著者
Ryoko Tajima Mai Matsumoto Aya Fujiwara Xiaoyi Yuan Chisa Shinsugi Emiko Okada Kayo Kurotani Tetsuji Yokoyama Hidemi Takimoto
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.JE20220220, (Released:2023-03-11)
参考文献数
63
被引用文献数
1

Background: We aimed to clarify whether differences in food group intake according to household income have changed over the last decade in Japanese people aged 20 years or older.Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the 2010, 2014, and 2018 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Japan. Food intake was assessed using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. The participants were categorized into three groups based on their income. The mean of each food intake according to the income group was estimated by adjusting for age, occupation, and number of participants from the same household. The significance of the interaction terms between income and survey year was evaluated to assess the change in income-related differences in food intake over time.Results: Cereal intake was lower in the middle- and the highest-income groups than in the lowest-income group, regardless of sex, and the interaction between income and year was insignificant for cereal intake. In the former two surveys, vegetable intake was higher among the highest-income women, while in the 2018 survey, the vegetable intake decreased in the women in the middle- and the highest-income groups. The interaction between income and year was significant for vegetable intake among the women. For other foods, the differences in intake among the income groups did not significantly change over time.Conclusions: The tendency for lower cereal intake in the higher-income groups was consistent over time in both the sexes and the tendency for higher vegetable intake in the highest income women disappeared over time.
著者
Di YAO Qifeng ZHANG Qiyan TIAN Hualong DU
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (ISSN:09168508)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.E106-A, no.7, pp.998-1001, 2023-07-01

A super-resolution algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of measuring the thin thickness of oil slick using compressed sensing theory. First, a mathematical model of a single pulse underwater ultrasonic echo is established. Then, the estimation model of the transmit time of flight (TOF) of ultrasonic echo within oil slick is given based on the sparsity of echo signals. At last, the super-resolution TOF value can be obtained by solving the sparse convex optimization problem. Simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method.
著者
田村 裕 中野 敬介
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
電子情報通信学会論文誌 A (ISSN:09135707)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.J106-A, no.7, pp.201-207, 2023-07-01

無線通信におけるチャネル割当とグラフ理論における彩色問題は古くから関連性が示され,様々な研究がなされてきた.その中で多くの理論的な研究は,割当てるチャネル数の最小化を目指したものである.筆者らは以前の報告においてGrundy Coloringと呼ばれる色数が最大となる彩色を取り上げ,必要なチャネルを見積もり,幾つかの結果を示した.また,筆者らは以前に,チャネル干渉の程度を取り入れた従来のグラフ彩色を拡張した問題を提案し,幾つかの結果を得ている.本文では,Grundy Coloringに関して,干渉の程度を考慮した場合の点彩色について考察し,幾つかの結果とこれまでの結果との関連を述べる.
著者
浅見 高明 平井 仁
出版者
日本武道学会
雑誌
武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.1-11, 1994-08-31 (Released:2012-11-27)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
1

The purposes of this study were firstly to observe relationship between positions of lower abdominal region (called “Seika-Tanden” in Japanese) and whole-body centers of gravity (CGs) in four types of the correct sitting posture (called “Seiza” in Japanese) and the sitting postures crossing legs on four conditions (called “Kekkahuza” in Japanese), and secondly to compare these postures by degree of spinal curvature which had measured with a conformateur. Four types of “Seiza” was prescribed as follows: (1) Tanza: incorrected “Seiza” , (2) Sokushinza: “Seiza” corrected with piling a top side in one foot on an arch of another foot, (3) Koushiza: “Seiza” corrected with crossing hallux, (4) Heishiza: “Seiza” corrected with placing toes side by side. Four conditions on “Kekkahuza” were (1) non-cushion, (2) one cushion, (3)add one more cushion, (4) add two more cushions. Estimation of CGs was based on H. Matsui's body segment parameters by means of pictures in profile. Positions of “Tanden” were obtained by T. Sato's drawing figure method. The subjects were eleven Judoist (on “Tanza” , “Sokushinza”,“Koushiza” and “Heishiza”) and a practician of “Zazen” (on “Kekkahuza”). The results were as follows:1) As to characteristics in each posture estimated by degree of spinal curvature,“Tanza” characterized by a shape of that like an alphabet C, and the lumbar curvature was not found. On the other hand, the corrected “Seiza” (“Sokushinza”,“Koushiza” and “Heishiza”) and “Kekkahuza” expressed curvatures like an alphabet S that showed the same characeristics as a standing posture.2) In both “Seiza” and “Kekkahuza”, the positions of CGs located above the navels, and the heights of CGs were higher than those of “Tanden”.3) In“Seiza”, the antero-posterior positions of CGs were more behind than those of “Tanden”(50%).4) About “Kekkahuza”, the antero-posterior positions of the CGs were in the rear of those of “Tanden” on all conditions (39.5-42.2%).
著者
水上 祐二
出版者
一般財団法人 アジア政経学会
雑誌
アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.66-78, 2007-01-31 (Released:2014-09-30)
参考文献数
23

