著者

松崎 寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本語教育学会

雑誌

日本語教育 (ISSN:03894037)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, pp.25-35, 2009 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

8

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従来の音声教育実践研究には,指導前後の発音成績等を比べた量的研究は多いが,教師と学習者の行動を質的に分析した研究はあまりない。本研究では,韻律指導時の内省および行動を,学習者,教師,観察者のメールによる報告をもとに分析し,教師に求められる知識および指導技術について,「モデル音を与えることの是非」「評価の食い違いと評価箇所のズレの問題」「誤用指摘方法の使い分け」「教師の正誤判断や解答を与えるタイミング」「学習者の発音に対する教師評価」等の観点から考察した。

著者

森山 卓郎

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1992, no.101, pp.64-83, 1992-03-25 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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In Japanese, there are two kinds of forms which stand for epistemic modality(EM) : one type 'daroo' can be used in questions, and the other-so-called secondary modal forms(e. g. 'kamoshirenai')-can not.This paper explains this phenomenon and analyzes the meaning and function of 'daroo' in relation to a new discourse model in Japanese.EM implies that the contradictory assumption is also probable in the supposed world. On the other hand, a typical question stands for the optional relation of the supposed worlds. Because of this relation, the secondary modal forms can not be used in questions. For example, a collocation such as *kare-wa tabun ichinensei kamoshirenaika ?(Lit.Possibly, may he be a freshman?) is ungrammatical.'Daroo' however can be used in. quetions. The meaning of 'daroo'should be regarded as the indicator of judgement-forming process(IJFP)in discourse. In questions, 'daroo' functions as the moderation of the demand for a clear answer. In declarative sentences, 'daroo' means possibility, in case the hearer's information is neglected, but- if the hearer's information is mentioned, 'daroo' means a sort of confirmation. These phenomena can be explained if we assume that IJFP can involve the hearer's judgement in the discourse, and these arguments are supported by morphological evidence.

著者

水本 篤

出版者

関西英語教育学会

雑誌

KELESジャーナル (ISSN:24238732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.44-49, 2017 (Released:2018-03-16)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

著者

Miya Urui Yasuyuki Yamada Akira Nakagawa Fumihiko Sato Hiromichi Minami Nobukazu Shitan

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.10, pp.1494-1497, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

参考文献数

15

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Advancements in synthetic biology have facilitated the microbial production of valuable plant metabolites. However, constructing complete biosynthetic pathways within a single host organism remains challenging. To solve this problem, modular co-culture systems involving host organisms with partial pathways have been developed. We focused on Escherichia coli, a general host for metabolite production, and Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii), a novel synthetic biology host due to its high expression of biosynthetic enzymes. Previously, we reported the co-culture of E. coli cells, which produce reticuline (an important intermediate for various alkaloids) from glycerol, with P. pastoris cells, which produce the valuable alkaloid stylopine from reticuline. However, Pichia cells inhibited E. coli growth and reticuline production. Therefore, we aimed to improve this co-culture system. We investigated the pre-culture time before co-culture to enhance E. coli growth and reticuline production. Additionally, we examined the optimal concentration of Pichia cells inoculated for co-culture and methanol addition during co-culture for the continuous expression of biosynthetic enzymes in Pichia cells. We successfully established an improved co-culture system that exhibited an 80-fold increase in productivity compared to previous methods. This enhanced system holds great potential for the rapid and large-scale production of various valuable plant metabolites.

著者

江藤 隆之

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山法学 = St. Andrew's University Law Review (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.1-21, 2019-10-07

著者

山田 直樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

日本船舶海洋工学会誌 KANRIN(咸臨) (ISSN:18803725)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.21-26, 2009-09-10 (Released:2018-03-30)

著者

北村 圭司

出版者

日本医用画像工学会

雑誌

Medical Imaging Technology (ISSN:0288450X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.381-384, 2010 (Released:2010-12-07)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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PETにおけるイメージングは,陽電子放出核種でラベルした放射性薬剤の三次元的な分布を検出器対で同時計数された消滅放射線のイベント列から推定することである.本稿ではPETの原理と画像再構成について解説する.

