著者

鈴木 武志 山口 創 村瀬 未希子 福島 寛子 明神 貴広 藤嶽 暢英

出版者

一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会

雑誌

日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (ISSN:02885840)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.107, 2018

著者

夏目 葉子

出版者

日本薬史学会

雑誌

薬史学雑誌 (ISSN:02852314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.118-139, 2017 (Released:2020-08-09)

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The first part of the Bower Manuscript is called the Lasuna-kalpa because it describes medical formulations that include garlic, or lasuna in Sanskrit, which is believed to refer to Allium sativum L. The aim of this study is to reinterpret the descriptions of garlic in the Lasuna-kalpa and to examine its pharmaceutical contents. This paper begins with a general discussion on ingesting garlic, which was both a religious taboo and a medical treatment in ancient India. Three major medical works-The Caraka-samhita (CS), the Susruta-samhita (SS) and the Astangahrdaya-samhita (AHS)─are then revisited in respect to their description of garlic in order to highlight its medicinal properties. In light of this examination, the specific formulations described in the La?una-kalpa are analyzed from a modern pharmaceutical perspective paying due attention to the second half of the Lasuna-kalpa. The scripture of Brahmanism prohibits the Brahmans from eating garlic because of garlic's growth environment, which was seen as impure, and the behavioral code for the Brahmans renders garlic unclean for them. Some Buddhist scriptures also discourage eating garlic because its smell is considered unspiritual for priests and lay devotees alike. Eating garlic was regarded as an unspiritual act both in- and outside the religious organization. Despite these negative social and religious norms, Brahmanism and Buddhism admitted using garlic for medical purposes. Thus, in ancient India, garlic was given dual attributes of religious taboo and medical utility. Garlic is mentioned in CS for treatments of various diseases, in SS in a diet therapy for the gynecology system, and in AHS for rejuvenation. Garlic decreases vata (air) and kapha (phlegm), while it increases pitta (bile). The Lasuna-kalpa apparently consists of two parts, the first of which describes eight formulations of garlic. Since the second part does not explicitly mention garlic, it can be conjectured that the second part is a later addition in the process of transmission.

著者

久保田 陽子 伊田 昌功 伊藤 宏一 加藤 浩志 辻 芳之

出版者

近畿産科婦人科学会

雑誌

産婦人科の進歩 (ISSN:03708446)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.257-264, 2014

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日本では諸外国に比し硬膜外麻酔を用いた無痛分娩の普及率は著しく低いが,当院では分娩例の約半数に無痛分娩を施行している.今回,2010年7月から2011年12月の間での無痛分娩症例において,後方視的に自然分娩例と比較し分析することにより,無痛分娩が分娩や新生児に与える影響を明らかにすることを目的とした.無痛分娩群では自然分娩群と比較して,回旋異常発生率・陣痛促進剤使用率・吸引分娩施行率・分娩所要時間(分娩第1期・分娩第2期)が有意に上昇したのに対し,緊急帝王切開移行率・分娩時総出血量は両者で有意差を認めなかった.新生児への影響に関しては,Apgar score,臍帯血pHには有意差を認めなかった.臍帯血BEにおいては両群間で有意差を認めるも,ともに正常値の範囲内であり,以上より無痛分娩が新生児へ悪影響を及ぼすことはないという結果になった.無痛分娩による母体合併症として,当院では2例の硬膜穿刺後頭痛を経験したが,いずれも保存的治療のみで症状は軽快し,うち1例では次回分娩時にも無痛分娩を希望した.以上より,分娩帰結に差がないことを考えれば,痛みのない分娩を選択でき得ることは妊婦にとって大きな助けになると思われる.〔産婦の進歩66(3):257-264,2014(平成26年8月)〕

著者

Eun-Jung Sung Yutaka Tochihara

出版者

Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology

雑誌

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science (ISSN:13453475)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.21-27, 2000-01-30 (Released:2000-04-12)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

