著者
水内 俊雄
出版者
人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.5, pp.385-409, 1982
被引用文献数
2 5

The object of this paper is to clarify how the residential areas in large Japanese city, Osaka, developed their own distinctive characteristics in the course of industrialisation. The study covers the modern period from the Meiji Restoration (1860's) to the beginning of the Showa Era (late 1920's to 1930's). The built-up area in this period exactly corresponds to the present-day inner city area. This paper also examines how and why the problems relating to the present inner city such as economic decline, physical decay and social disadvantage appeared in the industrialisation process since the Meiji Era. The author holds the following viewpoints: First, most of the emerging factory workers are assumed to be members of lower class society. Secondly, the poorer areas, which later became the inner city area, were created through the inflows of above mentioned factory workers in the course of industrialisation. Therefore the formation of lower class residential areas provides the key factor for the study of inner city problems in Osaka. Study of the labor market are used in clarifying social and living conditions of factory workers in the course of industrialisation. So the author deals with the changing process of labor markets as the analytical tool and focuses on the level of laborers' daily lives. The inadequacies of the existing Anglo-Saxon models to the areal structure of the Japanese city are pointed out, since the Japanese urban residential expansion can only be understood by taking into consideration the peculiar characteristics of the Japanese modernisation process.The results obtained are as follows: The expansion of residential areas up to the beginning of World War I characterised mainly by the outward extension of the lower class residential areas that included most of the laborers working in the cotton textile industries, heavy industry and the miscellaneous industries. The labor markets in each industry were organised differently in this development. These laborers, however, all belonged to the essentially the same class, with no appreciable income or living standard differences among industries. The organisation of residential structure consistently reflected the periphery-lower class structure proposed by Sjoberg. After World War I, the following two new factors emerged: The first is the rapid increase of white collar office workers. The second is that of a growing distinction in standard of living as well as income among members of the former lower class society, i.e., between large heavy industry workers and other factory workers. These new two factors contributed to the transformation of residential structure independently of the existing structure. The most important development was the creation of new residential areas. In this stage three types of residential area were clearly observed. The first and dominant were lower class residential areas which surrounded the city center and extended outward, building up sparse areas among some flophouse districts even at this time. This area was also characterised by the progress of the slum clearance, appearance of Korean residential districts and real advent of social policies. The second type of residential area was that of the better-off factory workers, which was formed adjacent to the factories' sites. However, this type of residential area was distributed sporadically within the first type of residential area. Between them, there were found no appreciable distinctions of housing and living conditions. The third type was white collar office workers' residential areas, which were created beyond the lower class ones and restricted to the upland lying to the south-east of Osaka City. These areas were created independently of periphery-lower class structure, which had been the most dominant or sole areal differentiation up to this time.
著者
鄭 東 田中 三郎 宮崎 康次 高尻 雅之
出版者
一般社団法人日本機械学会
雑誌
マイクロ・ナノ工学シンポジウム
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2013, no.5, pp.63-64, 2013-11-04

We investigated strain and grain size effects on the thermal transport of nanocrystalline bismuth antimony telluride thin films using both experimental studies and modeling. The fabricated thin films exhibited the average grain sizes of 30 < d < 100 nm, and the strain of-0.8% < ε < -1.4% in the c-axis direction whereas that of a-b-axis direction was constant at 1.7%. The thermal conductivities were measured using a 3ω method at room temperature. We calculated the lattice thermal conductivity using a simplified phonon transport model that accounts for the strain effect based on Christoffel equation and Lennard-Jones potential, and the grain size effect based on the full distribution of mean free paths. The theoretical calculation was largely in good agreement with our experimental results, and the detailed results will be discussed in the Symposium.
著者
加藤 友香里 寺田 久屋
出版者
[日本食品衛生学会]
雑誌
食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.3, pp.162-166, 2014
被引用文献数
4

超高速液体クロマトグラフ–タンデム型質量分析法を用いたキャッサバ製品およびシアン化合物を含有した豆類中のリナマリンの迅速で簡便な定量法を開発した.リナマリンをアセトニトリル–水(3 : 1)で抽出後,アミノ固相抽出カラムで精製し,超高速液体クロマトグラフ–タンデム型質量分析計により定量した.キャッサバに,リナマリンを10 μg/gおよび100 μg/g添加したところ,回収率は96.1%(RSD: 2.6%)および95.3%(RSD: 1.4%)であった.また,タピオカにリナマリンを1 μg/g,10 μg/gおよび100 μg/g添加したところ,回収率は81.1%(RSD: 3.3%),91.9%(RSD: 5.4%)および97.1%(RSD: 2.1%)であった.本法を適用してキャッサバ14検体,タピオカ9検体およびシアン豆4検体について実態調査を行ったところ,キャッサバは11検体から0.1~245 μg/g,タピオカは5検体から0.1~0.5 μg/g,シアン豆は全検体から4,950~5,590 μg/gのリナマリンが検出された.本法による定量下限値は0.1 μg/g,検出限界値は0.03 μg/gであった.
著者
宮川 泰夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
地理学評論 Ser. A (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.5, pp.351-361, 1998-05-01 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
28

