著者

木村 治生

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.8, pp.499-505, 2023-08-01 (Released:2023-08-01)

参考文献数

9

著者

竹村 匡弥

出版者

スポーツ史学会

雑誌

スポーツ史研究 (ISSN:09151273)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.39-53, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-03-18)

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There are three traditional accounts as to where Kappa, one of the legendary Japanese folk creatures comes from. From a folkloristics perspective, however, Kunio Yanagita claimed it was a degraded form of a water god. Supposing that claim is true, degradation will be the origin. There is, however, no mention of it in those accounts. In Nihon Shoki, the oldest official chronicle of Japan, there are two mentions of Nomino-sukune. These mentions are part of the "Emperor Suinin Jyou," a collection of events during the reign of Emperor Suinin; one is about the origin of sumo and the other is about the origin of haniwa, earthenware figures. In the early eighth century, "Sumaino-sechie" one of the Imperial Court ceremonies was set on the seventh day of the seventh month and sumo was held on the same day along with the Star Festival. According to the chronicle, "a sumo match between Nomino-sukune and Taimano-kehaya," took place on the seventh day of the seventh month in the seventh year of Emperor Suinin's reign. This intentional setting shows a clear reason for having "Sumaino-sechie" on the seventh day of the seventh month and having a poem-composing ceremony for the Star Festival and sumo on the same day. There must have been some sound reasons, but no documents showing this have not been found. This paper starts examining the intention by assuming that the prototype of the Star Festival was disgrace. The prototype of the Star Festival is the act of sacrificing animals and humans to the water god. In the Jindaiki section of Nihon Shoki. there are some evil acts by Susanoo (a god) mentioned. One of them was the act of throwing a skinned cow into a place where weaving was in process and thus hurt a weaving girl. It can be said that the account was described with the prototype of the Star Festival in mind. The evil acts by Susanoo are the origin of amatsu-tsumi or sin and are regarded as a disgrace, something to be purified. Thus, the prototype of the Star Festival was set as a disgrace. A disgrace means events or acts which are not in compliance with social order and that order is set by the ones in power. In due course, those events or acts will become something that must be purified. This paper lists the outlying regions that don't obey the ruler and the insurrection within the government as these examples. Designating the acts of disgrace gives justification to ruling that region and epuration of the insurrection, solidifying the authenticity of power. The existence of the poem-composing ceremony for the Star Festival on the seventh day of the seventh month can be confirmed by "Manyo-shyu" the oldest collection of poems. Also, the recognition of the prototype of the Star Festival can be confirmed by the fact that it was described as a motif of evil acts by Susanoo. That is, sacrificing animals and humans, which are ceremonies for a water god, become disgraceful. The origin of a water god degrading into Kappa is found here. Originally, "Sumaino-sechie" has been thought to have started as "the rite for governing outlying regions." This paper, however, regards it as a disgrace from the correlations between the beginning of "Sumaino-sechie" and "a sumo match between Nomino-sukune and Taimano-kehaya." If the origin of "Sumaino-sechie" is regarded as disgrace, it can be viewed as "the rite to remain in power against insurrection within the government" in addition to the traditional assumption as "the rite to subject the outlying region." It can be said that the intention for setting the sumo match on the seventh day of the seventh month was to show legitimacy for governing the outlying region.

著者

久井 貴世

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.1-21, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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This paper has mainly studied the actual condition of crane hunting during the Edo period by investigating various rules and specific hunting methods about crane hunting. The systems of crane hunting were not unified all around the country, and different hunting system worked in each domain. In some domain, commoners were also permitted to capture crane under certain rules, but the cranes captured belonged to the lord and all the cranes were eventually gathered to the lord in such systems. It is speculated that the crane hunting activities for the purpose of private use (livelihood or entertainment, etc.) that did not benefit the lord were banned during the Edo period instead of prohibiting hunting cranes all together. In addition, the methods for hunting cranes included gun hunting using a wooden decoy, hunting with nets or traps beside the well-known falconry.

著者

荒谷 邦雄

出版者

日本森林学会

雑誌

森林科学 (ISSN:09171908)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.21-32, 2003-06-01 (Released:2019-03-20)

著者

木原 圭翔

出版者

日本映像学会

雑誌

映像学 (ISSN:02860279)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.46-55, 2014-05-25 (Released:2023-03-31)

著者

小林 力

出版者

日本薬史学会

雑誌

薬史学雑誌 (ISSN:02852314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.13-18, 2019 (Released:2020-07-09)

