著者
廣幡 健二 相澤 純也 古谷 英孝 見供 翔 大見 武弘 大路 駿介 柳下 和慶 Kate E. Webster
出版者
公益社団法人日本理学療法士協会
雑誌
理学療法学 (ISSN:02893770)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.11358, (Released:2017-10-27)
参考文献数
25

【目的】日本語版ACL-Return to Sport after Injury(以下,ACL-RSI)scale を作成し,表面的妥当性と内的整合性を検討すること。【方法】国際的なガイドラインに準拠して,日本語版ACL-RSI scale の翻訳を行った。翻訳した日本語版ACL-RSI scale を使用して,術後4 ヵ月以上経過したACL 再建術後患者40名を対象に予備テストを実施した。得られたデータを記述的に要約し,天井および床効果の有無とクロンバックのα 係数を確認した。【結果】日本語版ACL-RSI scale の平均回答時間は1分49秒で,無回答率は0.01%未満であった。平均点数は59.3 点で,天井・床効果は認められなかった。クロンバックのα 係数は0.94 であった。【結論】日本語版ACL-RSI scale は表面的妥当性および内的整合性ともに良好であり,実用性の高い質問紙票であると考えられる。
著者
James Newman
出版者
Japanese Association for Digital Humanities
雑誌
Journal of the Japanese Association for Digital Humanities (ISSN:21887276)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.1, pp.7-36, 2019-08-30 (Released:2019-08-29)
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
2

This article focuses on Nintendo’s influential and much-celebrated 1998 videogame The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (hereafter OoT). In particular, it explores the often unexpectedly creative and wholly transformative ways in the game is played by ‘speedrunners.’ Seeking to race through the game as quickly as possible, speedrunners play in a distinctive way that combines mastery of performance execution with a deep knowledge of the game’s operation and how its systems may be exploited. Speedrunning performances are creative because they involve astonishingly detailed investigations of the minutiae of game behaviors. They are transformative because they disrupt and even invert much-vaunted aspects of the game as sequences that slow down progress are circumvented. As such, what would otherwise class as crucial moments in the storyline, key character development and even locales, are not only raced through but are actively skipped. Compared with the game’s narrative, the connectivity of its spaces, and the complex but clearly mapped passage of time as set out in Nintendo’s officially-endorsed ‘Strategy Guides’ (see Buchanan et al 1998; Hollinger et al 1998; Loe and Guess 1998), the OoT speedrun constructs an altogether different game with vastly altered priorities. And so, the offer to, ‘Join legendary hero Link as he journeys across Hyrule, and even through time, to thwart the plans of Ganondorf.’ (Nintendo 2017), is recast as a breakneck dash to the closing credits sequence evading and avoiding all but the essential moments of gameplay.
著者
小林 良樹
出版者
JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2009, no.158, pp.158_182-195, 2009-12-25 (Released:2012-02-20)
参考文献数
59

In December 2004, the United States Congress passed “the Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act of 2004,” which created the Director of National Intelligence (hereafter DNI). This was the most significant overhaul of the basic framework of the U.S. Intelligence Community since it was established in 1947. The basic idea of this reorganization mainly came from so-called “the 9/11 Commission Report” published in July 2004. The report criticized the weak management of the intelligence community headed by the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) who was also the head of the CIA, then recommended that the DCI should be replaced by a newly created National Intelligence Director to bring more integration and cooperation to the intelligence community. The object of this paper is to try to examine the following question; “Is the DNI functioning as was expected or not? In other words, is the DNI actually overseeing the Intelligence Community as a real head or not?”Evaluation of Major Factors(1) Status: The DNI, to some extent, has successfully demonstrated his leadership status over the intelligence community. However, some members of the community such as the Department of Defense seem to be still reluctant to recognize DNI's leadership status.(2) Man Power: The DNI has already established his own large institutional manpower base to support him, although it has only analytical function and does not have operational function.(3) Support from the President: The DNI also seems to enjoy strong support from the President to secure his leadership.(4) Budgetary and Personnel Power: The budgetary and personnel power of the DNI endorsed by the legislation is vague and not so strong, more or less similar to the power given to the DCI. The DNI seems to have established actual influence, to some extent, over personnel matters of civilian intelligence institutions such as CIA. However, DNI's actual influence on budgetary and personnel matters of military intelligence institutions affiliated to the Department of Defense seems very limited.(5) Quality of Intelligence Product: There has been some improvement for information sharing in the community after the reform. However, still it is too early to say that the new system has achieved significant improvement in the quality of the analytical products of the community.ConclusionTo some extent, the DNI seems to be successfully overseeing the intelligence community as new head of the community, especially over the civilian intelligence institutions such as CIA. However, DNI's oversight has not been perfect yet, rather partial. Especially DNI's budgetary and personnel power over the military intelligence institutions seems very limited. In other words, as a reality, the intelligence community may be divided into two parts; the civilian part overseen by the DNI and military part overseen by the Secretary of Defense.Given the above-mentioned limitations, it is unlikely that the DNI's oversight on military intelligence institutions would be improved significantly unless the current legislation is amended. The future success or failure of the DNI system also would depend on personality of those who will be actually appointed as the DNI as well as their personal relations with the president and other senior leaders.
著者
重政 香代子 森山 浩志
出版者
昭和大学学士会
雑誌
昭和医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00374342)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.5, pp.549-556, 1999-10-28 (Released:2010-09-09)
参考文献数
10

