著者

Kunihiko Fukushima

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE (ISSN:21854106)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.304-321, 2019 (Released:2019-10-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

13

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Deep convolutional neural networks (deep CNN) show a large power for robust recognition of visual patterns. The neocognitron, which was first proposed by Fukushima (1979), is a network classified to this category. Its architecture was suggested by neurophysiological findings on the visual systems of mammals. It acquires the ability to recognize visual patterns robustly through learning. Although the neocognitron has a long history, improvements of the network are still continuing. This paper discusses the recent neocognitron, focusing on differences from the conventional deep CNN. Some other functions of the visual system can also be realized by networks extended from the neocognitron, for example, recognition of partly occluded patterns, the mechanism of selective attention, and so on.

著者

髙野 雄史

出版者

国士舘大学法学会

雑誌

国士舘大学大学院法学研究科・総合知的財産法学研究科 国士舘法研論集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, 2015

著者

高橋 浩一郎

出版者

NHK放送文化研究所

雑誌

放送研究と調査 (ISSN:02880008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.11, pp.66-74, 2022 (Released:2022-12-20)

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初期『おかあさんといっしょ』には、飯沢匡や川本喜八郎など、外部クリエーターが多数関わっていたことが分かっているが、映像がほぼ残っていないため明らかになっていないことが多い。今回、1962~1966年に週1回番組内で放送されていた「こんな絵もらった」(脚本・筒井敬介、作画・堀内誠一)の台本と原画写真が遺族の元に保管されていることがわかった。それらの資料を基にして、これまで十分にわかっていなかった番組の演出、内容、制作状況、外部クリエーターのかかわりなどを明らかにした。また、番組は放送外の展開を見せるが、その展開を通し、他メディアと比較してテレビが持つ特性の可能性と限界について考察した。

著者

遠藤 勝治郎 松下 幸雄

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.796-802, 1962-05-01 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

著者

石野 良純

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.343-352, 2023 (Released:2023-06-13)

参考文献数

32

著者

郭 琤

出版者

早稲田大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 : 別冊 (ISSN:13402218)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.191-200, 2019-03-30

著者

森下 達雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.8, pp.839-843, 1972-08-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

4 6

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The distribution of proteolytic enzymes in the internal organs of octopus, Octopus vulgaris CUVIER, was investigated. 1. Proteolytic activities were detected in all the organs examined, though there were remarkable differences in the activities among the organs. 2. Proteolytic enzymes of such organs as liver, renal sac, heart, branchial heart and pancreas showed two optimum pH, near 2.5 and 6.0, for casein hydrolysis and the proteolytic activity of each organ was higher at pH 2.5 than at pH 6.0. The pancreatic enzyme scarcely hydrolyzed casein in the alkaline region. As for the activities of these organ enzymes, that of liver was the highest, followed by those of branchial heart, pancreas, renal sac, and heart in that order. 3. The anterior salivary gland and the submaxillary gland contained a proteolytic enzyme with optimum pH near 2.5. That of the former possessed the highest activity after the branchial heart enzyme. 4. The proteolytic activity of the posterior salivary gland was remarkably high in the alkaline region, which means that it possessed the highest activity of all the organs investigated. The pH optimum was near 8.5. 5. Proteolytic enzymes of digestive organs, such as crop, stomach, coecum and intestine, showed three optimum pH near 2.5, 6.0 and 7.5. They possessed only low activities, especially at alkaline pH.

著者

小西 潤子

出版者

東京都立大学小笠原研究委員会

雑誌

小笠原研究年報 (ISSN:03879844)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.51-70, 2020-06-30

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本稿では、父島の「小笠原盆踊り」が1968 年小笠原諸島返還後、いかに形成されいかなる意味を帯びてきたのかを小笠原青年協議会の活動に注目し、1. 萌芽期、2. 返還踊り期、3. ≪小笠原音頭≫の転換期、4. 観光資源化とブランド化の4 つのフェーズから論じた。そして、返還記念祭が村民参加型エンターテインメントとしての性格を強めていったこと、返還10周年以降の記念行事開催時期の限定に伴って踊りの転換が生じたこと、国の施策によって小笠原盆踊りが観光資源化、ブランド化し踊り歌に変化が起こったことなどを明らかにした。さらに、小笠原盆踊りを巡って人々の間に「死者の歓待と鎮送」という原点回帰が起こっていることを論じた。

著者

渡邊 嘉章 北島 翼 西口 奈菜子 渡邊 聖子 里 龍晴 伊達木 澄人 井手口 怜子 森内 浩幸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本小児神経学会