46 67

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The effects of daily bathing and hot footbath (immersion of feet in hot water) in winter on the sleep behavior of nine healthy female volunteers were studied. Subjects were assigned to three sleep conditions: sleep after bathing (Condition B), sleep after hot footbath (Condition F), and sleep without either treatment (Control). Polysomnograms (consisting of electro-encephalograph, electrooculograph, and electromyograph) were obtained, and body movements during sleep were measured while monitoring both the rectal and skin temperatures of subjects. In addition, subjective sleep sensations were obtained with a questionnaire answered immediately by the subjects on awakening. The rectal temperature increased by approximately 1.0°C under Condition B, but this elevation was not observed under Condition F compared with Control. In contrast, the respective increases in the mean skin temperature of participants subjected to bathing and hot footbath were greater than those of Control, although these temperature differences became negligible 2 h after subjects went to bed. The sleep onset latency was shortened under both conditions compared with Control. Body movements during the first 30 min of sleep in Control were greater than under the other conditions. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep decreased under Condition B compared with Condition F, and stage 3 was greater under the latter condition compared with Control. As such, the subjective sleep sensations were better under the two treatment conditions. These results suggest that both daily bathing and hot footbath before sleeping facilitates earlier sleep onset. A hot footbath is especially recommendable for the handicapped, elderly, and disabled, who are unable to enjoy regular baths easily and safely.

著者

山下 聡 広瀬 大 木下 晃彦 ルーシー チョン 中静 透

出版者

日本森林学会

雑誌

日本森林学会大会発表データベース

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, pp.147, 2008

著者

米田 幸雄 荻田 喜代一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.2, pp.45-57, 1997 (Released:2007-01-30)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1 1

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In eukaryotes, protein de novo synthesis is mainly controlled at the level of gene transcription by transcription factors in cell nuclei. Transcription factors are nuclear proteins with abilities to recognize particular nucleotide sequences at promoter or enhancer regions on double stranded DNAs, followed by modulation of transcription of their inducible target genes. These transcription factors are categorized into 3 different major classes according to their unique protein motifs. In this article, we have outlined the signal responsiveness of particular transcription factors in the brain. Indeed, nuclear transcription factors rapidly respond to a variety of extracellular signals carried by neurotransmitters, hormones and autacoids as a third messenger in frequent situations. Moreover, delayed neuronal death could involve mechanisms associated with modulation of de novo synthesis of target proteins by the transcription factor activator protein-1 in particular hippocampal subregions after ischemia. Accordingly, it thus appears that transcription factors may play a critical role in long-lasting consolidation of transient signals through modulation of de novo synthesis of inducible target proteins in the brain.

著者

佐々木 輝美

出版者

日本教育メディア学会

雑誌

放送教育研究 (ISSN:03863204)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.57-71, 1986

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The possible effects of TV violence on regular television viewers have been a critical problem. Study results have supported that there is a positive relation between the amount of violence viewed on TV and viewers' aggressiveness. However, these are cases mostly in America or in Europe and it can possibly be said that, in Japan, there have been no studies to clarify the relation between them. Thus, one of the purposes of this study was to clarify the relation between the amount of violence viewed on TV and viewers' aggressiveness. 473 (249 junior high and 224 senior high school) students were asked to choose up to five programs from among 25 violent programs and to answer 20 questions about their daily violent bahavior. The result indicates that there is a positive relation between them. The second purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the violence viewed on TV and the viewers' degree of desensitization toward violent scenes. The author hypothesized that the more people watch TV violence the more they become used to it and are no longer upset by witnessing violence. Subjects were asked how they would react when they witnessed violent scenes. The result indicates that there is no positive relation between them. However, the data indicate that there is a positive relation only in the case of senior high school students. This may suggest that the more years people are exposed to TV violence the more they become used to it. The third purpose of this study was to verify the effects of different types of programs on viewers' aggressiveness and on the degree of desensitization towards violent scenes. The author referred to Iwao's three categories of violent television programs; random violence, purposive violence and passive violence programs. Subjects were asked what type of program they frequently watch and were categorized into three viewing types; random violence viewing, purposive violence viewing and passive violence viewing types. The relationship between the amount of violence viewed on TV and the degree of desensitization towards violent scenes was analyzed for each viewing type. The result indicates in each case, there is no positive relation between them. The relationship between the amount of violence viewed on TV and viewers' aggressiveness was also analyzed for each viewing type. The result indicates that for each type, there is a positive relation between them and especially in the cases of viewing random violence and passive violence, the relation is stronger than when viewing purposive violence.