ヒト顎二腹筋の前腹と後腹を結ぶ中間腱の詳細な形態を検討するためにその形状, 支持組織, 滑液包様構造, 角度, 舌骨からの距離などの観察を行った.前腹側の腱膜形態と中間腱の支持形態をそれぞれ4型に分け, 顎二腹筋の中間腱部分の形状と舌骨との関係についての形態計測学的な評価を行い, 滑液包様構造物が加齢に伴なって増加することを見出した.顎二腹筋の中間腱部分についての教科書の記述は加齢変化を含めて修正の必要がある.
著者
Muhammad Yousuf Memon Ilyas Sadiq Safdar Ali Malik Muhammad Bin Zulifqar Muhammad Saad Malik Muhammad Hammad Malik
出版者
The Editorial Committee of Annals of Vascular Diseases
雑誌
Annals of Vascular Diseases (ISSN:1881641X)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.oa.21-00027, (Released:2021-11-09)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
4

Objectives/Background: With decreased patient downtime and reduction in health expenditures, endovascular treatments have become popular for the treatment of venous insufficiency. In this study, we assessed the outcomes of using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and sclerotherapy for refluxing veins and incompetent perforators in a developing country.Materials and Methods: Subjects were selected from an ongoing registry from October 15, 2015 to April 5, 2018. Patients were followed up until 6 months. Pre- and post-procedural Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, and Pathophysiologic (CEAP) scores were compared, and complications were documented and treated accordingly.Results: In total, 102 limbs (n=97) with 76 great saphenous veins (GSVs) and 26 small saphenous veins (SSVs) underwent RFA, with 79% undergoing concomitant sclerotherapy. Mean follow-up time was 188 days (±33.16). Moreover, 59% were males and 41% females. At the end of follow-up, 99% of the legs had complete occlusion. Pre- and post-procedural CEAP scores were 4.21±1.5 and 3.36±1.7, respectively (p-value <0.001). Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) types 1, 2, 3, and 4 were found in 8.8%, 3.9%, 1.9%, and 0% of the legs, respectively. Most common complications were pain and tenderness (51%), bruising (18%), and paresthesia (7%).Conclusion: RFA and sclerotherapy have proved to be safe and efficacious. Computed tomography (CT) venous mapping aids in delineating complex venous anatomy and in ruling out deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in cases with discrepancy on Doppler ultrasound. Strict compliance of procedural and post-procedural protocol can assure promising results and futuristic value.
著者
Yusuke Sato
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.12, pp.1141-1159, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-01)
参考文献数
192
被引用文献数
15

Considerable efforts have been made on the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for delivering of nucleic acids in LNP-based medicines, including a first-ever short interfering RNA (siRNA) medicine, Onpattro, and the mRNA vaccines against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which have been approved and are currently in use worldwide. The successful rational design of ionizable cationic lipids was a major breakthrough that dramatically increased delivery efficiency in this field. The LNPs would be expected to be useful as a platform technology for the delivery of various therapeutic modalities for genome editing and even for undiscovered therapeutic mechanisms. In this review, the current progress of my research, including the molecular design of pH-sensitive cationic lipids, their applications for various tissues and cell types, and for delivering various macromolecules, including siRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, mRNA, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) system will be described. Mechanistic studies regarding relationships between the physicochemical properties of LNPs, drug delivery, and biosafety are also summarized. Furthermore, current issues that need to be addressed for next generation drug delivery systems are discussed.
著者
山田 徹志 宮田 真宏 中村 友昭 前野 隆司 大森 隆司
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.44010, (Released:2020-11-27)
参考文献数
25

本論文では,保育分野(就学前教育・養育)において「子どもの育ち」を解釈する為の新たな方策として,子どもの位置・向き情報から関心を推定する分析手法の開発について報告する.我々はこれまでの研究から保育者が経験的に子どもの関心を読み取る際,子どもの位置・向きという行動特徴量を参照することを示した.同時に,人による関心状態の評価に対してベイズ推定を用いることで定量化できることが示唆された.これらをうけ本研究では,記録した保育活動場面の映像データ中の子どもの位置・向き情報と関心の対象について保育者によるアノテーションを実施した.その後,人手による関心記述の行動尤度と機械学習(HMM法,LDA法)による行動尤度を比較分析した.結果,取得した保育活動場面における幼児18名の関心の傾向は位置・向き情報から推定可能であることが示された.
著者
木村 俊明
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.790, pp.1655-1663, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-12-01)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
1

