著者

小池 伸介 羽澄 俊裕 古林 賢恒

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.19-30, 2003

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

9

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The authors studied the likelihood that seeds were being dispersed by the Japanese black bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus japonicus</i>) in a deciduous forest near Ashikawa Village, Yamanashi Prefecture. The forest was composed of 113 tree species. Japanese black bear ate fruits and seeds belonging to 37 species (including 7 unidentified). About 86.7 to 99.7% of seeds identified in 360 samples of bear feces were in good condition for 17 species (10 drupes, 5 berries, 1 multiple fruit of droplets and 1 pome). However, no intact seeds were found for 5 nut species. The germination rate of Yamasakura (<i>Prunus jamasakura</i>) seeds taken from feces was the same as for uneaten seeds. The results of this investigation suggest a high likelihood of seed dispersal by the Japanese black bear.

著者

坪田 敏男 溝口 紀泰 喜多 功

出版者

日本野生動物医学会

雑誌

日本野生動物医学会誌 (ISSN:13426133)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.17-24, 1998

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 3

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ニホンツキノワグマ<i>Ursus thibetanus japonicus</i>は, 本州, 四国および九州に生息する大型哺乳動物の一種である。しかしながら, 最近では, 九州はほぼ絶滅状態となり, さらに四国山地, 西中国地域, 東中国山地および紀伊半島が絶滅のおそれのある地域となっている。1990年から1994年にかけて岐阜県白川村において直接観察, 痕跡調査(糞分析)およびラジオトラッキングといった生態調査が行われた。その結果, ツキノワグマの春と秋の食物種がブナ林という生息環境と密接に関係していることが示された。すなわち, ツキノワグマは, ブナ豊作年にはブナの花芽や種子を食べ, 一方ブナ不作年には他の食物を利用していた。また, 1992年から1993年のツキノワグマの行動圏が求められ, その平均値は雄で6.4km^2, 雌で3.4km^2であった。主に飼育下でのツキノワグマの繁殖生理学的研究により, 雄では季節繁殖性が顕著に認められること, また雌では着床遅延や冬眠中の出産といったクマ類特有の繁殖生理機構を有していることが解明された。これらの結果より, 将来にわたってツキノワグマを保護していくためには, 繁殖の成功につながる十分な食物環境を確保することが肝要であると結論づけることができる。

著者

阪本 芳弘 青井 俊樹

出版者

[岩手大学農学部]

雑誌

岩手大学農学部演習林報告 (ISSN:02864339)

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.17-27, 2006-03

被引用文献数

3

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We investigated the food habits of Asiatic black bears of the northern Ohu Mountains in Japan. From May to December in 2004, we collected a total of 114 scats-27 from Morioka City and 87 from Shizukuishi Town. The percent importance value of eachfood item was estimated on the basis of the frequency of its occurrence and the total volume of all food items (Mealey, 1980). The primary food items consumed by the bears in spring were beech (Fagus crenata) shoot and dwarf bamboo (Sasa sp.), while the items consumed in summer were soft masts, animal materials, and succulent forbs [especially parsley (Umbelliferae sp.) ]. However, in the month of August, the bears concentrated on eating crops. The primary food items in autumn were acorns (Fagaceae sp.). With the passage of each season, there was a distinct change not only in the bear's diet but also in its foraging area, for example, beech forests in spring, the vicinity of streams and fields in summer, and broadleaved forests in autumn. Therefore, the preservation of their natural habitats may be essential for ensuring their coexistence with humans.

著者

吉田 洋 林 進 堀内 みどり 坪田 敏男 村瀬 哲磨 岡野 司 佐藤 美穂 山本 かおり

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.35-43, 2002-06-30

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3

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本研究は,ニホンツキノワグマ(Ursus thibetanus japonicus,以下ツキノワグマと略す)による針葉樹幹の摂食量と,他の食物の摂食量との関係ならびにツキノワグマの栄養状態の年次変動を把握することにより,クマハギ被害の発生原因を食物環境面から解明し,さらに被害防除に向けた施策を提案することを目的とした.ツキノワグマの糞内容物分析の結果,クマハギ被害の指標となる針葉樹幹の重量割合は,1998年より1999年および2000年の方が有意に高く(p<0.05),逆にツキノワグマの重要な食物種の一つであるウワミズザクラ(Prunus grayana)の果実の重量割合は,1999年および2000年より1998年の方が有意に高かった(p<0.05).また,ツキノワグマの血液学的検査の結果,1999年および2000年より1998年の方が,血中尿素濃度は低い傾向にあり,血中ヘモグロビン濃度は有意に高かった(p<0.05)ことより,1998年はツキノワグマの栄養状態がよかったと考えられる.以上のことから,クマハギ被害は,ツキノワグマの食物量が少なく低栄養の年に発生しやすく,ウワミズザクラの果実の豊凶が被害の発生の指標となる可能性が示唆された.したがって,クマハギ被害は,被害発生時期にツキノワグマの食物量を十分に確保する食物環境を整えることにより,その発生を抑えられる可能性があると考えられた.