著者

山口 悟史 金 多仁

雑誌

研究報告数理モデル化と問題解決(MPS) (ISSN:21888833)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020-MPS-131, no.4, pp.1-6, 2020-12-10

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ダムの放流計画を自動作成するための数理最適化手法「プログレッシブ動的計画法」を提案する.近年の水害の頻発を受け,従来にない放流計画が求められている.ダム放流量を急激に変化させない「放流の原則」を満たしつつ,大雨に先立ってダムの容量を空けておく「事前放流」,下流の河川流量を小さく抑えるために複数のダムからタイミングをずらして放流する「ダム群連携操作」を実現するために,提案手法は離散微分動的計画法を繰り返すことで段階的に解像度を向上させる.これにより提案手法は放流量を高い解像度(1m3/s)で探索する.N 川ダム群を対象にシミュレーション実験を行った結果,現在のダム操作規則では 3 ダムとも緊急放流に至るケースであっても,提案手法では緊急放流を避け,かつ下流河川のピーク流量を 41% 下げる解を見つけた.対象期間 1.5 日の最適化に要した時間は 191 秒であった.提案手法がダムの放流計画の自動作成に有用であると結論する.

著者

山脇 圭吉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

中央獸醫學雑誌 (ISSN:18839088)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.247-269, 1934-04-20 (Released:2008-10-24)

著者

丸山 久美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.212-220, 1969 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

21

著者

岸本 裕一 森川 卓夫 Yuichi Kishimoto Takuo Morikawa

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.3-13, 2009-03-18

著者

大村 拓也

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経コンストラクション (ISSN:09153470)

巻号頁・発行日

no.576, pp.6-9, 2013-09-23

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1966年に鹿児島県内に完成した鶴田ダムで、放流管を3本増設する改造工事が佳境を迎えている。2本の発電管の付け替えも合わせると、重力式コンクリートダムの堤体に開ける穴は5本に及ぶ。 増設する放流管ののみ口は、堤体天端付近の洪水時最高水位の約65m下に…

著者

鈴木 正夫

出版者

関東学院大学[文学部]人文学会

雑誌

関東学院大学文学部紀要 (ISSN:02861216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.1, pp.241-260,

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魯迅は長く日記をつけた。その日記は彼の没後に公刊された。その1929年6月20日の条に、内山完造の招きに応じた会食の場で横山憲三なる人物と同席したとの記述がある。『魯迅日記』の注釈には、この横山は中国杜会情況研究のために上海に居住したことになっている。この注釈は内山完造の教示によるものと思われる。ところがこの横山は、軍の特命を受けて諜報活動のために上海に派遣され、身分を秘匿して共産党の動向などを探っていた憲兵大尉であった。魯迅の周辺には若い共産党員らがいた。内山完造の経営する内山書店には、日中の様々な人士が出入りした。横山は魯迅の人脈を調べ、内山書店を足場とした諜報活動をしなかったろうか。魯迅は横山の正体をついに知ることはなかったと判断される。一方、内山完造は営業のために魯迅の名声を利用し、商取引を通じてにしろ日本軍との個人的パイプをもち、それを利用して中国人を軍から護ったと言いうると考える。

著者

櫻田 一郎 淵野 桂六

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

工業化学雑誌 (ISSN:00232734)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.320-324, 1933-03-05 (Released:2011-09-02)

被引用文献数

3

著者

奥村 直彦 小林 栄治 鈴木 秀昭 両角 岳哉 濱島 紀之 三橋 忠由

出版者

公益社団法人 日本畜産学会

雑誌

日本畜産学会報 (ISSN:1346907X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.8, pp.222-234, 2000

