged to many local people before the opening of the railway later came to be owned by people adjacent to the railway right-of-way.Through careful examination, it was learned that the dismantling of the southern segment of the railway was delayed in comparison with the northern segment. It is possible that the results of this study may help in understanding differences in land use and land values between large and small-scale land owners.

著者

竹井 健 錦織 直人 小山 文一 中村 信治 浅田 秀夫 畠山 金太 大林 千穂 西久保 敏也 藤井 久男 中島 祥介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本消化器外科学会

雑誌

日本消化器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:03869768)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.342-349, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-04-19)

参考文献数

16

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Muir-Torre症候群は脂腺腫瘍と内臓悪性腫瘍を併発する遺伝性疾患で,Lynch症候群の一亜型と考えられている.症例は61歳の男性で,既往歴は36歳,38歳,46歳,56歳時に大腸癌,50歳時に胃癌があり,家族歴は父と叔父に大腸癌と多数の発癌患者を認め,Lynch症候群を疑い経過観察していた.61歳時に背部に1 cm大の出血を伴う結節が出現し,局所切除術施行し,病理組織学的検査にて脂腺癌と診断した.内臓悪性腫瘍の既往と脂腺癌の併発よりMuir-Torre症候群と診断した.診断後にも計5回の脂腺腫瘍と計2回の大腸癌の発生を認めたが,早期に加療し現在無再発生存中である.また,遺伝学的検査を行いMLH1の病的変異を認めLynch症候群と診断した.Lynch症候群はMuir-Torre症候群を呈することがあり,内臓悪性腫瘍だけでなく皮膚腫瘍も念頭に体表観察を行うことも重要と考えた.

著者

小林 莉子 松山 美和 大田 春菜 渡辺 朱理

出版者

一般社団法人日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会

雑誌

日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会雑誌 (ISSN:13438441)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.132-139, 2016

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<p>【目的】 わが国の高齢化率は上昇を続けており,高齢者の健康寿命への関心も高い.特に食事は楽しみの一つであり,QOL の向上につながる重要因子とされている.咀嚼や嚥下機能が低下すると摂取する食品が制限され,食品嗜好へ影響を与えることが懸念される.しかし,咀嚼機能や嚥下機能など口腔機能と,食品嗜好との関係に着目した研究はみられない.そこで,本研究は,高齢者の咀嚼および嚥下機能と食品嗜好との関連性を明らかにすることを目的とした.</p><p>【対象】 徳島大学病院歯科衛生室の65 歳以上の外来受診患者40 名(高齢者群)と,徳島大学歯学部口腔保健学科学生25 名(若年者群)を対象とした.</p><p>【方法】 対象者の口腔内状況を確認し,平井らの摂取可能食品質問票の食品35 品目を用いて,食品嗜好スコア(好き/ 嫌い),咀嚼スコア(噛める/ 噛めない),嚥下スコア(飲み込める/ 飲み込めない)に関するアンケートを行い,口腔機能として咀嚼機能はガム咀嚼,前述の咀嚼スコア,嚥下機能は30 秒間の唾液嚥下回数,最大舌圧,水飲みテスト,前述の嚥下スコアを測定し評価した.高齢者群と若年者群の各パラメータにおける2 群間比較を行い,各群における口腔機能と食品嗜好との相関関係を求めて比較した.さらに,食品嗜好スコアと年齢および口腔機能との間における交絡要因の影響を排除するために,ステップワイズ重回帰分散分析を行った.</p><p>【結果・考察】 高齢者群のみに30 秒間の唾液嚥下回数と食品嗜好スコアとの間に正の相関が認められた.さらに,多変量解析により,高齢者群のみに嚥下スコアと食品嗜好に,30 秒間の唾液嚥下回数と食品嗜好スコアに正の相関が認められた.高齢者の食品嗜好には,年齢ではなく嚥下機能が影響する可能性が考えられた.</p><p>【結論】 高齢者の口腔機能,特に嚥下機能と食品嗜好には関連性があることが示唆された.</p>