著者

椎 崇 黒田 明平 社本 典子 三巻 祥浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年医学会

雑誌

日本老年医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.72-80, 2020-01-25 (Released:2020-02-18)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5 7

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目的:生薬・オウゴンを構成生薬とする漢方薬の重大な副作用として,間質性肺炎や肝機能障害が挙げられる.バイカリン(BL)はオウゴンの主要成分であり,これら副作用への関与が強く示唆されている.本研究では,漢方薬を安全に使用するための基礎資料を得ることを目的に,オウゴンが配合される漢方薬中のBL量を定量した.方法:オウゴンが1日量として1.5~4 g配合される漢方薬28処方の煎液と医療用エキス製剤のBL量を定量した.結果:同一の漢方処方では,煎液とエキス製剤間でBL量に1.7倍から4倍の差が認められ,いずれも煎液中のBL量が多かった.さらに,小柴胡湯,乙字湯,大柴胡湯,柴朴湯,黄連解毒湯,柴苓湯の各エキス製剤における製造会社間のBL量を比較した.その結果,小柴胡湯,乙字湯,大柴胡湯,柴朴湯エキス製剤において,それぞれ最大2.6倍,1.6倍,1.5倍,1.3倍の有意な差が認められた.一方,黄連解毒湯と柴苓湯のエキス製剤においては,製造会社間で有意な差は認められなかった.考察:医療現場においては,漢方薬の煎液にはエキス剤と比較して1.7~4倍のBLが含まれることを認識し,煎じ薬はより効果が期待できる反面,副作用の発症頻度も増える可能性があることを考慮して使用するべきと考える.また,漢方薬の調製に使用したオウゴンの量のほか,製剤中に含まれるBL量とそのアグリコン(非糖部)であるバイカレイン(BA)量に関する情報も示すことを提案する.

著者

Yasushi Matsuzawa Masaaki Konishi Michikazu Nakai Yusuke Saigusa Masataka Taguri Masaomi Gohbara Toshiaki Ebina Masami Kosuge Kiyoshi Hibi Kunihiro Nishimura Yoshihiro Miyamoto Satoshi Yasuda Hisao Ogawa Yoshihiko Saito Naoki Nakayama Ichiro Takeuchi Kouichi Tamura Kazuo Kimura

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.7, pp.1140-1146, 2020-06-25 (Released:2020-06-25)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

16 15

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Background:Low population density may be associated with high mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of population density and hospital primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volume on AMI in-hospital mortality in Japan.Methods and Results:This is a retrospective study of 64,414 AMI patients transported to hospital by ambulances. The main outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. The median population density was 1,147 (interquartile range, 342–5,210) persons/km2. There was a significant negative relationship between population density and in-hospital mortality (OR for a quartile down in population density 1.086, 95% CI 1.042–1.132, P<0.001). Patients in less densely populated areas were more often transported to hospitals with a lower primary PCI volume, and they had a longer distance to travel. By using multivariable analysis, primary PCI volume was found to be significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, but distance to hospital was not. When divided into the low- and high-volume hospitals, using the cut-off value of 115 annual primary PCI procedures, the increase in in-hospital mortality associated with low population density was observed only in patients hospitalized in the low-volume hospitals.Conclusions:Increased in-hospital mortality related to low population density was observed only in AMI patients who were transported to the low primary PCI volume hospitals, but not in those who were transported to high-volume hospitals.

著者

北海道旅客鉄道株式会社編

出版者

北海道旅客鉄道

巻号頁・発行日

2001

著者

中野 誠

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 組織学会

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.18-27, 2023-09-20 (Released:2023-09-30)

参考文献数

12

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本稿の目的は,人的資本を会計・ファイナンスの視点から問い直すことにある.そのため,第1に人的資本会計の概念整理を行い,貸借対照表(以下,BS)借方を「人的資産」,貸方を「従業員持分」として明示的に峻別する.第2にBSに計上されている人的資産の事例を取り上げる.サッカーチームの「選手登録権」は個人を測定単位とした人的資産の事例である.組織を測定単位とした人的資産の事例としては,R&D活動のうちの「開発資産」を取り上げる.第3にBS貸方に目を転じて,「従業員持分」概念の提示を通じて,マルチ・ステークホルダー型のBS,「従業員資本コスト」,マルチ・ステークホルダー型WACCという考え方を紹介し,未来の会社の姿をイメージする.