The major cities in Southeast Asia have been greatly affected by the phenomenon of overurbanization, a result of rapid industrialization stemming from a surge in foreign direct investment starting in the 1980s. Despite an increase in labor demand in the modern industrial sector, the labor market in these Asian cities still continues to involve finding employment in an informal sector of small and independent businesses.The urban informal sector (UIS) has traditionally been interpreted as that part of the labor force not employed in the modern industrial sector. The existence of the UIS has been explained by external factors such as rural–urban labor migration. Citing the example of Thai stall keepers, this paper in contrast ascribes the continued existence of the UIS to internal factors including socio-economic conditions such as income.The paper’s author independently conducted an interview survey of stall keepers at five locations in Bangkok (Victory Monument, Pratunam, Wongwian Yai, Huai Khwang, andRamkhamhaeng) between August and September 2003. The survey sample consisted of a total of 115 individuals.According to this survey, the main characteristics of these stall keepers were that many were native to the city, and the younger generation in their 20s had a relatively high level of education.The average income of stall keepers was about 16,000 baht per month: this is higher than both the private average wage for Bangkok (9,500 baht) and the average income for Bangkok(10,000 baht). Analysis of the income distribution of stall keepers indicates a mixture of lowerincome earners (making less than 8,000 baht/month) and higher-income earners (making over30,000 baht/month).Factors determining the income of stall keepers were also analyzed. Income was not correlated with length of time in business, age, business hours, and amount of investment. The onlycorrelation in these data was between income and level of education.This analysis indicates that: (1) stall keepers have a relatively level of high income, and the ability to earn such a high income is a factor that perpetuates the UIS; and (2) stall keepers’ incomes are correlated to their level of education. Being able to earn a high income through ability facilitated by education is a reason why even highly educated people become stall keepers.This is a factor for individuals finding employment in the UIS regardless of whether the level of education in Thailand rises or the trend to obtaining higher academic credentials progresses.
著者
田浦 智之 朝長 匡 飯岡 隆 池田 倫太郎 入江 準二 木下 直江
出版者
西日本整形・災害外科学会
雑誌
整形外科と災害外科 (ISSN:00371033)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.4, pp.773-778, 2014-09-25 (Released:2014-11-11)
参考文献数
8

骨代謝回転過剰抑制が要因と思われる大腿骨転子下骨折の1例を経験したので報告する.症例は48歳,女性.屋外で突如右大腿部痛出現.体動困難となったため,当院救急搬送.X線上,右大腿骨転子下骨折を認めた.既往歴として17年前より全身性エリテマトーデスに対してステロイド内服しており,ビスフォスフォネート製剤内服歴は3年間であった.2週間前より右大腿部痛を自覚していた.骨折に対しては髄内釘による固定術を行った.ところが,術後仮骨形成不良であったため,骨代謝回転過剰抑制による非定型骨折が疑われた.ビスフォスフォネート製剤内服中止し,テリパラチド開始.しかし,今度は健側である左大腿部痛出現.X線上,左大腿骨転子下不全骨折を認めた.治療法に関して患者とのインフォームド・コンセントの結果,健側に対しては保存的療法,手術側に対しては遠位横止めスクリュー挿入術を行った.その後,両側とも仮骨形成を認めていたが,再度,手術側である右大腿部痛出現.X線上,髄内釘近位部の折損及び骨折部の再転位を認めた.そのため髄内釘による再固定術を行い,腸骨から骨移植術も併用.再々手術後9ヵ月現在,保存的療法を行った左側に関しては比較的経過良好であるが,手術的療法を行った右側は骨癒合遅延傾向であり,今後も引き続き厳重な経過観察が必要である.
著者
神戸新聞学芸部編
出版者
のじぎく文庫
巻号頁・発行日
1967
著者
猪間 英俊
出版者
Japan Society of Engineering Geology
雑誌
応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.3, pp.286-295, 1981-09-30 (Released:2010-06-04)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
1 2