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ブタの品種特異的な塩基配列を明らかにする目的で,2種類の毛色関連遺伝子の多型を調べた.ランドレース,大ヨークシャー,デュロック,バークシャー,ハンプシャー,メイシャン,モンカイ,ニホンイノシシについて,メラニン細胞刺激ホルモンレセプター(MClR)遺伝子の第2膜貫通領域を含む612bpの塩基配列を調べた.また,KIT遺伝子のエクソン16から19にわたる約4Kbpについて,上記の8品種に加えヨーロッパイノシシとユカタンマイクロブタの塩基配列を調べた.MClR遺伝子については測定した品種全体で多型部分が8箇所あり,6種類のハプロタイプが得られた.ハプロタイプの1つはデュロック特異的であった.ランドレース,大ヨークシャー,バークシャー,ハンプシャーは互いに共通の配列を有しており,MClR遺伝子の情報のみではこれらを識別することは不可能であった.メイシャンの配列はモンカイと同じであり他の全ての品種と異なるハプロタイプを持っていた.KIT遺伝子ついては,全品種で62箇所の多型が認められ,11種類の異なったハプロタイプが得られた.KIT遺伝子の17番目のイントロンの最初の塩基は優性白色ブタと有色ブタとで明確に異なっていた.イントロン部分の配列比較の結果,塩基置換の類似性が観察された.すなわち,ニホンイノシシ,メイシャン,モンカイ,バークシャーの配列は類似しており,これらは東洋起源と推察される.ヨーロッパイノシシ,大ヨークシャー,ランドレース,デュロックの一部で配列は類似しており,これらは西洋起源と推察される.また,鹿児島県産の一部のバークシャーの配列はユカタンマイクロブタと類似していた.本研究で対象とした2つの遺伝子には,毛色の異なる品種それぞれに特異的な多型が存在していた.

著者

堀内 啓佑 中江 研

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.776, pp.2233-2243, 2020 (Released:2020-10-30)

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The purpose of this paper is to reveal how discussions on national housing statistical surveys developed and how the results of these discussions were reflected in actual surveys in Japan.  A previous study revealed that national housing statistics in Japan were established by the "Housing survey of industrial cities" and the "Housing survey of larger cities" in 1941. Another study focused on discussions from 1939 to 1941 and revealed how these surveys were conducted.  This current study revealed the following:  (1) Importance of the 1930 national census and related discussions In 1923, the "Housing Problem Council" made up of people from the Department of Social Affairs of the Ministry of Interior, Tokyo City, Tokyo Prefecture, and other organizations was founded. The council set a goal to include a housing survey in the 1930 national census. In 1927, R. Nagaoka, the Director of the Department of Social Affairs and one of the members of the "Housing Problem Council" proposed to the Statistics Bureau of the Cabinet that the census include housing-related items. Between 1927 and 1929, the Statistics Bureau attempted to include several items in the national census. However, due to the lack of funds, only "number of rooms" was considered. In 1928, the "Housing Statistics Committee" was established at the Architectural Institute. In 1930, the committee submitted the "Proposal on housing-related items in the national census." It recommended including more housing・ related items only in cities with a population of 50,000 or more. However, this proposal was also not adopted. Previous studies have not considered the 1930 national census important because "number of rooms" did not provide valid data, given the structure of Japanese housing and the Japanese lifestyle. This current study revealed the importance of the 1930 national census in the process of conducting national housing statistical surveys in Japan because it has led to research and discussions related to methods and items.  (2) Continuity and change of discussions on national housing statistical surveys After the 1930 census, discussions on the national housing statistical surveys started again in 1939. The leading figures who led the 1923-30 discussions were R. Nagaoka, T. Sano, Y. Uchida, and Y. Nakamura. They also played an important role in conducting the "Housing survey of industrial cities" and the "Housing survey of larger cities." This means that the results of the discussions up to 1930 were reflected in the discussions after 1939. On the other hand, during this time, they were changing their policy on national housing statistical surveys. Their goal around 1928 was to obtain housing statistics in all parts of Japan. However, in the process of the execution of the 1930 national census, they learned that it was difficult to conduct it. Therefore, they changed their goal and aimed to conduct a survey that targeted urban housing only. In addition, after the start of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the survey was limited to houses located in "industrial cities" and "larger cities" because solving the housing shortages in these cities was a top priority in carrying out the war. This article revealed that the "Housing survey of industrial cities" and the "Housing survey of larger cities were not conducted based on short・term discussions during the war, but were conducted as a result of long-term discussions and a response to social conditions.