中部圏開発整備の課題について,地域計画の理念と計画地域の領域との両面から考察した.中央日本,中部圏,中京という計画地域の概念は戦時体制下での地域計画成熟していたが,計画地域として明示されるに至ったのはいずれも高度経済成長期の1960年代である.しかしその後は国土庁大都市圏局や東海旅客鉄道のような中央日本を管理領域とする官民の地域計画主体が誕生しても,1960年代のような三者の関連についての議論は深あられていない.中央日本の要となる計画領域としての中京が中部圏において明瞭に位置付けられ,中京の役割を内外のクロスロードとして明示することが,構造的に中部圏開発整備の一つの課題となってきた.地域計画理念の上では,地域からの発想と地域主体による自主的な工業振興計画が継承されてきている.これに加えて,地域が培ってきた地域住民の生活と地域環境の改善とを重視し,地球の環境と人類の厚生に配慮して,地域自らが自律的に内外の地域と連携してそれらを実現する計画の立案が,中部圏開発整備において今求められてきている.
著者
白石 孝
出版者
慶應義塾大学
雑誌
三田商学研究 (ISSN:0544571X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.4, pp.1-18, 1997-10-25

本稿は現在の日本橋堀留町1丁目に昭和7年まであった「新乗物町」の歴史的素描である。明治になり人形町通りの背景が大きく変り,新しい洋反物を中心とした織物問屋が台頭して,周辺は急速に織物問屋街化が進む。その中でこの新乗物町という人形町通りに面した小さな町が,どのように変貌をとげてゆくかをみようとしたものである。これはこの数年の間に発表した日本橋界隈の問屋と街に関する著書・論文を更に発展させようと集めた資料の分析の覚書をもとにしたものである。最後に,新乗物町は,織物問屋街の一割に形成された下町の「町内社会」の典型だったと結ぶ。これこそ近著「日本橋界隈の問屋と街」の1つのテーマだったかも知れない。
著者
堀川 一男
出版者
社団法人日本鉄鋼協会
雑誌
鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.7, pp.705-715, 1953-07-25

As a high-tensile steel sheet for ship-building a Mn bearing low alloy steel like DS was hitherto used, but since electric arc welding became widely applied for the purpose of saving weight and labor, high tensile steel of superior weldability has been in demand. This study was made by the Japanese Navy technical staffs during the World War II. Eleven kinds of steel regarded as being suitable for welding were selected with reference to the Japanese and foreign technical literatures. Thirteen kinds of steel in all including DS and HT selected for comparison with these steels were melted with a high frequency furnace and then rolled into sheets of 12mm width. The mechanical properties, weldability and strength of butt-welded joint of these experimentally manufactured steel sheets were tested. As a result of tests, it was confirmed that DS and HT hitherto used had quite inferior weldability, while Si-Mn steel showed the most excellent properties. In view of the test results and from the standpoint of mass production and domestic natural resources, the standard of the components of steel experimetally manufactured by an O.H. furnace was determined as follows : C 0.15&acd;0.20%, Si 0.3&acd;0.7% and Mn 0.9&acd;1.2%. Eight charges were melted, poured into 6&acd;18t ingots and rolled into 12&acd;22 mm wide sheets in the Kure Naval Arsenal and Yawata Iron Works. Several types were performed on these experimentally manufactured sheets, and they showed generally satisfactory results. Mechanical properties of these sheets were as follows : Yield point 32&acd;43 kg/mm^2, tensile strength 52&acd;60 kg/mm^2, elongation 23&acd;32% (G.L.=200 mm) Trial use of these sheets for construction of submarines with an application of welding showed excellent results without causing any defects.

2 0 0 0 OA 支那事変実記

出版者
読売新聞社編輯局
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第4輯 大東亞戰史 〓編, 1942
著者
李 〓遠 川原 晋
出版者
公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会
雑誌
都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.1166-1172, 2015-10-25 (Released:2015-11-05)
参考文献数
24