著者

林 進 吉田 洋 森 浩昭 堀内 みどり 羽澄 俊裕

出版者

岐阜大学

雑誌

岐阜大学地域共同研究センタ-研究成果報告書 (ISSN:0917558X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.76-81, 2000-05

被引用文献数

2

著者

堀内みどり

雑誌

中部森林研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.149-152, 2000

被引用文献数

4

著者

藤村 正司

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, pp.27-48, 2009-11-30 (Released:2015-06-03)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

3 2

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In a society like Japan, where half of students graduating from high school go on to college, there seems to be a universal belief that anyone who wishes to can gain access to college. In line with this, higher education policy has been directed toward increasing the quality of education. As a consequence, less attention seems to have been given to the ideal of equal opportunities for higher education. However, parental financial support for children has been pushed to the limit because of decreasing public finance and rising tuition at private universities.Yet there has been little systematic investigation of economic disparities in access to universities and the potential of equal opportunity policy. This article attempts to fill this gap. The 2005 National Students? Career Survey (NSCS) data set, which consists of the data from 4,000 high school seniors and their parents filled by random sampling, provides materials for examining these issues.We first estimated the marginal effect of the "achievement-income" dummy variables, high school rank, sex, and parent? s education on the probability of university attendance. Secondly, in order to examine the role of national universities, which are supposed to enroll students with "high academic achievement and low-income," we examined mobility patterns of application and admission among respondents as a function of city size, and university type (national/private). After examining the relationship between these patterns, we reported the results of the logit model to predict the marginal effect on four outcomes (national/private, home/away). We then investigated the effectiveness of scholarship loan programs (category 2 loans from JASSO, which bear interest) on the probability of university attendance. And finally, to clarify the reason not of "risk aversion" but of why parents go into debt, and to identify the latent group which applies for the loan program, a latent class analysis was used.The major findings are as follows: (1) Economic inequality in access to university education still exists after controlling other factors. (2) National universities guarantee post-secondary opportunities for students with "high academic achievement and low-income." (3) Student loan programs based on prior applications do not increase the accessibility of low-income students to colleges. These results show that, rather than loans themselves acting as an incentive, parents who have already intended to enroll their children into university apply for the loan program. (4) Parents who are willing to go into debt belong to a latent class, which are characterized as low-or middle-income, upward mobility.These findings show that the tight financial conditions facing higher education since the 1990s have changed the incentive structure by creating policies that give low-income families incentives comparable to those of higher-income families. Therefore, guaranteeing college opportunities for the low-income students, and extending opportunities for individual choice, are important problem for higher education policy.

著者

小方 直幸

出版者

日本高等教育学会

雑誌

高等教育研究 (ISSN:24342343)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.171-190, 2015-05-30 (Released:2019-05-13)

参考文献数

15

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本稿は,2012年から2013年にかけ策定された,国立大学改革プランを取り上げ,教員養成分野のミッションの再定義に着目することで,現代における政府と大学の自治の関係を,以下の3つの視点から問い直すことを目的としている.第1は,文科省と政府との関係で,文科省が,なぜ教員養成分野の改革に本腰を入れる必要に迫られたか,まずは概観する.第2は,文科省と教員養成大学・学部との関係で,事例考察を通して,政府と大学の自治を考察する上で鍵となる,両者の具体的やり取りを明らかにする.第3は,高等教育局内部の関係で,所掌の異なるアクターの改革行動を析出し,それが実際の改革に及ぼす影響について考察する.

著者

小林 輝久彦

出版者

大倉精神文化研究所

雑誌

大倉山論集 (ISSN:04715152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.163-203, 2016-03

著者

堀江 憲吾 亀山 紘司 水谷 晃輔 菅原 崇 清家 健作 土屋 朋大 安田 満 横井 繁明 仲野 正博 出口 隆 酒々井 夏子 広瀬 善信

出版者

泌尿器科紀要刊行会

雑誌

泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica (ISSN:00181994)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.10, pp.517-521, 2014-10