著者

堀内 啓佑 中江 研

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.758, pp.965-975, 2019 (Released:2019-04-30)

被引用文献数

1 1

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The Housing Policy Researching Committee of Dojunkai (HPRCD) researched the housing policies of Western countries from 1939 through 1940. It is important to show the process of its activities and the details of its research because Japanese wartime housing policy was drafted on the basis of the results of its activity. This paper’s originality derives from its focus not only on the HPRCD but also on preceding activity in Dojunkai.  The research division was founded in 1930 and “Research into the building and maintenance of small houses” began in 1934. Activities during the initial period did not focus on housing policy because Dojunkai was established to construct houses for survivors of the Great Kanto Earthquake. However, this improvement in the researching system was an underlying cause in the development of research regarding housing policy in Dojunkai.  “Research into the housing policies of Western countries” began as part of the “Research into the building and maintenance of small houses” in 1937. Research into Dojunkai systematically collected books about housing policies through embassies and translated them. By this time, S. Inui (Chief of the research division) was insisting that emergency measures should be drafted to deal with wartime conditions and that permanent measures should be drafted to establish the housing policies looking toward the postwar period. This was reflected in subsequent research.  In 1939, officials from the Department of Social Affairs of the Ministry of Health and Welfare started to draft measures to solve housing problems. The HPRCD was established in Dojunkai because the government did not have an organization capable of researching precedents in Western countries. Y. Kato, an official from the Department of Social Affairs, tried to draft a Rent Control Ordinance. He used the report from the HPRCD as a reference.At the end of 1939, the Division of Housing was established in the Department of Social Affairs to form a comprehensive housing policy. The HPRCD researched and drafted the Housing Act to realize it. In this way, the HPRCD contributed to legislation regarding housing in wartime.

著者

堀内 啓佑 中江 研

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.746, pp.763-773, 2018 (Released:2018-04-30)

被引用文献数

2

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Japanese city fell into the housing shortage, which was caused by intensification of war during WWII. To deal with this situation, Division of Housing in Ministry of Health and Welfare held HMC (Housing Measures Committee) and drafted “The report of HMC”. Researches of the past pointed out its aspect of housing supply measures. On the other hand, HPRCD (Housing Policy Researching Committee of Dojunkai) tried to draft the Housing Act at the same time. It was drafted by four sections in HASRS (“Housing Act” Special Researcher Society), the research group of HPRCD that have researching themes as follows: Section 1 (Housing census), Section 2 (Housing standardization), Section 3 (Housing supervision) and Section 4 (Housing supply). This paper shows a process of formulation of “the report of HMC” and its significance in the history of Japanese housing policy by associating activity of HPRCD with “the report of HMC”. We reveal facts as follows; Officials of Division of Housing tried to hold Housing Policy Committee to establish housing policy that modelled after Western countries. They also took part in activities of HPRCD and intended to enact Housing Act as uniform law about housing. However, they could not hold Housing Policy Committee because of intensification of war. Actually, they had to follow political line that contributes to production expansion and solve housing shortage in areas of munitions factories and urban cities the highest priority. Given this situation, they decided to hold HMC and incorporate ideas gotten thorough research of HPRCD with “the report of HMC” “The report of HMC” was composed of as follows; (1) “Guideline to found Rented House Owner Association (tentative)” (2) “Guideline of special measures of housing supply” (3) “Guideline to found Housing Corporation (tentative)” (4) “Guideline of housing census” (5) “Several methods needed for carrying out housing measures”. The measures of (1), (2), (3) and (5) were drafted based on evaluation that was shown from the research by Section 4 of HASRS. Especially, establishment of Housing Corporation was discussed first of all at HMC because it was considered as most effective way by Section 4. Moreover, matters had been researched by Section 1 was strongly reflected on (4). Section 2 and Section 3 couldn't incorporate their ideas into “the report of HMC” because the measures concerning housing standardization and supervision did not directly contribute to solving housing shortage. However, they made effort to realize their ideas during HMC. “The report of HMC” played important role in proposing housing supply measures at WW II such as the Housing Corporation Act. Moreover, this paper shows its significance that it was product of compromise of activity of drafting Housing Act. Therefore it partially included ideas gotten thorough comprehensive research about housing policy.

著者

尾﨑 勇 神成 一哉 馬場 正之

出版者

青森県立保健大学雑誌編集委員会

雑誌

青森県立保健大学雑誌 (ISSN:13493272)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.31-36, 2016-03

著者

水野 信二郎 本地 弘之

出版者

社団法人 日本流体力学会

雑誌

日本流体力学会誌「ながれ」 (ISSN:02863154)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.5-18, 1990-03-30 (Released:2011-03-07)

参考文献数

31

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This report provides a brief overview of ocean currents and their measurements. In particular, some results are reported of recent moored and acoustic measurements of the Kuroshio.