Since there is a close relationship between the form and force in the large span spatial structures, it needs to design a suitable structural form corresponding to the stress transmission. Furthermore, it is desired to construct efficiently with saving resources for reducing environmental loading. Structural engineers need to judge totally by considering various requirements (e.g. structural safety, aesthetics, constructability, and economics) for a short time. A structural rational form can be found easily using the optimization method. There are various studies of computational form-finding methods for large-span spatial structures. Recently, it has been applied for the realization of practical design. Generally, optimal shape tends to be a complex shape. According to the construction reports of its application, it can be confirmed that issues about constructability of complex shapes and reducing scaffolding material have been solved in the construction phase. It is significant to solve the construction problems during the early design phase by using optimization methods. Removing supports is one of the important construction processes for spatial structures. Generally, it is mentioned that depending on the support conditions during the removal process, the internal stress may be higher than those in the completed state in the RC large-span structures. From a point of view of safety, it is necessary to plan to remove supports carefully. Furthermore, planning for the construction process depends largely on the experience of the contractors/designers. In the case of complex shapes, it can be imagined that it involves a lot of trial and error and is extremely difficult. If the construction plan can be reasonably designed at the stage of the form-finding process, it will be possible to realize further resource-saving and efficiency of construction materials. There are a lot of studies about optimization for removing supports in the construction process of the truss or tensile structures. However, to the author's knowledge, there are a few studies for RC spatial structures. This paper presents a simultaneous optimization method for the large span spatial structures obtaining the process of removing supports in the construction and the shape of the completed state. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the summation of the strain energy during removing supports. The optimization algorithm consists of two methods. The coordinates of B-spline control points are optimized using Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP). Furthermore, Local Search (LS) is used for obtaining the order of removing supports. It is shown in the numerical examples that not only obtaining strain energy minimized shape, react force and stress are suppressed during the process of removing through optimization. In the case of a 2D arch, the optimal order is to start from the end with removing the center at last. In the removal phase, it is effective to leave the center support during the removal to reduce bending deformation. By using this method, it can realize the construction plan for the supports considering both structural safety and constructive efficiency. Moreover, the proposed methods require less computational cost than the heuristic method shown in the numerical example. In the optimization using NP2, it is possible to obtain the solution with less computational cost than using NP1. However, the order of removal of supports becomes complicated. From a point of view of practical design, this result needs caution to avoid mistakes in construction.
著者
野沢 謙 江崎 孝三郎 若杉 昇 林田 重幸
出版者
公益社団法人 日本畜産学会
雑誌
日本畜産学会報 (ISSN:1346907X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.6, pp.234-242, 1965-06-25 (Released:2008-03-10)
参考文献数
21

わが国の九州南西方につらなる離島には体格の著るしく小さい在来馬が古くから飼われている.この系統の馬は本邦の繩文,弥生時代に最初に出現し.わが国の馬産に大きな影響を遺した最も古いタイプの在来馬である.われわれはこの種在来馬の遺伝子構成を究めるため,1961年より1964年にかけ,対馬,種子島,口永良部島,トカラ,奄美両群島,および琉球諸島に数回の遠征を試み,毛色と血液型を調査した.その際比較のため,日本内地から導入された種雄馬によって改良された雑種馬の遺伝子構成をも調査し,さらに何人かの先学によっておこなわれた,いろいろな馬種の毛色と血液型に関する調査結果をも参照した.これらの比較検討によって次のことが判明した.1. 島嶼型在来馬の集団には元来,青毛遺伝子(a)と河原毛,月毛を支配する優性稀釈遺伝子(D)とはなく,日本内地から導入された改良馬によつて雑種化されるとこれらの遺伝子が流入する.2. 島嶼型在来馬の集団は鹿毛と栗毛を支配するB-b座位は多型をあらわしている.雑種馬の集団に比べて,b遺伝子の頻度は著るしく高い.3. 島嶼型在来馬の集団にはU1原を支配する優性遺伝子の頻度は極めて低く,雑種化と共にこの頻度は規則正しく増加する.
著者
松下 希和
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.721, pp.593-602, 2016 (Released:2016-03-30)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1 1

