著者

戸嶋 真弓 石川 哲朗 神門 典子

出版者

情報知識学会

雑誌

情報知識学会誌 (ISSN:09171436)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.286-291, 2013-05-25 (Released:2013-07-25)

参考文献数

6

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ディジタルネイティブとは,生まれた時からインターネットやパソコンが身近に存在しており,それらを利用することに抵抗がなく,それ以前の世代とは行動特性の異なりが見られる世代のことを指す.本研究では,この世代に属する日本人の大学生が,授業において課題を行う場合,Web検索を用いる情報探索を促すことによって,知識の獲得にどのような特性を示すのかを,課題遂行前と課題遂行後の連想単語の変化に焦点を当てて調査し,検討した.調査参加者を「Web検索を用いて学習することを毎授業時に明示的かつ継続的に指示」したW(Web)クラスと「主に図書館を用いて学習することを,毎授業時に明示的かつ継続的に指示」したL(Library)クラスに分け,課題に関しての学習を行 った.この結果,両者の間には,課題遂行前後での連想単語の種類と数(平均 : W事前6.9個,事後13.2個; L事前5.8個,事後9.7個)に違いが見られた.

著者

大久保 光 福田 宙央 坪井 涼 田所 千治 佐々木 信也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.838, pp.15-00679-15-00679, 2016 (Released:2016-06-25)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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Tribological properties of a diamond-like carbon film were investigated under lubrication with commercial fully formulated oils. Friction tests were carried out for a hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H)/steel tribopair under lubrication with the four types of fully formulated oil using a reciprocating type ball-on-disk tribo-tester. To clarify the friction and wear mechanisms, surface analysis, such as Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were conducted on the wear tracks of a-C:H disks. The results of friction tests and surface analysis show that the properties of tribofilms on DLC films play important roles in determining the tribological properties of DLC films under lubrication with fully formulated oils.

著者

大竹 秀幸 猿倉 信彦

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会誌 (ISSN:13405551)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.1, pp.27-30, 2000-01-01 (Released:2008-04-17)

参考文献数

16

著者

久留戸 真奈美 中村 千春 塩原 みゆき

出版者

日本化粧品技術者会

雑誌

日本化粧品技術者会誌 (ISSN:03875253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.298-303, 2010-12-20 (Released:2012-12-20)

参考文献数

3

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昨今,若い女性たちの腕や脚に乾燥した状態が目立っているが,これはムダ毛の手入れと非常に関係が深い。本研究では,一般女性19名の腕,脚,腋の肌の状態を調査するとともに,電動脱毛器3機種とカミソリによる手入れを比較して,ムダ毛の手入れと肌への影響を調査した。この結果,手入れの前後で,TEWLが増し,安全カミソリのみならず,むしろ,肌を傷めずに脱毛できると訴求される電動脱毛器においても,肌に赤みや炎症を起こし肌荒れの原因になる可能性が示された。

著者

戒能 俊邦

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.10, pp.1125-1130, 1998-10-10 (Released:2009-02-05)

参考文献数

31

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非線形光学材料の応用の一つに波長変換特性を活用した超高速光信号検出用光サンプリング (OS), および電気光学効果を活綱した超高速集積回路診断用電気光学サンプリング (EOS) がある.従来,これら超高速サンプリング素子としてKTPなど無機系非線形光学材料が検討されているが,大きな非線形光学効果を有する有機材料を用いることによって高感度OS, EOSの実現が期待できる.本論では実用的素子応用をねらいとする有機非線形光学材料として,分子結晶,イオン結晶,および電気光学高分子を取りあげ,情報の高感度,高速検出・処理素子への適用に向けた研究・開発状況,応用への課題対応を紹介する.

著者

谷内 哲夫 四方 潤一 伊藤 弘昌

出版者

一般社団法人 レーザー学会

雑誌

レーザー研究 (ISSN:03870200)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.7, pp.365-369, 2002-07-15 (Released:2009-10-21)

参考文献数

20

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A coherent terahertz (THz) wave can be generated by difference frequency generation (DFG) using nonlinear optical crystals. DFG has a potential advantage of wide tunability achieved by a proper selection of the DFG crystal and input wavelengths. In this paper, we present the latest progress in widely tunable THz-wave generation from 0.3 to 6.5 THz using DAST crystals. As a dual-wavelength light source for DFG, we employed a KTP optical parametric oscillator in the 1100-1200 nm range pumped at 532 nm. Using a thick DAST crystal more than 1 mm, maximun THz-frequency was limited to 0.6 THz. However, using thin DAST crystals less than 0.3 mm, a peak power of more than 10 mW were successfully generated at 2.5 and 4.3 THz. In spite of the present nanosecond-pulse operation, a compact system of widely tunable THz-waves, including a diode-pumped Q switched Nd:YAG laser and a pyroelectric detector, could be useful in THz-imaging and spectroscopic applications.