本研究は「共有」という概念を通じて都市の共同体の回復と雇用創出等の解決に取り組むソウル市の「共有政策」を対象とし、その政策の全体像を把握した上で、 「ソウル共有企業」へのアンケート調査から政策の有効性を評価することと、共有空間における行政からの支援の成果を明らかにすることを目的とする。結果として、まず、行政がソウル共有企業の認定および支援金の付与、そしてソウル共有企業の情報を市民に広報することで、ソウル共有企業やその活動に対しての市民からの信頼を生み出していることが分かった。また、柔軟な法制度の改正も共有活動を円滑にすすめる上で重要であることが明らかとなった。次に、共有空間に着目すると、共有空間認定型、共有企業認定型、共有空間整備型、自治区支援型の4通りの支援方法を通して、 共有概念を理解した市民によって積極的に利用されている。協力体制がよく構築されている共有空間委託型に関わる企業へのインタビューからは、今後この支援を受けた共有空間が若者たちの雇用創出や共同体意識の醸成に寄与するようなコミュニティ活動の拠点となることへの期待が高まっていることが確認された。
著者
河野 建夫 榊原 徳造
出版者
日本養豚学会
雑誌
日本養豚学会誌 (ISSN:0913882X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.18-24, 1998-03-10 (Released:2011-06-08)
参考文献数
22

ランドレースと大ヨークシャーの一代雑種雌豚165頭を用い, 肉豚と同様の飼養管理下における性成熟の到達状況を調査した。同時に, 到達以前と以後で生殖器の大きさがどのように異なるかを検討した。供試豚は体重25kg前後からと殺時まで, 一部すのこ状コンクリート床の肥育用豚舎で6~10頭群飼し (飼育密度約1m2/頭), 旧豚産肉能力検定用飼料 (可消化養分総量70.1%, 可消化粗蛋白12.7%) を不断給餌した。性成熟に到達した雌豚の割合は, 体重82~137kg, 日齢152~260日の範囲で全体の20%であった。それらの生殖器は, 総重量のほか, 各部位 (卵巣, 卵管, 子宮角, 子宮体, 子宮頸および膣) の重量あるいは長さでも性成熟前の豚を大きく上回った (膣長のみP<0.05, 他はいずれもP<0.01)。性成熟前の豚では, 生殖器総重量は日齢の進んだほど大きく (P<0.01), 性成熟後の豚では日齢のいかんにかかわらず体重が重いほど大きい (P<0.05) 傾向たあった。
著者
竹谷 裕平 髙津 哲也 山中 智之 柴田 泰宙 中屋 光裕
出版者
公益社団法人 日本水産学会
雑誌
日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.16-00041, (Released:2016-11-25)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
2

青森県周辺海域におけるキアンコウの背鰭第一棘による年齢査定法を検証した。背鰭第一棘の付け根付近の横断面をエッチング処理した後,メチレンブルーで染色し,実体顕微鏡下で落射光と透過光の両者による比較観察した結果,不透明帯数の読み取り精度が向上した。同横断面には,1年に2本の不透明帯(主に6月と11-12月)が形成されていた。背鰭第一棘による年齢査定は脊椎骨によるものよりも読み取り誤差が小さく,標識放流魚の成長追跡結果と類似したことから,優れた年齢査定法と判定した。
著者
田端 節子
出版者
[日本食品衛生学会]
雑誌
食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.3, pp.129-138, 2012-06 (Released:2013-10-08)
著者
岡部 広治
出版者
JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
no.57, pp.23-41,L1, 1977

The Cuban Revolution had progressed from the democratic phase to the socialist without interruption, soon after its triumph over the Batista dictatorship backed by the U. S. imperialism in 1959.<br>The problem on which we should like shed light in this paper is: Why could Fidel Castro lead such a revolution as a passionate <i>non-communist</i> revolutionary, in spite of the fact that the Popular Socialist Party (the Communist Party in Cuba) had been relatively strong in Latin America? We could find a principal reason for it in his basic thoughts and activities as their realization.<br>In the first place, he has always emphasized the role of the <i>popular masses</i> in the revolutionary process. Even in formulating the armed struggle as the principal way to the revolution, as in the Moncada attack and the guerrilla warfare in Sierra Maestra, he had striven to develop the revolutionary consciousness of the people. The idea that the people make history has been running as a constant current in his mind.<br>Secondly, he has persistently pursed for the formation of the <i>united front</i> against the Batista dictatorship and the U. S. imperialism. It is true that the 26th of July Movement led by him could not reach to the agreement of common struggle with the Popular Socialist Party until immediately after the victory of the revolution, but it was because of the profound anti-communism, the main obstacle to the united front, of the other bourgeois opposition party leaders, who had signed the "Pact of Caracas" with the Movement. Fidel has never had any animosity against the communism, having read and learnt the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin since his university years, though he had had some "prejudices" against the Communists. Hence, his constant presence in the revolutionary leadership.<br>Thirdly and finally, he has consistently looked for the <i>democracy</i>, not only in the political aspect, as did the bourgeois opposition political leaders, but also in the economic and social, that is, in the true sense. Thanks to his profound conception of democracy, he could naturally and spontaneously transform himself from the simple democrat into the assiduous socialist. And he could add some particular hues to the Cuban socialism, with the democratic emphasis.
著者
黒田 長禮
出版者
社団法人日本動物学会
雑誌
動物学雑誌 (ISSN:00445118)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.385, pp.351-353, 1920-12-30