In excavation of the Kan'etsu tunnel, rock burst occurred expectedly. Especially for about 1 year since July 1980, many broken pieces of rock had sprung out frequently. Rock burst should be classified into sometypes, such as springing of rocks, cracks on face without springing of rocks, and only breakdown noises onface or in bed rock. Those types seem to be a series of forms of rock burst. Some examples of occurenceprocess of rock burst are shown in figure-3, -4, -5, -6.From our experiences of rock burst, it may be pointed out that those forms of rock burst have somecharacters. They are as follows:(1) It occurred even under small overburden.(2) It occurred in the formation of quartz-diorite, but not of hornfels.(3) It occurred mostly at face, and few at backward and side wall.(4) The existence of specific areas where rock burst occurred was recognized in the tunnel.(5) At the areas with inflow of ground water, it did not occurred.(6) It was related greatly to joint, fractured zone and so forth.(7) The sizes of brocken rock pieces were various, but the shapes of them were all generally flat.(8) It was closely related with working cycle of tunnel excavation.Some investigations including measuring of initial stress in bed rock and its change during tunnel excavation, core discing in the horizontal bored and sampled core, acoustic emission survey, rock properties tests, andtemperature measuring of face and sidewall, were carried out at the rock burst areas.As a result, significant informations on the behavior of bed rock related with tunnel excavation and onthe relation between rock burst and working cycle of excavation, were obtained.The rock mass at the rock burst areas was elastic and high brittleness. And rock burst seemed to beclosely related to geological weak zone of bed rock.For a countermeasure against rock burst, it was adopted as a keystone of tunnel excavation that many rockbolts were installed in working face. The tunneling method that we adopted by utilizing the above mentionedinvestigations of bed rock and analysis of our experiences of rock burst, may be appraised proper.It is useful that the system of acoustic emission survey is composed completely in order to control tunnelexcavation work at the rock burst areas.
著者
竹林 純 鈴木 一平 千葉 剛
出版者
公益社団法人 日本栄養・食糧学会
雑誌
日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.1, pp.15-20, 2023 (Released:2023-02-22)
参考文献数
13

2015年から熱量とたんぱく質・脂質・炭水化物・食塩相当量の栄養成分表示が加工食品に義務付けられている。栄養成分表示値は, 食品表示基準で定められた分析方法 (表示分析法) による分析値を原則とするが, 日本食品標準成分表 (成分表) の収載値等の合理的根拠に基づいた計算値も認められている。消費者が栄養成分表示を比較して自らに適した食品を選択できるように, 計算値は, 表示分析法による分析値と可能な限り近しい値であることが望ましい。成分表2020年版 (八訂) では, 成分表2015年版 (七訂) から熱量計算方法が変更され, 複数の項目が併記されている栄養成分も多い。そこで本稿では, 表示分析法と成分表2020の分析方法を比較し, 成分表2020を栄養成分表示に用いる場合の適切な参照方法について考察した。
著者
萩田 賢司
出版者
一般社団法人 交通工学研究会
雑誌
交通工学論文集 (ISSN:21872929)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.4, pp.B_1-B_9, 2022-04-01 (Released:2022-04-01)
参考文献数
9

交通事故統計では、縦断勾配が概ね 3%以上を坂路と定義している。本研究では、交通事故統計を活用して自転車走行道路の縦断勾配を推定し、自転車を電動アシスト自転車とその他の自転車に分類したうえで、様々な条件ごとに、自転車事故の縦断勾配別割合を比較した。その結果、電動アシスト自転車は、その他の自転車と比較すると、特に第 1 当事者で下りの構成割合が高く、下りで自転車事故を起こしやすいことが想定された。電動アシスト自転車は、第 1 当事者が若年者や男性、単路部や車道幅員が 5.5~13.0m の道路では、下りの構成割合が高い。下りでは電動アシスト自転車は高速で走行しやすいために、このような現象が起きていることも考えられる。自転車が第 2 当事者の場合、走行道路の縦断勾配を推定できないことが多く、今後の検討が必要である。
著者
堀口 怜志 井尻 朋人 鈴木 俊明
出版者
一般社団法人 大阪府理学療法士会生涯学習センター
雑誌
総合理学療法学 (ISSN:24363871)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.9-16, 2022 (Released:2022-06-30)
参考文献数
37