著者

船山 道隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会

雑誌

高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.301-310, 2011-09-30 (Released:2012-10-13)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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前脳基底部健忘は, 前向性健忘, 逆向性健忘に加えて, しばしば, 作話, 注意障害, 人格変化が出現する。側頭葉内側部の損傷による健忘と比べると, 自発性作話が特徴的である。本論では, 慢性的な自発性作話の責任病巣を検討した。1 年以上慢性的に自発性作話が続いた前脳基底部健忘 8 例の病巣を重ねた結果, 自発性作話が持続する場合の責任病巣は, 前脳基底部に加え, 前頭葉眼窩面, 前頭葉腹内側に広がり, 若干右半球優位であった。自発性作話の機序として, 過去の記憶の再体験, 肯定的に歪曲, 以前に提示された記憶痕跡を抑制できないこと, 記憶再生時に記憶の断片が混合することが考えられた。

著者

柴田 るり子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本医薬品情報学会

雑誌

医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.63-66, 2011 (Released:2011-10-27)

著者

佐野 之人

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.72, pp.127-139, 2021-04-01 (Released:2021-05-20)

著者

小林 雅之

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.51-62,en214, 1981-09-12 (Released:2011-03-18)

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In 1970s a lot of critical works on the Human rCapital Theory which has been a theoretical framework of the economics of education have been raised in the U.S.A. Among them, the Segmented Labor Market Theory, especially the Internal Labor Market Theory and the Screening Device Hypothesis seem to be very suggestive from a view point of the sociology of education. This paper aims at reviewing these new views and acquiring implications about school education systems.The Internal Labor Market Theory insists as follows: There are barriers to entry in the internal labor markets. Employment of workers is restricted to entry jobs and they are promoted internally. They acquire their vocational skills not by school education but by On the Job Training (OJT). By acquiring these skills they are promoted to the higher rank jobs. If these skills are enterprise-specific, employers must bear the training costs. To minimize the hiring and training costs, employers prefer to promote workers internally rather than hire them from outside the enterprises. The more skills are enterprise-specific, the more the labor markets are internalized.The Screening Device Hypothesis insists as follows: Education does not contribute to raising productivity, but serves as a means to sorting people for jobs. Employers do not have enough information about work performances of workers. So they use education as an indirect proxy measure of workers' abilities.In the internal markets, the more skills are enterprise-specific and training needs long time, the more employers use education as a Screening Device and become indifferent to vocational skills acquired by school education and skills are acquired by OJT. Thus in the internal labor market school education is used as a Screening Device and the transmission function of vocational skills by school systems is weakened. Moreover, some economists declare that school education develops personalities which are correspondent to hierarchical work relations in enterprises.Japanese labor markets characterized by a life-time employment system seems to be well explained by the Internal Labor Market Theory. In the internal labor markets the utilities of vocational knowledge and skills acquired by school education are denied. Some empirical research evidences support this conclusion.

著者

伊勢田 哲治

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.45-57, 2001-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

26

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This paper discusses how evolutionary biology can contribute to sociological theory. I maintain that a biological understanding of human being can function as a common language among various competing trends in sociological theory. Sociologists do not use biological insights much, but one of the reasons for this is that simply they are not sure how such insights relate to their own research interests. My main purpose in this paper is to give an example of an enhancement of social theory (a conflict analysis of stratification) from an evolutionary point of view, hoping to remedy the 'biophobic' attitude of some sociological theorists.

著者

志水 宏吉

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.5-30, 1993-10-15 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

47

著者

天野 郁夫

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.44-49, 1983-10-20 (Released:2011-03-18)

被引用文献数

2

著者

森 重雄

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.185-197,en269, 1983-10-20 (Released:2011-03-18)

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We distinguish “sociology of educationinMax Weber” from “Weberiansociology of education”. The latter means the viewpoint of M.S. Archer, R. King, M.F.D. Young and R.Collins. So does the former ours.It is never mere our conviction, that numerous works of Weber do not only provide terms which is useful to sociological analysis (i.e. methodological contribution), but also constituteaworld of unity. This world indicates unique characters of the modern western world. And theeducational systemwas born onlyin this modern western world.So, we would like to use works of Webersubstantially (which means acute contrast toWeberiansociology of education). In short, in this discourse, we examine the historical and cultural origin of educational system alongside to the unique characters of western world which are the central interest of Max Weber. Our work means no less than “sociology of education in Max Weber”.

著者

丸山 宏

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.12, pp.1022-1024, 2014-12-10 (Released:2019-09-27)