著者

斎藤秋男, 小林文男 編訳

出版者

明治図書出版

巻号頁・発行日

1965

著者

坂上登<田村藍水>//著輯,坂上善之<田村西湖>//撰次,林懋//校正

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.乾 巻3,

著者

山中 亮 松林 武生 佐伯 徹郎 榎本 靖士 山崎 一彦 杉田 正明

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.307-313, 2016-06-01 (Released:2016-05-14)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between running performance and the cross–sectional area of the psoas major, peak oxygen uptake, and running economy in male junior long–distance runners. The subjects were 37 male junior athletes who achieved good records in interscholastic athletic competition during 5 years (2011–2015). Their seasonal best times in a 5,000 m race (5,000m–SB) were 14:04.11 ± 0:07.25 (13:53.64–14:16.15). In a multiple regression analysis, 5,000m–SB was statistical significantly correlated with the cross–sectional area of psoas major (16.0 ± 1.7 cm2) measured on magnetic resonance imaging and peak oxygen uptake (4.25 ± 0.36 l min-1 [76.9 ± 5.8 ml min-1 kg-1]) during a lactate curve test comprising five stages. However, 5,000m–SB was not related to oxygen uptake at the work–load which was less than the load at the lactate threshold estimated by using the lactate curve test results. These results suggest that a high volume of the psoas major, the largest hip–flexor muscle, and peak oxygen uptake are among the important factors for junior long–distance runner performance.

著者

文 欣 潔 赤林 伸一 坂口 淳 有波 裕貴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.740, pp.873-882, 2017 (Released:2017-10-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 2

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INTRODUCTION As the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of heat pump devices varies significantly according to the heating and cooling load and ambient temperature, when selecting a suitable device, it is very important to consider the thermal performance of the house and the local weather conditions. It is common to select a home-use air conditioners according to the room floorage in Japan. The heating and cooling load value per unit floorage from 1964 has not been revised, and is still used in the case of the present air-conditioner selection (maximum heating load per floorage: 275 W/m2). However, this is not the best method for highly insulated houses and leads to problems for energy conservation. In this study, we developed a calorie meter to carry out temperature adjustment, and used it in analysis of the relationships among COP, heating and cooling load and outside air temperature. COP Matrix is constructed by a database of the measurement results. Furthermore, heat load calculation was performed using the insulation efficiency and the local condition of detached housing as analysis variables. As a result of the heat load calculation, Annual Performance Factor (APF) in actual environmental conditions is computed through correlation with the created COP Matrix. The APF calculated from experiment results is compared with the catalogue APF in order to clarify the characteristics of home-use air-conditioners considering the local conditions and heat load conditions. RESEARCH METHODS The indoor chamber of the calorie meter is 3 m wide, 3 m deep, and 2.7 m high. The outdoor chamber is 2 m wide, 2 m deep, and 2 m high. One temperature and humidity sensor and one thermistor anemometer are installed in the inlet of the inside air conditioner unit. Two temperature-and-humidity sensors are installed in the outlet of the inside air conditioner unit. One temperature-and-humidity sensors are installed in the inlet of the outside air conditioner unit, the temperature at this point is the outside temperature. Furthermore, in order to examine experimental accuracy, two thermocouples are separately installed in the inlet and three thermocouples are separately installed in the outlet of the inside air conditioner unit. A COP matrix is created from the relationship of COP, heating and cooling load and outside air temperature. In order to consider the change of APF calculated from experiment results, analysis was performed by changing the insulation efficiency according to the Standard Model issued by the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ). We used the meteorological data of the AIJ extended AMeDAS meteorological data. Analysis was performed by heat load simulation software TRNSYS. COP was calculated by collation with the computed COP matrix. RESULTS The COP of cooling is lower when output is relatively low. The COP of heating is higher when the outdoor air temperature is relatively high. And there is a tendency for COP to rise as the flow rate of the inside unit increases. COP matrix in automatic flow rate is similar to COP matrix in relatively small flow rate. Although the APF of an air conditioner in the catalogue is 5.6, which computed from COP matrix in case1-1 (Tokyo) is 2.9, which is about 0.5 times rather than catalogue value. The year cumulative power consumption in the catalogue is about 2,000 kWh, which computed from COP by the COP matrix in case1-1 (Tokyo) is about 3,200kWh, which is about 1.6 times rather than catalogue value. The APF of heating and cooling become lower when insulation efficiency is relatively high. Because the heating load and cooling load is reduced, the frequency of the ON-OFF operation which COP is relatively low is increased.