著者

荻野 俊郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-2, 2017-01-10 (Released:2017-01-23)

著者

掘越 弘毅

出版者

極限環境生物学会

雑誌

極限環境微生物学会誌 (ISSN:13485474)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.96-99, 2006 (Released:2007-04-26)

著者

谷川 朋範 堀 雅裕 青木 輝夫 八久保 晶弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会/日本雪工学会

雑誌

雪氷研究大会講演要旨集 雪氷研究大会(2012・福山) (ISSN:18830870)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.96, 2012 (Released:2012-10-24)

著者

新帶 國太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.178-183, 1918-03-15 (Released:2010-10-13)

著者

深石 一夫

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.11, pp.741-754, 1973-11-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

20

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釧路での気象観測資料から霧の出現頻度,季節的変化,侵入速度,消散速度,侵入時の風向風速について調査した.また1972年7月, 8月には市内各地で気象観測を実施し,霧の侵入時の気温分布,風系,霧前線の移動等を明らかにした.さらに,霧の侵入時の風が夏の卓越風を代表しているので,偏形樹の調査を行ない,霧の侵入と関連が深いことがわかった.

著者

Yuta Kimura Mari Naeshiro Yuri Tominaga Toyoaki Anai Fuminori Komai

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-139, (Released:2017-01-25)

被引用文献数

7

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‘Sagan-Ruby’ is the first grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) cultivar to be developed in Japan and is used for food, cosmetics, and other purposes owing to its favorable characteristics, such as the absence of harmful pesticides and its long shelf life. The desired qualities of grapefruit depend on the specific use, and these qualities are influenced by the metabolite composition of the fruits. However, little is known about the influence of the growing environment or harvest period on the metabolite composition of the ‘Sagan-Ruby’ grapefruit. Therefore, we harvested fruits that were grown either in a plastic house without artificial heating or outdoors with rain cover from December, 2014 to April, 2015, on a monthly basis, and we investigated the composition of the primary metabolites such as sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, in the juice and peel of the fruit using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We detected a total of 53 and 68 compounds in the juice and peel, respectively, and the first and second components of the principal component analyses of the detected metabolites of both juice and peel were associated with the growing environment and harvest period, respectively. Since we observed that glucose, fructose, sucrose, and citric acid were more concentrated in the juice of outdoor-grown fruits than in that of the house-grown fruits, especially in March and April, it is likely that the sweetness and acidity of the fruits are dependent on the growing environment. Similarly, the primary metabolite contents, including succinic acid and other organic acids, were higher in peels from outdoor-grown fruits. In addition, we also observed that the contents of proline, phenylalanine, and other amino acids in the juice increased continuously from December to April, and many sugars, including glucose and fructose, gradually decreased in peels from December to February and were lower from February to April. These results indicated that quality of the ‘Sagan-Ruby’ grapefruit varies with the harvest period.

著者

Xi Li Akira Kitajima Keiko Kataoka Rihito Takisawa Tetsuya Nakazaki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-054, (Released:2017-01-25)

被引用文献数

3

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Histological investigations of the fruit abscission zone and morphological changes in abscission zone cells in ponkan (C. reticulata Blanco), hyuganatsu (C. tamurana hort. ex Tanaka), ‘Kiyomi’ (C. unshiu × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were conducted using detached fruits incubated in agar medium under 25°C, 4 weeks after anthesis during secondary physiological fruit drop. In the 96 h after the fruit abscission induction by detaching the fruits, the cumulative abscission ratio was 100% in ponkan, 22% in ‘Kiyomi’, and below 10% in hyuganatsu and satsuma mandarin. Fruit abscission began at 36 h in ponkan and ‘Kiyomi’, at 54 h in satsuma mandarin, and at 60 h in hyuganatsu after the fruit detachment. The fruit abscission zone was located on the connected part between the fruit and the disc in ponkan and hyuganatsu on the disc tissue in satsuma mandarin and ‘Kiyomi’. During the fruit abscission process, no abscission layer was observed at the abscission zone in these species and cultivars. Morphological changes in the abscission zone cells were determined by scoring cell changes (a score from 0 to 4) at five positions of the abscission zone. In ponkan, the morphological changes in the abscission zone cells, which began 30 h after fruit abscission induction, were synchronized in a symmetrical position in the abscission zone. The changes in ‘Kiyomi’ began at 30 h, and they consisted of a one sided collapse of the symmetrical position of the abscission zone. The changes in satsuma mandarin were similar to those in ‘Kiyomi’. This implies that the different patterns of morphological changes in the abscission zone cells in ponkan, ‘Kiyomi’, and satsuma mandarin depend on the different locations of their abscission zones. Overall, the results suggest that the cue for fruit abscission in early abscised fruit occurs until 30 h after blocking the carbohydrate translocation to the fruit under 25°C.

