著者
植松 正
出版者
京都女子大学・京都女子大学短期大学部
雑誌
史窓 (ISSN:03868931)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, pp.27-43, 2007-02-10
著者
足立 広明
出版者
奈良大学史学会
雑誌
奈良史学 (ISSN:02894874)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30号, pp.163-194, 2013-01

アレクサンドリアにヒュパティアという名の女性がいた。彼女は哲学者テオンの娘であった。彼女は高い教養を修め、とくにプロティノスによって引き出されたプラトンの研究を成功裏に継承し、意欲を持って集まった人々にあらゆる哲学的学芸を開示した。
著者
細野 衛 佐瀬 隆
出版者
Japan Association for Quaternary Research
雑誌
第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.2, pp.79-93, 1989-07-31 (Released:2009-08-21)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
2 1

The old burial mound“Komatsu Kofun, ”which has been buried under the River Tone alluvial soil, was discovered at Hanyu City in Saitama Prefecture. The bottom of the chamber is situated 3 meters below the surface. It is considered that the mound was sunk by the Kanto Basin-forming movement, and has been buried by river sediments.In this study, the location of Kofun ground was defined by pedological analyses of soil just under the chamber. The following conclusions can be drawn by making a comparison between these data and the characteristics of nearby Kanto loam terraces.1) The basement of the burial mound is Tachikawa loam formation (tephra layer), which was formed in the Late Pleistocene, and Kofun was constructed on Kanto loam terrace. The formation is tephra in situ, not banked.2) As there is no soil horizon A (Kuroboku soil) at the bottom of the chamber, it is estimated that the chamber was set on Tachikawa loam formation, which acquires bearing capacity by stripping coarse structural Kuroboku soil.3) Tachikawa loam formation of the Kofun ground is air-borne and air-laid tephra, and non-tephra particles are also included in it. This mixed-particle tephra is not so extensive as to change the pedological characteristics of the Tachikawa loam formation.
著者
西村 蹊二 斉藤 祥 谷岡 誠一 門脇 淳
出版者
Tokyo Geographical Society
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.6, pp.346-363, 1977-12-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1

Detailed and intensive investigations have been carried out on the abrupt failure of submarine slope of a small island, Shin-jima, in Kagoshima Bay, Kyushu on April 1, 1975 by the joint research group of Geographical Survey Institute of Japan, Japan Maritime Safety Agency and Geological Survey of Japan under the sponsorship of Japan Science and Technology Agency.The Shin-jima island emerged from water at the great eruption of adjacent Sakurajima Volcano in 1779 to 1780 (An-ei Eruption) as one of central corns of Aira Caldera (MATSUMOTO, 1933). The island gradually reduced its exposed area by continuous wave erosion to form truncated configuration, being surrounded by broad, shallow, flat tidal bench.Geologically the island is composed of the latest Pleistocene to the earliest Holocene thick loose pumice deposits with intercalations of silt and clay showing inner bay facies. These formations are strongly faulted by eastwest faults. The surface of the island is covered with thin shell bed dominantly composed of Ostrea and andesitic lava. The flat bench around the Shin-jima consists of recent, loose pumiceous drift sand deposits derived from the island by wave erosion.The failure of the slope now in concern occurred at the spit of the southern tip of the island, where thickness of drift sand deposits attains at most about 35 meters according to sonic prospecting and borings at the spit. It was caused by submarine landslide in the thick, loose drift sand deposits. Volume of the slide mass amounts approximately 265, 000 cubic meters.The spit had formed steep submarine slope near critical angle by abundant supply of very loose drift sand from northern part of the island before the failure occurred. Neither sensible earthquakes nor volcanic activities of the Sakurajima which might have given significant effects to submarine landslide are observed and recorded in seismometer around the crucial moment of the failure.Therefore, the cause of the landslide is considered that the increase of load resulted from the deposition of drift sand attaining about 8, 400 tons in volume atop of the slope brought about decrease of safety factor of the slope to make it slide. Wave pressure seems to have triggered the slide because safety factor decreases about 20 % when fluctuation of pressure at the bottom caused by wave agitation is taken into account.
著者
木戸 久美子 中村 仁志 藤田 久美 林 隆
出版者
山口県立大学
雑誌
山口県立大学社会福祉学部紀要 (ISSN:1341044X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.135-139, 2005-03-20