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A 72-year-old Japanese man was referred to a hospital because of urinary retention. Digital rectal examination revealed a stony, hard nodule in the prostate. A high level of serum PSA was not detected. Prostatic biopsy was performed, and pathological examination indicated adenocarcinoma of the prostate. He was referred to our hospital for treatment. Imaging examinations revealed no metastases (T4N0M0), so we re-evaluated the biopsy specimens. Immunohistochemical examination revealed prostatic small cell carcinoma. His levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) were high. We treated him with combination chemotherapy comprising irinotecan and cisplatin, and the treatment waseffective. After four coursesof the chemotherapy, levelsof NSE and Pro-GRP had decreased, and the prostatic mass had decreased in size. Needle rebiopsy of the prostate demonstrated no evidence of malignancy. Adjuvant external beam radiation therapy wasals o performed. The patient iss till alive at 18 month after diagnosis with no evidence of relapse or metastasis of the disease.

著者

姫野 完治 益子 典文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.139-152, 2015-12-25 (Released:2015-12-28)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6

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教師の経験学習の特質を実証的に解明し,モデル化することを目的として,本研究では2つの調査研究を行った.研究Ⅰでは,教育行政職経験のある校長を対象として面接調査を行い,「経験から学習する状態」という視点で教師の学習を捉えられること,コミュニティにおける立ち位置の自覚と微修正が鍵となること等を見出した.その上で,教師の経験学習モデルを構築した.研究Ⅱでは,研究Ⅰで構築したモデルをふまえて,若手,中堅,ベテランの3名の教師のライフヒストリーを事例分析した.教師が経験から学習する状態になっているかどうかは,コミュニティ内の教師の立ち位置によって変動すること,教師の学習の状態を開く上で,学校外のコミュニティや勤務校の異動,自らの実践を対象化することが鍵になること等を明らかにするとともに,教師の経験学習モデルの妥当性と課題を示した.

著者

久我 亮太 山口 将貴 中島 智晴 秋山 英久

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会第二種研究会資料 (ISSN:24365556)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.SAI-038, pp.04, 2020-10-31 (Released:2021-08-31)

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In this study, we developed an online competition system for RoboCup soccer simula- tion 2D. Due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the regular competition will not be held in 2020 as usual, so there was a need to develop an" online competition system "that enables the holding of non-face-to-face competitions. This system uses a chatbot system to automate match executions and team management. The chatbot API automates the execution of programs and tasks such as start server and start players. In this way, the system achieves competition completely online. This system was officially adopted for the RoboCup Japan Open 2020 soccer simulation 2D league competition in 2020, when the first official online competition was held. Thanks to this system, the competition management flow which had been carried out manually, has been automated. As a result, this system has made a significant contribution to reducing the burden of competition management.

著者

栗原 堅三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.95-98, 2015 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

7

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私が北大薬学部に在籍していた頃,研究室の共通テーマは神経と感覚であった.教室員はこの範囲で,各自が独自の好きな研究を行っており,それなりの成果を挙げていた.教授はお金を持ってきて,教室員には自由に研究させると言えばかっこいいが,要は研究室をあげて1つのテーマで統一した研究をやらせるだけの実力と指導力がなかったのに過ぎない.そんな中で,ここに取り上げる「うま味」は,私が大学院の学生諸君と一緒にやった研究である.うま味が世界のUMAMIになるまでには,私以外の多くの優れた研究者が貢献してきたが,ここでは私たちの研究を中心に話を進めさせていただきたい.うま味物質は,グルタミン酸(コンブ),イノシン酸(カツオブシ),グアニル酸(干しシイタケ)の3者である.実はそれぞれの単体のうま味はそれほど強くないが,グルタミン酸とイノシン酸またはグアニル酸を混合すると,大きな相乗作用が働き,5倍も6倍もうま味が強くなる.ところで,コンブの「だし」には,グルタミン酸とアスパラギン酸(グルタミン酸より弱いがうま味を持っている)が圧倒的に多く,他のアミノ酸はごく微量しか含まれていない.コンブ「だし」は純粋なうま味溶液と言える.また母乳にはグルタミン酸が含まれているが,その含量は突出しており,なんとコンブ「だし」のそれとほぼ同程度である.