著者

齋藤 昭彦

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.85-90, 2005 (Released:2005-06-30)

参考文献数

1

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老人保健施設や地域で活躍する理学療法士が増えるなかで,理学療法士には直接的に対処できない医学的問題を抱える患者に遭遇する機会が増加している。諸外国ではすでに理学療法士による独立診療が行われている。このような状況の中で,リスクを把握し,回避するために骨関節系疾患と同一症状を呈するほかの医学的疾患とを鑑別する能力が求められている。患者の病歴,主観的訴え,客観的所見が筋骨格系以外の問題の存在を示唆し,医学的フォローアップが必要であることを同定する能力を理学療法鑑別診断という。理学療法士は患者の訴えを包括的にとらえ,理学療法の禁忌となる症状や理学療法士の知識の範囲を超える病態を示唆する症状がみられる場合には医師に報告しなければならない。本稿では整形外科領域でのリスクを回避するための理学療法鑑別診断について記載する。

著者

山本 紘暉 梶田 創 小泉 直也 苗村 健

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.401-410, 2016 (Released:2016-10-31)

参考文献数

13

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We propose a novel display method, EnchanTable, that can augment a table surface with mid-air images. Users can interact with visual images displayed on the table by using real objects. In our optical design, we place an optical imaging device behind a table, and the light from the device forms a vertically standing mid-air image reflected at the table surface. This design displays the image right on the table. The merit of our method is that the requirement for the table is only a reflective surface. Utilizing this, we can add extra devices, such as touch sensors, around the table, or display mid-air images on a tablet whose surface is sufficiently reflective. Owing to its compactness, this method can be applied to other tabletop-interaction systems.

著者

Sho FUKUI Norihiko OOYAMA Jun TAMURA Mohammed Ahmed UMAR Tomohito ISHIZUKA Takaharu ITAMI Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0666, (Released:2017-01-21)

被引用文献数

14

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Maropitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, may provide analgesic effects by blocking pharmacological action of substance P. Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for pain control in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of maropitant and carprofen on the minimum alveolar concentration for blunting adrenergic response (MAC-BAR) of sevoflurane in dogs. Six healthy adult beagle dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane four times with a minimum of 7-day washout period. On each occasion, maropitant (1 mg/kg) alone, carprofen (4 mg/kg) alone, a combination of maropitant (1 mg/kg) and carprofen (4 mg/kg), or saline (0.1 ml/kg) was subcutaneously administered at 1 hr prior to the first electrical stimulation for the sevoflurane MAC-BAR determination. The sevoflurane MAC-BAR was significantly reduced by maropitant alone (2.88 ± 0.73%, P=0.010), carprofen alone (2.96 ± 0.38%, P=0.016) and the combination (2.81 ± 0.51%, P=0.0003), compared with saline (3.37 ± 0.56%). There was no significant difference in the percentage of MAC-BAR reductions between maropitant alone, carprofen alone and the combination. The administration of maropitant alone and carprofen alone produced clinically significant sparing effects on the sevoflurane MAC-BAR in dogs. However, the combination of maropitant and carprofen did not produce any additive effect on the sevoflurane MAC-BAR reduction. Anesthetic premedication with a combination of maropitant and carprofen may not provide the sparing effect on anesthetic requirement in dogs.

著者

末内 啓子

出版者

財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1992, no.101, pp.90-105,L10, 1992-10-24 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