雑誌

脳と発達 (ISSN:00290831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.136-140, 2017 (Released:2017-04-22)

参考文献数

18

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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) 法は造影剤を使用せず脳血流をみることのできるMRIの撮影方法であり, 近年海外では片頭痛発作時のASLに関する報告が散見される. 今回acute confusional migraine (ACM) の小児2例を経験した. 錯乱状態出現時にASLを撮影し, 1例は両側後頭葉から頭頂葉, 側頭葉にかけての血流低下を認め, もう1例は左大脳半球の血流低下を認めた. T1強調画像, T2強調画像, 拡散強調画像, fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) 画像は正常であった. 後日再検したASLでは2例ともに血流低下は改善していた. 後頭葉だけでなく, 大脳半球に広範囲の血流低下を来すことがACMの特徴と考えられた. ASLは, single photon emission CT (SPECT) による被ばくや造影MRIによる造影剤の使用といったリスクを伴わず繰り返し検査が可能であり, 鑑別に苦慮するACMでは診断の一助となる可能性がある.

著者

小川 恵子

出版者

日本外科代謝栄養学会

雑誌

外科と代謝・栄養 (ISSN:03895564)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.62-64, 2021-04-15 (Released:2022-05-15)

参考文献数

20

著者

Nobuyuki NUKINA Yasuo IHARA

出版者

The Japanese Biochemical Society

雑誌

The Journal of Biochemistry (ISSN:0021924X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.5, pp.1541-1544, 1986-05-01 (Released:2008-11-18)

参考文献数

11

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Paired helical filaments (PHF) are unusual neuronal fibers which accumulate progressively in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The insolubility of PHF in various kinds of solvents enabled us to obtain highly purified PHF, but prevented the application of conventional analytical methods to identify their components. Here we report that antibodies against purified PHF recognize tau protein, a brainspecific microtubule-associated protein, suggesting that a portion of PHF is tau protein.

著者

山村 崇 後藤 春彦 田島 靖崇

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.773, pp.1447-1457, 2020 (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

27

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In recent years, a large number of new office buildings are continuously being constructed in the central business district (CBD) of Tokyo, stimulated by the latest deregulation policies. Conversely, office centers that are relatively far from the city center face a tough market environment: many facilities are over 30 years old, and reinvestment is needed. However, there are many cases where large-scale reinvestment cannot be expected in office centers that are outside of the city center, because the convenience of railways is inferior to that of the CBD.  In such a context, this study analyzes the renewal cases of business districts led by private companies in Tennoz, Shinagawa city, Tokyo Metropolis. In Tennoz, the value of the area has increased through the continual small-scale incremental reinvestment by private companies without relying on large-scale reinvestment (hereinafter referred to as “small-scale continuous upgrading”). We examine the effect of small-scale continuous upgrading on the reconstruction of area value from the three aspects of “tenant industry”, “average rent”, and “area image”. The findings obtained are as follows:  1) Tennoz can be divided into two areas: “Bond Street Area” where small-scale continuous upgrading efforts has been concentrated and “Large Office Area” where it has not. In “Large Office Area”, reinvestment has been mostly limited to those related to the hardware performance of office buildings. On the other hand, reinvestment in the “Bond Street Area” has actively promoted maintenance that is not directly related to business functions, such as beautification of facades and pavements, enhancement of planting and art, and attraction of commercial facilities.  2) We compared tenant industry changes and rent changes between the two areas. In the “Large Office Area”, the main tenant industry has changed from manufacturing to wholesale and retail. Although the rent was high at the beginning of development, rents have been sluggish since then, as large companies representing the region moved out. On the other hand, in the “Bond Street Area”, rents were low at the beginning of development, but recently creative businesses such as advertising design firms have flowed in, so rents have risen.  3) Tennoz was recognized as a modern and high-quality office area until the late 1990s. In the 2000s, key tenants flowed out of the area, and the image of a declining office area became prevalent. In the 2010s however, upgrading activities at Bond Street were widely recognized, and the local image as an artistic quarter spread and became established.  From the above results, it was confirmed that the small-scale continuous upgrading process in Tennoz improved the regional value in all aspects of “tenant industry”, “rent” and “area image”.