本研究は発達障害と性非行および性犯罪との関連を文献的に考察することを目的とした。本邦における医学文献の検索には医学中央雑誌を、外国文献の検常には医学文献データベースMEDLINEを用いた。発達障害と性非行および性犯罪との関連の医学論文は国内で3件、国外で6件とともに少なかった。性非行や性犯罪と関連する発達障害としては、本邦では広汎性発達障害、なかでもAsperger症候群があげられていた。外国では注意欠陥/多動性障害(以下AD/HD)との関連も指摘されていた。どのような発達障害特性が性非行や性犯罪に関連するかは、エビデンスが十分ではないために断定的なことは言えない。発達障害と性非行および性犯罪を短絡的に結びつけることは大変危険であるが、文献的研究からは、発達障害児者の持つ発達特性と彼らを取り巻く否定的な環境要因が、結果的に発達障害児者を反社会的行為に追い込んでしまう可能性が示唆された。
著者
樋口 雄彦
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.203, pp.161-293, 2016-12

江戸幕府において天領の治水行政を所轄したのは勘定奉行をトップとする勘定所であり、その配下として実地で防災・復興などの土木工事を担当したのが普請役という下級官吏であった。普請役には純粋に技術者だった者がいた半面、工事に従事する農民を管理・監督するだけの行政官だった者も混在していたと考えられる。維新後、明治政府は治河使・土木司・土木寮・土木局といった担当部門を会計官・民部省・工部省・大蔵省・内務省などの下に位置づけ、治水を遂行するとともに、西洋からの新たな技術導入をはかった。新政府の直轄県で治水を担当した下級官吏の中には幕府時代に普請役だった者がおり、政権交代を経た後も現場レベルでは人的継続性が見られた。七〇万石の一大名として存続した、江戸幕府の後身たる静岡藩では、領内に富士川・安倍川・大井川・天竜川という大河があったことから、藩政機構の中に水利路程掛(後に水利郡政掛・水利郡方掛と改称)を置き、治水に意を注いだ。ただし、実際に領内各地で展開された治水技術は、蛇籠・大聖牛・牛枠といった竹木石を材料とした伝統的な工法にとどまり、近世との大きな違いは見られなかった。その一方、同掛には幕府時代に勘定所に属した者や普請役など、古くからの民政部門の経験者が身を置いた一方、海軍士官として西洋の科学技術を学んだ人物が幹部に就任するなど、近代化への志向が見られた。廃藩置県に前後して静岡藩の人材は明治政府に吸収されていったが、水利路程掛の出身者には中央省庁や府県において土木・治水行政を任された者もいた。また、同じ旧幕臣・静岡藩出身者としては、同藩の藩校沼津兵学校で身に付けた洋算・測量などを武器に土木寮の技師となり、お雇い外国人とともに仕事をしたような、より若い世代の一群の存在が生まれた。さらに、同校から工部大学校に進学し高等教育を受けた者の中からは、本格的な土木技術の専門家が輩出した。伝統工法にもとづき幕府の治水行政を担当した者たちと幕末に西洋近代科学を学び取った幕府海軍士官たちは静岡藩で合流し、水利路程掛や沼津兵学校を経由して明治政府へと引き継がれ、世代交代や新陳代謝を繰り返しつつ、真に近代的な意味での治水行政の担当者たる土木官僚・土木技術者へとつながっていったのである。In the Edo Shogunate Government, the Kanjō-sho (Treasury Department), led by the Kanjō-bugyō (Chief Treasurer), was responsible for flood control administration in the shogunal demesnes. Under the control of the Department, the low-ranking government officials called Fushin-yaku were in charge of construction works for disaster prevention and rehabilitation. They seem to have consisted not only of engineers but also of administrative officials who only supervised farmers engaged in construction works.After the Meiji Restoration, the Government of Japan set up departments in charge of civil engineering and construction, such as Chika-shi, Doboku-shi, Doboku-ryō, and Doboku-kyoku, under the supervision of the Kaikei-kan (Ministry of Accountant), Minbu-shō (Ministry of Public Affairs), Kōbu-shō (Ministry of Public Works), Ōkura-shō (Ministry of Finance), and Naimu-shō (Ministry of Home Affairs) to enhance flood control. Moreover, the Meiji Government strived to adopt new technologies from the West. In the meantime, some of the low-ranking government officials who had worked as Fushin-yaku in the Edo period continued to engage in flood control projects in prefectures under the direct control of the new Meiji Government, which indicates the retention of human resources at the field level even after the regime