【目的】整形外科術後患者に対するリハビリテーションを実施する上で,筋緊張異常への評価・治療が必要となる。近年,臨床において簡易に骨格筋や軟部組織の評価として超音波測定装置が多く用いられており,筋活動を測定することも提案されている。本研究の目的は,超音波測定装置を用いた筋束長評価によって,低強度の筋活動が評価可能か否かを明らかにすることとした。【方法】対象は,健常者9名16肢とした。課題は最大随意収縮の30%以下の等尺性膝関節伸展課題とし,表面筋電計と超音波測定装置を用い筋電図積分値相対値と筋束長変化量相対値を同時測定し,曲線回帰分析を用いて筋束長と筋活動量の関係性を求めた。【結果】曲線回帰分析の結果はr2 = 0.736(p < 0.001)であり,筋電図積分値相対値が増加するほど筋束長変化量相対値が増加することが強く示唆された。【結論】外側広筋に対する低強度の筋活動の評価として,超音波測定による筋束長評価を用いることができる可能性が示唆された。
著者
小野 健一郎 田之上 俊介 吉浦 徹 大川 英徳 松下 芳太郎 瀬野 宗一郎 城谷 寿樹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本脳神経外傷学会
雑誌
神経外傷 (ISSN:24343900)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.1, pp.6-11, 2023-06-30 (Released:2023-06-30)
参考文献数
12

Background: The purpose of this study was to clarify the criteria for initial treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) by com­paring the backgrounds and post–treatment courses of patients who underwent drainage or middle meningeal artery (MMA) emboliza­tion for CSDH.Methods: We performed a retrospective investigation of 23 and 21 patients who underwent drainage and MMA embolization, respec­tive­ly, performed between April 2020 and July 2022 as initial treatment for unilateral CSDH.Results: There was no significant difference between the drainage and embolization groups in terms of age (78 vs 76 years), gender, lateral­ity of lesion, maximum diameter of hematoma (21 vs 19 mm), pretreatment Markwalder grading system (MGS) score (1 vs 1), or length of hospital stay (5 vs 17 days) between the groups. Pretreatment midline shift was greater in the drainage group than the MMA embolization group (8.8 vs 6.6 mm). Operative time was shorter in the drainage group (32 vs 79 min). Recurrence occurred in 2/23 (8.7%) of the drain­age group, in whom addi­tional MMA embo­lization was per­formed. Additional drainage was required due to exacerbation of symptoms in 4/21 (19%) of the MMA embo­lization group. No perioperative complications occurred in either group. There was no significant difference in median pre­operative MGS score (1 vs 1) or mean maximum hematoma diameter (18 vs 19 mm) in the 17 patients who showed resolution of CSDH by MMA embolization alone or in the 4 patients who required additional drain­age. Mean midline deviation was 6.1 and 8.9 mm in the embo­lization alone and additional drainage groups, respec­tively, and was significantly greater in those who required additional drainage (p=0.002).Conclusions: The postoperative course between patients who under­went drainage or embolization for CSDH showed no significant difference in the case of very mild preoperative neurological findings (MGS score of about 1). Patient selection for MMA embolization as the initial treatment for CSDH should be clarified based on clinical symptoms and the radiological findings.
著者
浅井 直樹
出版者
日本理学療法士協会(現 一般社団法人日本理学療法学会連合)
雑誌
理学療法学Supplement Vol.46 Suppl. No.1 (第53回日本理学療法学術大会 抄録集)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.E-69_2, 2019 (Released:2019-08-20)