著者

田熊 一敞

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.9, pp.663-669, 2001-09-01 (Released:2002-09-27)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1 1

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Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, are considered to have physiological and pathological roles in neuronal activities. We found that reperfusion of cultured astrocytes after Ca2+ depletion causes Ca2+ overload followed by delayed cell death and the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in the reverse mode is responsible for this Ca2+-mediated cell injury (Ca2+ paradox injury). The Ca2+ paradox injury of cultured astrocytes is considered to be an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, since a similar paradoxical change in extracellular Ca2+ concentration is reported in ischemic brain tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the Ca2+-mediated injury of astrocytes and the protective effects of drugs against Ca2+ reperfusion injury. This study shows that Ca2+ reperfusion injury of astrocytes is accompanied by apoptosis as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Calpain, reactive oxygen species, calcineurin, caspase-3, and NF-κB are involved in Ca2+ reperfusion-induced delayed apoptosis of astrocytes. Several drugs including CV-2619, T-588 and ibudilast protect astrocytes against the delayed apoptosis. CV-2619 prevents astrocytes from the delayed apoptosis by production of nerve growth factor, resulting in an activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase signal pathways. The protective effect of T-588 is mainly mediated by an activation of MAP/ERK signal cascade. Moreover, ibudilast prevents the Ca2+ reperfusion-induced delayed apoptosis of astrocytes via cyclic GMP signaling pathway. Further studies in this system will contribute to the development of new drugs that attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of astrocytes.

著者

中里 理子

出版者

上越教育大学

雑誌

上越教育大学研究紀要 (ISSN:09158162)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.1-14, 2005-09-30

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オノマトペは日本語の語彙の特色の一つであり,国語科の授業の中でも体系的に取り上げるべき語群であると思われる。本稿ではまずオノマトペの定義および名称について確認し,その上でオノマトペを指導する際に踏まえておくべき特徴について,教科書の例を挙げながら整理した。その特徴とは,オノマトペが直接的・感覚的な語群であること,その多くが個性的・創作的なものであること,意味内容が語音と語形に大きく関わっていること,語音と語形には共通感覚があることである。これらの特徴を理解することは,オノマトペを体系的に取り扱うことにつながるものである。最後に読解指導の中でオノマトペがどう関連するかを検討するために,小学校教材の「わらぐつの中の神様」を例に取り,オノマトペの効果を広く考え合わせることで登場人物の人物像と心情の読み取りがさらに深くなることを見ていった。

著者

平田 佐智子 中村 聡史 小松 孝徳 秋田 喜美

出版者

The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.274-281, 2015

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Japanese "onomatopoeic" words (also called mimetics and ideophones) are more frequent in spoken discourse, especially in informal daily conversations, than in writing. It is a common belief that onomatopoeia is particularly frequent in some areas, such as the Kinki region. To examine the plausibility of this folk dialectology, we investigated the frequency of onomatopoeia in the Minutes of the Diet as a corpus of spoken Japanese. We examined whether there is really a difference in the use of onomatopoeia among the eleven major regions of Japan. We analyzed the conversation data (limited to the last two decades) according to the hometowns of the speakers. The results revealed that there is no cross-regional difference in the overall frequency of onomatopoeia and non-onomatopoeic adverbs. However, a particular morphological type of onomatopoeia?i.e., "emphatic" onomatopoeia, such as hakkiri 'clearly'?did show a regional variation in frequency. The results suggest that different types of onomatopoeia have different functions. The present study introduced a "macro-viewpoint" method that is based on a large-scale database. Further investigations into the functional aspect of onomatopoeia will also benefit from a dialectological method that adopts a "micro-viewpoint" on the detailed descriptions of a small number of speakers from each region. We hope that the present quantitative approach to the sociolinguistics of onomatopoeia will offer a new perspective on dialectology and on the effective utilization of onomatopoeia in the field of information science.

著者

岡 義記 寒川 旭

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.6, pp.393-409, 1981-12-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 4