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For thousands of years, humans had sought miracle medicines. In the 1930s, people were generally the same as people today. But they were almost helpless in terms of treating bacterial infection. P. Ehrlich, watching synthetic dye molecules stain bacteria specifically and selectively, started the research for antibacterial agents, “magic bullets.” Although he failed to reach the goal, the German dye company Bayer succeeded in utilizing his concept and approach. In 1932, after screening 3,000 compounds over a four-year period, they succeeded in the development of the antibacterial red-dye compound Prontosil. This medicine was welcomed by the world as a miracle drug. In 1935, after the non-patentable derivative sulfanilamide was discovered by the Pasteur Institute, it was synthesized by many companies and spread worldwide. However, enthusiastic overuse of a medicine can cause something to go wrong. In 1937, diethylene glycol used as a solvent of Prontosil killed 105 people in the USA due to renal toxicity (i.e., Massengill elixir tragedy). In those days, toxicity data was not necessary for medicines. After this tragedy, the USA introduced a new strict law and empowered the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and many countries followed this action. Interestingly, this regulation changed the pharmaceutical industry. In order to obtain official approval for a new drug, companies require biologists, chemists and modern laboratories to obtain safety and effectiveness data. If they are unable to do this, they must change from new-drug manufacturers to over-the-counter or supplements manufacturer. The first strong medicine also changed the relationship between doctors and patients. Before sulfa drugs, doctors knew themselves to be powerless and were humble. But after the introduction of sulfa, they became self-confident against diseases and patients. Finally, Prontosil also reduced pessimism about medicines, dissipating the prevailing attitude that chemicals would never be able to cure most diseases. Thus, new pharmaceutical companies began utilizing the Bayer method to develop innovative drugs for treating many other diseases.

著者

後藤 紀史 寺岡 睦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会

雑誌

作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.5, pp.691-698, 2021-10-15 (Released:2021-10-15)

参考文献数

25

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作業に根ざした実践2.0(Occupation-Based Practice 2.0)は,クライエントの作業機能障害の改善と,クライエントを取り巻く環境で生じる信念対立に対処していく方法である.本報告では,回復期リハビリテーション病棟入院中の脳卒中後遺症を呈したクライエントに対して,OBP 2.0を用いた評価と介入を実施し,回復期リハビリテーション病棟におけるOBP 2.0の臨床有用性を検討した.その結果,関係者間での信念対立を低減しつつ,作業機能障害を改善しクライエントとの共通目的を達成することができた.OBP 2.0は多職種連携を中核概念に据える回復期リハビリテーション病棟において,有用である可能性が示唆された.

著者

川久保 篤志

出版者

地域地理科学会

雑誌

地域地理研究 (ISSN:21878277)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.14-23, 2023 (Released:2023-08-12)

参考文献数

13

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本稿は、1992年のオレンジ果汁の輸入自由化で需要が激減し、苦境に陥った国産柑橘果汁産業が、その後どのような経営転換を遂げたのか考察したものである。その結果、国産柑橘果汁生産の大半を担っていた農協系工場は、その規模は5分の1以下に低下したものの、濃縮果汁還元による製品だけでなくストレート果汁製品の生産にも注力するようになったこと、みかんだけでなく多様な柑橘類の搾汁・製品化を行うようになったことが明らかになった。これは、経済・社会の成熟化によって量より質を重視する消費嗜好が高まる中、経営を高付加加価値路線に転換したものといえる。また、2010年以降は、非農協系の果汁工場の参入もみられるようになった。これらの工場は、従来の柑橘果汁製品との価格競争を回避するために「原料にもこだわった高品質なストレート果汁」の製造に特化しているため、一般にスーパー等で見かけることはなく、高級食品店や土産物店、ふるさと納税サイトを含むネット通販が主な販路となっている点に特徴がある。このような高級感とローカル色が特徴の飲料に対する需要がいつまで続くのかは未知数だが、柑橘産地内における農家等の起業による果汁飲料の製造・販売は「農業の6次産業化」の動きとしては極めて興味深い。

著者

徳富猪一郎 著

出版者

民友社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第9 豊臣氏時代 己篇 朝鮮役 下巻, 1935

著者

田中 由貴乃

出版者

佛教大学

雑誌

佛教大学大学院紀要. 文学研究科篇 (ISSN:18833985)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.1-17, 2012-03-01

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自由党総理板垣退助は、明治十五年末から翌年六月にかけ、フランスをはじめとするヨーロッパを巡見した。八年後に迫った国会開設を控えて、先進諸国の実情を視察するためであった。しかし、その時期や、費用の出資者をめぐり、先ず党内の反対派から疑惑が指摘され、内訌を招き、自由新聞からも馬場辰猪らが退社する結果になった。さらに、紛争は党外にも飛び火し、改進党からも批判を浴び、自由党との間に、それぞれの機関紙上で、論争が展開した。本稿では、以上の紛争と新聞論争の実態を明らかにしたい。

著者

緒方 勝也 飛松 省三

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.106-113, 2015-02-10 (Released:2015-05-26)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

2

著者

恩田 光子 今井 博久 七海 陽子 平野 章光 藤井 真吾 荒川 行生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.3, pp.519-527, 2015 (Released:2015-03-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 8