【はじめに・目的】脊髄損傷(以下SCI)の歩行再建は、再生医療の実現を控えて注目を浴びている。再生医療関連の研究では、術後のリハビリテーション(以下リハ)の有無やその性質によって麻痺の改善にも差が出ると報告している。このような背景からリハの内容にも関心が集まっているが、完全型SCIに対する歩行再建のリハについての実践報告は少ない。今回、Th12の完全型SCI一症例に対し、歩行再建を目的にロボットを併用した集中的トレーニングを行った。【症例紹介】20代女性、外傷によりSCIを受傷し、残存高位はTh12であった。歩行再建に向けた介入を開始した受傷後5か月時点でAmerican Spinal Injury Association(以下ASIA)の下肢運動スコアは右1/左1ポイントで、両側股関節屈曲筋の筋収縮を触れるのみでその他の下肢筋に随意収縮はみられなかった。ASIA感覚スコアは触痛覚ともに右38/左38ポイントで、S4, 5領域の感覚運動機能は脱失し、ASIA Impairment Scale(以下AIS)ではAの完全麻痺であった。車いすベースでのADLは自立し、歩行は長下肢装具での平行棒内歩行が監視レベルで可能であった。【経過】受傷後約2週でリハ目的に転入院し、一般的な対麻痺者に対する理学療法(ROM、筋力強化、起居動作、ADL、車椅子操作練習等)を行った。ADLがおおむね自立した受傷後5か月時点から外骨格型ロボット装具(ReWalk、ReWalk Robotics)を用いた立位歩行練習を開始した。その後自宅退院し、外来にてReWalkを用いた歩行練習と、自宅で長下肢装具を用いた立位練習を行った。受傷後7か月ころに随意的な膝伸展運動が両側に発現し、経過とともに随意運動の拡大を認めた。受傷後12か月ころに集中的なリハを目的に再入院し、再入院後はReWalkを用いた歩行練習のほか、短下肢装具での立位歩行練習、ペダリング機器や低周波機器、水治療法を併用したリハを実施した。受傷後15か月ころの退院時のASIA下肢運動スコアは右2/左2ポイントで、膝伸展筋の収縮を触れ、キーマッスル以外にも大腿筋膜張筋や中殿筋、内転筋群にも随意収縮を触知できた。感覚機能およびS4,5領域の運動感覚機能には変化がなく、AISはAであった。歩行能力は、短下肢装具とピックアップ歩行器での手添え介助歩行が可能となった。【考察】完全型SCIの麻痺の予後は一般的に不良だが、本症例は先行研究に照らしても顕著に改善した。脊髄の神経可塑性は、練習する運動課題の種類や質とその反復に強く依存すると言われている。本症例においては、リハの内容や質的な面として、歩行様の運動課題や、ロボットを利用した正常歩行に近い歩行練習が有効であったと考えられた。また、量的側面としては、多様な課題を高頻度に実施し、ロボットの定常的な運動を繰り返すことができる機械的な特性が有利に働いたと推察された。【倫理的配慮,説明と同意】本症例に対する介入は神奈川リハビリテーション病院倫理委員会の承認のもと実施したものである(承認番号krh-2014-2)。本報告に際しては症例に対して書面と口頭で説明を行い、同意を得た。
著者
Yoshiki KATO Toshiaki SHITAMITSU Makoto OKAZAKI Hideyuki YAMASHITA
出版者
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences
雑誌
Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ (ISSN:00213551)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.145-152, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-04-26)
参考文献数
27

The neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, is an economically important oceanic squid species that has been harvested commercially in the North Pacific by Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan. The Fisheries Research Agency (FRA) of Japan conducted long-term research for this species from 1980 to 2009 using commercial vessels to clarify the resource ecology and it obtained a total dataset of approximately 9,000 days, where following from this and to better clarify the relationship between habitat preference and oceanographic conditions, a generalized additive model was applied and mapped onto the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation ocean/sea ice reanalysis (SODA) data. The resultant habitat map of the squid showed an area of high abundance at the Subarctic Frontal Zone (SAFZ), with abundance areas increasing the squid abundance from April to August. The SAFZ extends from 40°N to 43°N separating the cold, low-salinity, subarctic water to the north from the waters of the North Pacific Transition Zone to the south. This high abundance area intersects between subarctic area and temperate area. It has characteristic nutrient regimes, productivity cycles, and nektonic faunal compositions. This paper suggests that the SAFZ thus plays an important role in North Pacific ecosystems by providing an optimal balance between environmental temperature and food density for the neon flying squid.