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Geographic Outline AWaji Island lies from NE to SW, dividing the east Inland Sea. The central range running in same direction continues to the Rokko mountains which are thought to have been elevated by crustal movement in Pleistocene (Rokko Movement). In the southern part of this island is the Yuzuruha mountains of Cretaceus sedimentary rocks which are a part of the series of mountain ranges on the north of Median Tectonic Line (MTL). In the plains of this island are seen hills of Pliocene deposits (the Awaji group) elevated from below the bottom of the Inland Sea.Purpose of Study The authors intended in this study to make clear the process of the formation of the east Inland Sea and Awaji Island. In order, they carried out the investigation on following points : 1. Relation between the Miocene deposits and the age of the formation of the erosion surface on the mountains in the north.2. Sedimentary process of the Awaji group.3. Faults and deformation of the Awaji group.Result of study The results obtained are as follows : 1. The morphology of the basement rocks (granitic rocks) in the north had been already gentle and undulating before the Kobe group deposited, caused by the Miocene transgression. The thickness of it reached a few hundreds meter in the north, but after regression the Kobe group was erosed down to basement. The mountains in the north were flattened again in this age.2. In Pliocene time, the area of the east Inland Sea depressed and deposited the Awaji group of gravel, sand, lacustrine silt and clay. In early stage, the lake began to be supplied with sand, and gravel from the area to the north of the island. In last stage, rivers originated to the south of MTL carried gravel (Goshiki-hama gravel) over MTL. to the lake.3. Goshikihama gravel is supposed to be contemporaneous with the Uchihata gravel, which is the lowest of the Osaka group (Yoshiki OKA 1978). The lower part of the Awaji group is suggested to be older than the Osaka group.4. The thickness of the Awaji group reaches 800 meter in the north and 300 meter or more in the middle part of the island. It indicates the depression of the Inland sea in Pliocene time.5. The fault movement in this island took place after the sedimentation of the Awaji group. Reverse and transcurrent faults by E-W compression have been discriminative since the middle of Pleistocene age.6. The faults can be divided, by strike, into three types, as follows : Type I (N60°E) The faults of this type caused the uplift of the Yuzuruha mountains in the south.Type II (N-SNE-SW) This type of faults caused the uplift of the central range of the island.Type III (N20°W) This type of faults are active reverse faults cut through the main range of the island.

著者

溝辺 真

出版者

九州病害虫研究会

雑誌

九州病害虫研究会報 (ISSN:03856410)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.66-71, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

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0.4mm目ネットに代わる微小害虫の侵入防止技術として,0.8mm目ネットにマシン油や展着剤を噴霧する方法を室内試験や小規模の野外試験で検討した。油脂を主成分とする気門封鎖剤やいくつかの展着剤を所定の濃度に希釈し,0.8mm目ネットに噴霧すると,タバココナジラミはネットに付着した薬液に捕捉され,ネットを通過できなかった。また,同様にマシン油の原液を0.8mm目ネットに噴霧する方法の侵入防止効果を黄色粘着板への誘殺数により検討したところ,ネットのみの平均誘殺数が98.2頭であったのに対し,マシン油を噴霧した場合の平均誘殺数は0.5頭となり,0.4mm目ネットの平均誘殺数 6.0頭と同等の侵入防止効果が認められた。マシン油の原液処理はワタアブラムシやヒラズハナアザミウマに対しても,同様の効果が認められた。さらに,マシン油の原液処理の効果持続期間について検討したところ,降雨のないガラス室内では,処理 131日後においてもタバココナジラミに対して処理直後とほとんど変わらない効果が認められた。

著者

吉永 泰 久保 典男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本風力エネルギー学会

雑誌

風力エネルギー (ISSN:03876217)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.452-455, 2013 (Released:2015-12-02)

著者

木村 佳織

出版者

中古文学会

雑誌

中古文学 (ISSN:02874636)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.39-48, 1993-11-30 (Released:2019-05-18)

著者

末吉 佐久子

出版者

関西大学大学院東アジア文化研究科

雑誌

東アジア文化交渉研究 = Journal of East Asian cultural interaction studies (ISSN:18827748)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.119-136, 2020-03-31

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During the history of ceramics in Japan, the group of tea potteries that developed from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period was called Momoyama tea potteries. These primarily consisted of Shino ware, Seto ware, Oribe ware, Bizen ware, Iga ware, Shigaraki ware, Karatsu ware, and Raku ware. One of the characteristics of the Momoyama tea potteries was "imperfection." Momoyama tea potteries have been studied in various ways, including from the perspectives of the history of ceramics and the history of the tea ceremony. However, there have not been many studies that have focused on the form of imperfection to consider its aesthetic elements. This paper will examine why imperfection, which is considered a negative element in design terms, can be an aesthetic. In particular, this paper will focus on two Momoyama tea potteries characterized by imperfection that have been handed down through generations : the Gray Shino Tea Bowl called "Mine no Momiji" (or "Maple on the Peak"), Mino ware (16th–17th c.), the Gotoh Museum; and the Freshwater Jar called "Yaburebukuro" ("Torn pouch"), Iga ware, natural ash-glazed stoneware (17th c.), the Gotoh Museum. The design elements of line, surface, volume, texture, dynamics, and balance will be analyzed to highlight the aesthetic character of imperfection.