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A nationwide survey was conducted to verify relations between the workload of home-visiting service by community pharmacists and outcomes. Data were collected on 5447 patients from 1890 pharmacies. Most (61.9%) pharmacists visited patients' homes twice monthly, spending there a net average of 20.6 work minutes. At the time of the survey, 29.8% of the patients had improvement of adherence compared with at start of home visits; 65.5% had no change, and 1.4% had gotten worse. Similarly, 41.6% had decreased unused medications, 54.4% had no change, and 2.3% had increased. Home-visiting pharmacists found adverse drug events (ADEs) caused by drug administration in 14.4% of their patients. They dealt with 44.2% of these cases by discontinuing administration of the responsible drug, 24.5% by reducing the dosage, and 18.3% by changing drugs, with a total of 88.1% having been improved. Prescription changes intended to correct problems occurred in 37.1% of the patients. In patients whom the pharmacists visited more often, a higher percent had ADEs, had their prescription changed to correct problems, and had improved adherence and unused medications. The average actual work time was longer in patients whose outcomes improved than in those whose outcomes did not. A higher involvement in homecare by pharmacists was found to improve outcomes of drug treatment.

著者

伊海 孝充

出版者

法政大学能楽研究所

雑誌

能楽研究 = 能楽研究 (ISSN:03899616)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.65-86, 2012-03

著者

児玉 聡 藤田 祐 久野 真隆

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.93-100, 2021-03-15 (Released:2022-04-19)

参考文献数

40

著者

山崎 孝史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

地理学評論 Ser. A (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.9, pp.512-533, 2001-09-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

135

被引用文献数

2

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本稿は, 1980年代以降の英語圏の研究動向に即して,グローバル化,国民国家,そしてナショナリズムの関係を理解するための地理学的視角について検討する.グローバル化に伴う昨今の動態的な政治・経済・社会的変化は,一方において国家の基盤である主権,領土,あるいは国民的均質性を問題化し,他方においてナショナリズムに喚起された新国家形成や国家分裂という事態を招いている.本稿はまず,こうした一見矛盾した世界政治の現状を最近の研究を通して把握し,国民国家とナショナリズムの今日的意味を理論的に検討する.次に,ナショナリズムの現代的諸理論を近代主義アプローチを中心に論評する.最後に,ナショナリズムを領域的視点から検討することの有効性を,中心-周辺関係,領域的アイデンティティ,地理的スケールの三つの空間的概念を基に考察する.これらの考察を通して,グローバル化時代における国民国家とナショナリズムに関する政治地理学的研究の方向性を提示する.

著者

造船協会 編

出版者

弘道館

巻号頁・発行日

vol.本編, 1911

著者

中村 民雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.53-59, 1976-03-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

22

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The school physical education modernized since the middle of the nineteenth century reached the level of that of the Western countries at the beginning of the twentieth century. This period covering half a century is call the Meiji Era.We can safely conclude that Meiji Era was a very important period for the establishment of the “ modern Budo ” in our country.The purpose of this thesis, therefore, is to describe how the Budo entered into the school physical education in Meiji Era.

著者

猪瀬 優理

出版者

「宗教と社会」学会

雑誌

宗教と社会 (ISSN:13424726)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.19-37, 2002-06-29 (Released:2017-07-18)

被引用文献数

2

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本稿は、これまであまり研究課題として取り上げられてこなかった宗教集団からの脱会について、ものみの塔聖書冊子協会からの脱会者39名を事例として分析した実証的研究である。特に本稿では、当教団の信者を親にもつ二世信者の脱会にみられる問題に焦点を当てている。本稿では、当教団が、信者にとって脱会が多くの困難や抵抗を生じさせる特徴を持つ教団であると考える。脱会の問題を考える手がかりとして、本稿では組織的離脱と認知的離脱が生じるプロセス、また脱会後に必要となる「社会的リアリティの再定義」の達成に焦点を当てる。このとき、認知的離脱と「社会的リアリティの再定義」の要件として、教団外情報の入手と教団外との人間関係の形成に着目して分析した。事例分析の結果として、一世信者と二世信者ではそれぞれ必要とされる情報や人間関係の性質が異なっていることが示された。

著者

牧野 富太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本植物学会

雑誌

植物学雑誌 (ISSN:0006808X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.143, pp.6-10, 1899 (Released:2007-05-24)

著者

佐藤 啓介

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.29-43, 2019-03-30 (Released:2019-05-22)

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Empirically, we say of the “Dignity of the dead”, which corresponds to the dignity of human being. On the other hand, theoretically, we don’t understand why and to what degree the dead should have the dignity. This article intends to found this reason and construct the foundation for the general ethics of the dead. The strategy in this article would be called “ethics of the dead from below”, which contrasts with “one from above” that emphasizes the Otherness of the dead and distance between the dead and us. There are two difficulties in admitting the dignity of the dead; the dead is the non-being who cannot suffer; we cannot affect and recover the way of being of the dead. But, recent philosophical investigations on the harm of death are solving the first difficulty by thinking that the dead can have ontological status in the symbolic or discursive levels. The second difficulty is solving by Ichinose’s thought how we would be harrowed by causal absence of the dead. These philosophical efforts would contribute to the universal and formal foundation for the ethics of the dead.