著者

松浦 正孝

出版者

東京大学出版会

雑誌

UP (ISSN:09133291)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.16-20, 1997-01

著者

松浦 正孝

出版者

東京大学出版会

雑誌

UP (ISSN:09133291)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.25-29, 1997-02

著者

本田 敏志 定金 晃三 田鍋 和仁

出版者

大阪教育大学

雑誌

大阪教育大学紀要 3 自然科学・応用科学 (ISSN:13457209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.219-229, 1998-01

被引用文献数

1

著者

長岡 龍作

雑誌

美術研究 = The bijutsu kenkiu : the journal of art studies

巻号頁・発行日

no.351, pp.1-15, 1992-01-31

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A previous study of the expression of movement in the early Heian-period sculpture by Tadashi INOUE, "Various Aspects of Danzō (Plain Wood Buddhist Images) IV: A Standing Statue of Elevenheaded Kannon and the Painting Style of Wu Daoxuan" (Gakusō No. 9, March 1987) argues that "Wu Tao-hsüan yang" (Wu Tao-hsüan style) influenced the expression of movement and that the statue of Ekādaśamukha at Hokke-ji dates from the high T'ang period. Reconsidering its significance and problems, the present article attempts to refute Inoue's argument. Li-tai ming-hua chi by Chang Yen-yüan of the late T'ang period talks about Ts'ao Chung-ta, Chang Sêng-yao, Wu Tao-hsüan, and Chou Fang in relation to the production of Buddhist paintings, and describes them as model artists for painters and sculptors alike. Among them, this book mentions Ts'ao, Chang, and Wu with a suffix "yang 様," such as Ts'ao's yang, Chang's yang, and Wu's yang, while crediting Chou to be the originator of the "t'i 體" of Water Moon Avalokiteśvara. It can be considered that the character "yang" referred to a concrete "form" or "formal pattern" of the intended subject matter, and that "t'i" was to signify the "figure" of Buddhist deities. Therefore "t'i" can be interpreted as including the meaning of "formal pattern" of the Buddhist deity commonly used in painting and sculpture. "Chang's yang" may be characterized as the vigorous modelling of movement, such as fluttering drapery, as described in the T'ang-dynasty comments on Wu Tao-tzu's painting. It seems to have been the "pattern" mainly employed for lowranking deities with which was relatively easy to suggest movement. In the T'ang-dynasty wall paintings at Tunhuang, those of the early and high T'ang made distinctions between bodhisattvas and lower-ranking deities in the depiction of their scraves. From the mid-T'ang period, however, the emphasis is seen in the movement in the fluttering scarves of both ranks of deities. This shift can be understood as a change in the depiction of scarves, based on the newly developed "formal pattern" of the "Wu's yang." Therefore it is assumed to have occured during the transitional stage between high T'ang and midT'ang. Each of these "patterns" may have had distinct significance in the making and appreciation of Buddhist sculpture as a clearly recognized canon in late T'ang, while functioning as categorization of Buddhist images with different imageries. The statue of Ekādaśamukha at Hokke-ji and the statue of Avalokitesvara at Daigo-ji, which represent the early Heian-period, had a two-dimensional, pictorial "pattern" as their model, which was skillfully translated into a three-dimensional modelling of sculpture. These examples show that the making of Buddhist sculpture employed pictorial "patterns" as models and conquered the concomitant difficulties in the process of its development. As for the movement in the drapery, a certain relationship with the contemporaneous "Wu's yang" of China may be assumed. This is a quick reflection of the canon in late T'ang. Early Japanese use of "patterns," found in the bodhisattvas playing music as well as other deities in painting and relief at Tódai-ji, suggests that the practice emerged in the making of painting and relief in the latter half of the Tenpyō period. The above argument leads to the following assumptions. First, Chinese influence on Japanese sculpture of the time was strongly pictorial in nature. Second, the Japanese interest in the "formal pattern" was crucial in the acceptance of the Chinese influence. Inoue's argument that the Hokke-ji statue dates from the high T'ang period can be negated on the basis of the following characteristics of the statue. It had a pictorial "pattern" as its model, which was commonly used for paintings of the same deity in Japan. It is imagined that the introduction of "formal patterns" to Japanese Buddhist sculpture was made possible as the Japanese sculptors were interested in proper use of different "patterns" and their foreign nature.

著者

河上 繁樹 Shigeki Kawakami

雑誌

人文論究 (ISSN:02866773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.1-14, 2002-12-10

著者

山本 雄也 叢 悠悠 島村 龍太郎 菅野 幸夫 北原 鉄朗 糸山 克寿

雑誌

研究報告音楽情報科学(MUS) (ISSN:21888752)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022-MUS-133, no.7, pp.1, 2022-01-18

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本稿では第 133 回音楽情報科学研究会における既発表の国際会議・萌芽・デモ・議論セッションの発表内容について述べる.本セッションでは, 査読付きジャーナルもしくは国際会議にて既発表の研究成果や,これからの発展が期待される萌芽的な研究まで,幅広くポスター発表・デモ・議論できる場である.今回のセッションでは,合計 4 件の発表が行われる.

著者

松本 秀樹

出版者

サイエンス社

雑誌

数理科学 (ISSN:03862240)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.5, pp.49-56, 2004-05