56

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Studies of International Relations have been undergoing debates for some time. Contrasting views of international relations have resulted in debates, such as those between idealists and realists over norms and objectivity, and between traditionalists and behavioralists over history via-a-vis science. Recently, the influence of “critical theory, ” which examines relations between a theory and its norms, challenges the mainstream of International Relations, which has pretended to separate itself from values. For instance, recent studies by Robert Cox, R. B. J. Walker, Richard K. Ashley, and Mark Hoffman assert that any theory in the field of International Relations is bound to values and history. These studies try to examine the assumptions and the nature of theories in International Relations.Under the influence of the recent development of studying the relations between norms and theory in International Relations, this paper analyzes state-centric models in the tradition of realism (i. e. H. J. Morgenthau) and neorealism (i. e. Robert O. Keohane, Kenneth N. Waltz, and Robert Gilpin). This analysis encompasses questions such as: what are the theorists' views of international relations? What are the normative values underlining their views? How are these explanations and values related to each other in each theory?The state has been seen as the most significant actor in the mainstream of International Relations, including realism which sees international relations as a competition among states, and neorealism which recognizes the increasing importance of international economic issues and international regimes during the era of declining U. S. hegemony. The state continues to be described as a rational actor, and at the same time as an indispensable actor in international relations. Both realism and neorealism are based on their assumptions of the separation between theory and norm and are engaged in their pursuits of science. As natural scientists pursue the control of nature, realists and neorealists consider that their science of international relations will provide practical tools to create order and stability out of international relations, which are seen as originally anarchic.This examination argues that despite their pretension to value-neutrality, objectivity, scientific outlook, and rationality, the mainstream studies in International Relations are heavily grounded in values. The separation of values and methods create a norm of analytical supremacy and scientific rationality which give the illusion of control over international relations. Realism and neorealism also eliminate challenges to themselves by asserting their “scientific” legitimacy. Accordingly, the dominance of state-centric models in realism and neorealism resulted in their peculiar structure of logic and justification, leaving the field undeveloped in terms of critical challenges to these approaches.Therefore, this analysis concludes that it is essential to examine the nature of relations between theory and norms within theories. This attempt encourages the examination of these models by challenging their premises. This approach would not immediately invent an “alternative” theory; yet, it is a significant beginning to the reassessment of the state of the field and the consideration of theoretical alternatives. Accordingly, it is essential to create an analytical dialogue with these theories and to examine the textures of theories which weave together norms, values, and ideas within a historical context.

著者

星川 秀利 藤本 浩志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 C編 (ISSN:03875024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.680, pp.1080-1085, 2003-04-25 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

12

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of lower saddle height on the knee joint. Five healthy male pedal at 60 rpm against the work load of 100 and 200 W. Three saddle heights of 80, 90 and 100% of trochanteric leg height are selected in this study. During each trial, the position data of the right lower limb's joints by the video camera and the force data of the right pedal by the force sensor are measured. Using these data, the inverse dynamics analysis is done, and the following results are obtained. The peak link force acting on the knee joint and the peak knee extension moment do not indicate any change over the three saddle heights, however, the angles at their peak values shift to the knee flexion as the lower saddle height. These results indicate that the lower saddle would overload at the knee joint.

著者

Tomoyuki SHIBATA Hiromi YAMASHITA Tomohiko KAWAMURA Yasutaka JODAI Takafumi OMORI Kazuya SUMI Yuichiro ICHIKAWA Masaaki OKUBO Takamitsu ISHIZUKA Tomomitsu TAHARA Mitsuo NAGASAKA Yoshihito NAKAGAWA Ichiro HIRATA Naoki OHMIYA Makoto NAKAO

出版者

バイオメディカルリサーチプレス

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.305-310, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming small amounts of beer or a nonalcoholic beer taste beverage (non-beer) on gastric emptying and the polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism-related enzyme-encoding genes. Twenty male healthy volunteers were questioned regarding their alcohol consumption status, and body measurement was performed. The genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B (rs1229984, Arg47His) and ALDH2 (rs671 Glu487Lys) were analyzed. The subjects consumed 150 mL of beer or non-beer once per week, followed by the ingestion of 200 kcal of the test nutrient containing 13C-acetate 15 min later, after which the subjects’ exhalations were collected up to 120 min. The concentration peak of 13C was measured as Tmax. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity for the marker of small intestinal function activity was also measured the day after the test. Gastric emptying was significantly slower in the group that consumed a small amount of beer, and in daily beer consumption group, and also in the ADH1B *2/*2, ALDH2 *1/*2 genotypes compared to non-beer drinking group. DAO values were not significantly changed between beer and non-beer group. The consumption of even a small amount of beer and the polymorphisms in ADH1B / ALDH2 affects gastric motility.

著者

Chae-Woo Lee Seong Gil Kim Min Sik Yong

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.309-311, 2014 (Released:2014-02-28)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5 34

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the the effects of hippotherapy on gait and balance ability in patients with stroke. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty stroke patients were randomly divided into a hippotherapy group and a treadmill group and they conducted exercise for eight weeks. [Results] Berg Balance Scale score, gait velocity, and step length asymmetry ratio were significantly improved in the group receiving hippotherapy training. However, in the group receiving treadmill training, only step length asymmetry ratio was significantly improved. In the comparison between the hippotherapy group and treadmill group, there was no significant difference in Berg Balance Scale score, but a significant difference was found in gait velocity and step length asymmetry ratio. [Conclusion] The results of this study indicated that hippotherapy is a helpful treatment for stroke patients.