change.The Shizuoka Domain, established for the ex-shogun who was demoted to a daimyo with revenues of 700,000 koku, set up the department of water resources management (originally named as Suiri-rotei-kakari, later renamed as Suiri-gunsei-kakari, and then renamed again as Suiri-koorikata-kakari) under the local government to enhance flood control since there were large rivers within the territory, such as the Fuji, Abe, Ōi, and Tenryū Rivers. Though in the domain, technocrats only built simple wood, bamboo and/or stone structures for flood prevention, such as those called jakago, daiseigyū, and ushiwaku, by using traditional techniques similar to those used in early modern times, and seem to have strived for modernization. This is also illustrated by the fact that the department of water resources management not only consisted of government officials who had engaged in public affairs for years under the Edo Shogunate Government, such as Fushin-yaku and other officials of the Kanjō-sho, but also hired as senior officials those who had learned Western scientific knowledge and skills to become naval officers.Around at the time of haihan-chiken (the abolition of feudal domains and the establishment of prefectures), most officials of the Shizuoka Domain were assimilated into the Meiji Government. Some of those who had worked for the department of water resources management were appointed as civil engineering/flood control administrators at the central and prefectural governments. Meanwhile, among the ex-shogunate officials and the Shizuoka Government who had learned Western arithmetic knowledge and measurement skills in the Numazu Military Academy established by the Shizuoka Domain, some young officials served as engineers at the Doboku-ryō (Department of Civil Engineering), working with foreign specialists employed by the Government of Japan. Moreover, some of the students graduating from the academy and going on to the Imperial College of Engineering to further their education became professional civil engineers.Thus, the shogunate flood control administrators equipped with traditional engineering techniques and the shogunate naval officers armed with modern Western scientific knowledge were merged together in the Shizuoka Domain. After working for the department of water resources management or studying in the Numazu Military Academy, they were assimilated into the Meiji Government. Then, despite the change of generations and the turnover of personnel, their knowledge and skills were transferred to civil engineering bureaucrats and engineers in charge of truly modern flood control.一部非公開情報あり
著者
工藤 純也
出版者
岩手県立大学
雑誌
総合政策 (ISSN:13446347)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.1, pp.1-19, 2015-11