著者

林 英夫

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

熱帯農業 (ISSN:00215260)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.90-94, 1960-10-10 (Released:2010-03-19)

著者

浅野 竜太 磯田 豊 小林 直人 中村 知裕 伊藤 薫

出版者

北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:24353353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.63-76, 2020-08-24

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A new type of mechanism for the generation of vertical circulation is revealed with the use of numerical experiments for the bended channel model. In the steady passage-flow experiment with a flat bottom and no bottom friction, a remarkable vertical circulation is formed only at the downside of bended corner where a negative horizontal shear flow dominates. Specifically, we call this type circulation “Negative Shear induced Vertical Circulation (NSVC)”, which is caused through the dynamical unbalance of gradient flow and the vorticity balance between the lateral vorticity advection and the sea surface divergence. A field observation was carried out around the Ooma-zaki area in the eastern Tsugaru Strait to confirm an enhanced downward flow expected by the realistic experiment including the bottom slope and friction. The spatial istributions of water temperature support the existence of this downward motion.

著者

堀尾 一樹 磯田 豊 小林 直人 千葉 彩

出版者

北海道大学大学院水産科学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学水産科学研究彙報 (ISSN:24353353)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.41-62, 2020-08-24

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If there is the coastal upwelling, it is common to think that the upward advection of cold deep water will make the coastal side cooler than the offshore side. Shelf slope upwelling (SSU) presented in this study, however, occurs only when the shallow coastal side is rather warm due to a continuous sea surface heating in summer. The present study investigated the formation process of such SSU using a numerical model driven by surface heating. From the results of examining unsteady state of heat budget and dynamic balance, SSU was found to be a kind of compensation flow, not the bottom Ekman flow. That is, to satisfy continuity in a vertical section, the offshore flow caused by the horizontal density/temperature gradient was supplemented by the shoreward flow strongly confined to the sloping seabed. This SSU will probably be one of the important flows contributing to material transport, e.g., unused nutrients and anoxic water etc., from deep to near coast in summer, while it is difficult to prove the existence of SSU even indirectly from the observed water temperature.

著者

小林 哲夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fish Pathology

雑誌

魚病研究 (ISSN:0388788X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.151-157, 1980-04-30 (Released:2009-10-26)

参考文献数

15

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This is a report concerning the diseases in artifical salmon propagation programme in Hokkaido. Although the diseases during the artificial propagation of salmons are usually not so frequent as those in fish culture, the preventive and restraint of them are indispensable to the salmon propagation on account of their artificial mass production.It has been widely known that almost all the diseases of salmon resulted in the mass mortalities are caused by well described microorganisms. Furunclosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida occurs often in the immature adult fish kept in a holding pond untile they reach maturity. Bacterial kidney disease has now been recongnized in cultured salmon.Infections with Saprolegnia sp. and Achlya sp. have been usually found in adult fish of salmons holding pond. Although most of the saprolegnoid infections are generally considered to be secondary condition, kokanee salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka var. adonis, has been heavily infected with Saprolegnia shikotsuensis sp. nov. from 1974 to 1978, except 1976.Gill diseases caused by various bacterial species or protozoa are found frequently in salmon fry. Especially, in chum salmon fry bacterial gill idseases tend to increase recently along with the diffusion of fry feeding.Among the virus diseases that occur in salmonid in epizootic proportions, so far only IHN is found in masu salmon and kokanee salmon at times, but it is still not recorded in chum salmon fry in Hokkaido.External protozoan disease caused by Tricodina sp. is usually not so frequent and serious as the bacterial and virus diseases.

著者

杉山 聡美 岩井 俊憲 吉井 悠 林 雄一郎 上田 潤 佐久間 要 大橋 伸英 小栗 千里 廣田 誠 藤内 祝

出版者

日本口腔診断学会

雑誌

日本口腔診断学会雑誌 (ISSN:09149694)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.52-55, 2017-02-20 (Released:2017-05-23)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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Sialoliths commonly occur in the submandibular gland, and parotid gland sialoliths, especially parenchymal sialoliths, are rare. As a minimally invasive surgery, we report here endoscopic removal of a parenchymal sialolith of the parotid gland under local anesthesia.A female in her 40s with swelling and pain in the left buccal region was referred to our department for endoscopic removal to avoid extraoral removal after diagnosis of parotid sialolith in another hospital. Computed tomography showed that the parenchymal sialolith of the left parotid gland was 1.7×1.4×1.0 mm in size. The patient underwent endoscopic removal of the sialolith under local anesthesia as minimally invasive surgery. Complete removal was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful without complications such as swelling of the parotid gland.