The objective of the research is to analyze the psychological evaluation of the spatial representation in the Western paintings to obtain the insights to the reception of the architectural images. The psychological evaluation experiment based on the SD methods was conducted to quantitatively measure the impression of the spatial representation by the viewers. The factor analysis was conducted in order to capture the psychological evaluation structure, and 7 factors are obtained. The Cluster Analysis was performed to categorize 5 distinctive types of the reception from the psychological evaluations, <Consciousness-Types>. The analysis of the <Consciousness-Types> as well as <Element Composition> and <Focus-Zone> types obtained from the Indication Experiments showed the certain relationship between the psychological evaluations and compositional characteristics.
著者
源馬 琢磨 三浦 秀穂 林 克昌
出版者
CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
日本作物学会紀事 (ISSN:00111848)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.3, pp.414-418, 1993-09-05 (Released:2008-02-14)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
2 4

わが国の水田利用再編対策のもとで, ワイルドライス (アメリカマコモ) のもつ水生植物としての特性や寒冷地での適応性は, 北日本での実用的な水田栽培の可能性に対する興味を刺激している. 本研究では, 幼植物体の生育に及ぼす水深と温度の影響を検討するため, ニつの実験を行った. 実験1はNetumを用いてガラス室で, 実験2はK2を用いて人工気象室で実施した. 移植後30日目の乾物重でみた生育は, 実験1では水深2cmで, 実験2では2~6cmで促進された. これらには葉と根の数とサイズの増加が貢献していた. 草丈は水深の違いによって大きく影響されないが, 8cm以上の水深で栽培したとき徒長気味の生育を示し, 幼植物体の乾物重は大きく低下した. 実験2でみた温度の影響は強く表れ, 12℃に比べ20℃での生育が優った. 温度と水深の間には相互作用がなく, これら二つの要因は独立して幼植物体の生育に影響を及ぼすとみられた.
著者
宮崎 彰吾
出版者
公益社団法人 全日本鍼灸学会
雑誌
全日本鍼灸学会雑誌 (ISSN:02859955)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.1, pp.40-44, 2021 (Released:2021-10-28)
参考文献数
5

【目的】「あん摩マッサージ指圧、はり、きゅう、柔道整復業」 へのCOVID-19の短期的影響について報告する。 【方法】2015年第1四半期(1~3月平均)から2020年第2四半期(4~6月平均)までの1世帯(二人以上の世帯)当たりの「あん摩マッサージ指圧、はり、きゅう、柔道整復業への支出金額」を家計調査から得て、COVID-19の蔓延による緊急事態措置の実施期間を含む2020年第2四半期について、前期、前年同期と比較した。また、同じ療術業ではあるが休業要請対象となった「法的な資格制度がない、その他の療術業(整体、カイロプラクティック、リフレクソロジー、骨盤矯正、など)への支出金額」を比較対照とした。 【結果】2020年第2四半期において、「あん摩マッサージ指圧、はり、きゅう、柔道整復業」への1世帯当たりの平均支出金額は前期より9%、前年同期より13%減少した。一方、「法的な資格制度がない、その他の療術業」への1世帯当たりの平均支出金額は前期より46%、前年同期より41%減少した。 【結論】「あん摩マッサージ指圧、はり、きゅう、柔道整復業」へのCOVID-19の短期的影響として、前年同期より売上高が13%減少したと考えられる一方、「法的な資格制度がない、その他の療術業」よりも減少幅が小さく抑えられたことから、需要の底堅さをうかがい知ることになった。
著者
名知 秀斗
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.S45008, (Released:2021-11-25)
参考文献数
14

近年,汎用的能力や資質・能力の一つとして,批判的思考が着目されている.本研究では,批判的思考態度の育成を目指し,トゥ―ルミン・モデルを取り入れた数学教育の開発と評価を行った.その結果,本研究で開発した授業が,批判的思考態度を向上させる可能性が示唆された.
著者
尹 成秀
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.4, pp.492-504, 2016 (Released:2017-02-01)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
4 3

本研究は在日コリアン青年の心理学的問題について, 対人関係における体験に焦点化し検討を行ったものである。在日コリアン青年14名に対してエピソード・インタビューを行い, 得られた語りをグラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチを用いて分析した。その結果, [日本人との関係における体験], [在日コリアン同士の関係における体験]についてのカテゴリー関連統合図が作成された。 考察では, 在日コリアン青年は日本人との間でも在日コリアン同士の間でも, 相手との差異を認識した際に相手が差異に対して否定的な態度であると想定し, 自身もその差異を望ましくないものとして意味づけている可能性が示唆された。そして, そのために彼らには相手からの評価や相手との関係が悪化する不安, 疎外感, 劣等感が生じる可能性が考えられた。しかし同時に, 在日コリアンであることを知ってもらいたいなどの相反する情緒も生じるために, 差異をめぐる状況で葛藤が生じることが示唆された。また, そうした状況で彼らは自身の認識や気持ちとは異なる相手に合わせた対応を行う場合もあることが見出された。この体験は彼らの対人関係のなかで反復されるものであり, 中核的な問題の1つであると考えられた。