東北地方太平洋沖地震により、岩手県沿岸地域は甚大な被害を被った。地域の産業としての観光業は機能の多くを失ったが、被災地では「復興応援」や「支援」と銘打ったパッケージツアーが多数実施されている。被災地における観光を通じて、被災地の住民と観光客との間に意識のギャップが生じたり、地域の社会的アイデンティティが消費されるという問題は従前から指摘されてきた。そこで、これまで明らかになっていなかった、震災後に増加した「復興応援バスツアー」の全体像を、独自に構築したデータベースによって把握するとともに、観光客、観光地に暮らす住民、観光業従事者への聞きとり調査・質問紙調査を通じて、岩手県沿岸地域における東日本大震災後の観光の実態把握を行った。調査の結果、多数の復興応援バスツアーが被災地で実施されている一方、観光業従事者、地域住民、被災地を訪れる観光客との間の意識と関係性には、ズレが生じていることが明らかになった。このことをふまえ、地域住民と観光客、観光業従事者とを結びつける仕掛けの必要性について論じた。
著者
南茂 由利子
出版者
独立行政法人国立女性教育会館
雑誌
国立女性教育会館研究紀要
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.71-80, 2004-08

アメリカ合衆国の著名な法学者キャサリン・A・マッキノンの提起するフェミニズム理論を検討する。まず、彼女の最重要課題が、セクシュアリティにおける平等であることを明らかにする。マッキノンは、現在のセクシュアリティ概念自体が男性優位社会の構築物であるとして、新たなセクシュアリティ概念の構築を主張するが、その具体的な内容は示さないままである。本稿は、それがマッキノン理論の根本的問題に由来すると捉えて、その克服方法を考察するものである。根本的問題とは、生殖の社会性という視点の欠落と、性別以外の社会的関係の無視である。それらを土台とするマッキノン理論は、「人種」、民族、階級等々の社会関係に規定されているセクシュアリティの現実を変革する具体的ヴィジョンを示すこともできない。男女平等をめざすにあたり、性別を理由とする不公正を正すうえで、セクシュアリティ追究の平等を中心に据える彼女の姿勢は、性別以外の人間の社会的諸関係を捨象したセクシュアリティ中心主義ともいうべきものである。それは、性別に限られない諸関係の中に位置づけられて生きている女性達の現実を打破する思想・運動の中心課題にはなりえない。マッキノンは、私的領域が女性抑圧の温床となることが避けられないとしてその廃止を提起する。それが誤った現状認識に立つ危険な提起であることを、本稿は論じている。ファリダ・アクターを主たる参照先としながら、公・私二領域論によっては社会の構造と人の営みを捉え得ないことと、マッキノンの提起が人の営みを国家が統括する法の監視にさらす危険を孕むことを明らかにする。近代以降広範に浸透した公・私二領域論を克服するためには、人間存在の二重性を再認識し、「個」を社会的に埋没させることのない民主的な社会関係の創造とともに、従来の公・私二領域という二元論を超える新しいイデオロギーの創造が必要とされる。
著者
野尻 亘
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
国際文化論集 (ISSN:09170219)
巻号頁・発行日
no.47, pp.75-92, 2013-03-28

American geography of the 19th century suffered a major backlash due to the influence of environmental determinism. However, with the dawn of the 20th century, area studies became a major field. Yet even when much regional elements were broken down into detail and presented in terms of distribution, the difficulty remained of categorizing areas into objective, uniform regions. To address this difficulty, a variety of methodologies were developed regarding the concept of region. Sauer's "Morphology of Landscape" (1925) marked the beginning of this movement, followed by the concept of sequent occupance, defined by Whittlesey (1929). This concept addressed the succession and transition of the cultural landscape over the course of developments such as the hunter-gatherer society of indigenous peoples ; the immigration of farmers ; the formation of villages ; industrialization; and urbanization. In contrast, Hartshorne (1939) was influenced by Hettner (1927) in Germany, proposing the concept of areal differentiation, which in turn had a dramatic impact on the field of geography in the United States in the 1940s and 50s. This topographical methodology cited differences in distribution of various aspects of the earth's surface including weather patterns, geomorphology, soil, resources, etc., and also explained the spatial relationship between them. The issue here was that interpretations were made based on differences in specified phenomena between places. In other words, regions were conveniently interpreted in a way that suited the specific index that was chosen. This meant rejection of the kind of geography that emphasizes the morphological aspect of the cultural landscape. Further, it was concluded that it was not necessary to limit research topics to visible landscapes ; the new way of thinking emphasized the importance of choosing an event that would facilitate significant change arising from differences in location, or an event that had the potential to facilitate a change in other phenomena. However, while this type of methodology tends to emphasize the diversity of different regions, it also tends to close the door to generalization. James (1952, 1954) asserted the need to pay attention to areal likeness, an approach that enables comparison between regions. In addition, Whittlesey (1954) categorized regions into uniform regions and nodal regions for purposes of study. The uniform region is characterized by specified indices, standards and definitions such as the Corn Belt and the Cotton Belt. In contrast, nodal regions are those that have a specific focal point; that is, a certain structure is expected of this central area, including the flow and circulation of people and information emanating from a specific focal point. Depending on different standards, such as commutable zone and consumer catchment area, one can identify a diverse array of nodal regions. As noted above, studies in the field of geography in the United States, particularly in the post-World War II period, showed a deepening interest in clarifying the hierarchy and behavior of nodal and functional regions and regional interaction, paving the way toward system theory research on regional function systems. As part of this series of movements, Berry (1964) attempted to develop a fusion of the topographical or factorial ecology methodology and quantitative geography, applying multivariable analysis to regional data.