著者
徳村 朋子 高橋 祐樹 桑山 絹子 和田 一樹 黒木 友裕 高橋 幹雄 秋山 幸穂 高橋 秀介 篠田 純 中川 純 田辺 新一
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.783, pp.441-450, 2021-05-30 (Released:2021-05-30)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
6

As a measure to prevent the spread of COVID-19, telecommuting has been recommended by many companies since March 2020 in Japan. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic is over, the telecommuting implementation rate, including working from home, may continue to increase.The purpose of this study is to clarify the impact of working from home on the individual satisfaction and productivity of workers in companies that introduced the telecommuting system from April 2020 as a countermeasure against COVID-19.Questionnaire surveys of workers who normally work at an activity-based working office were conducted in order to compare the effects of working from home and at the office. The survey targets were workers of a research and development institute located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Approximately 210 employees work in the facility, of which 85% are researchers and 15% are in clerical positions. In this study, the results of three questionnaire surveys are described. We conducted a survey of “conventional office work period” in February 2020, a survey of “recommended work from home period” in April 2020, and a survey of “combined work from home and at the office period” in July 2020 where workers could choose to go to work or work from home.From the survey results, it was found that the working environment at home had large individual differences, and the illuminance and CO2 concentration levels often deviated from the standards of the “Ordinance on Health Standards in the Office”. Despite the environment with large differences, the satisfaction level of the thermal environment, air quality and sound was significantly higher at home. It was also found that when working from home, self-efficacy regarding control of the indoor environment increases. This is considered to be one of the reasons for the increase in satisfaction of environmental qualities at home.As an advantage of working from home, most office workers chose “reduction of coronavirus infection risk”. Next, more than half of the respondents chose “having no commuting stress” and “having a reduced dress code” as advantages. On the other hand, “lack of face-to-face communication” became the highest disadvantage of working from home. The degree of satisfaction with interpersonal communication was significantly lower at home than at work. In particular, the decrease in the satisfaction of informal communication was large.Compared to the period when workers could only work at the office or at home, the period with relative freedom to choose between both options showed a great increase in the satisfaction with the work environment and a decrease in the difficulty of performing office activities.In addition, a high correlation was found between the frequency of working from home and commuting time. Workers with longer commuting hours tended to work at home more frequently. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the higher the frequency of working from home, the higher the degree of satisfaction with the working environment at home.The most common response to the ideal rate of working from home was two times a week, but the actual rate was only 25% in the survey conducted in July. It is presumed that there were many situations in which employees chose to come to the office in order to proceed with their work duties more efficiently.
著者
音楽之友社編
出版者
音楽之友社
巻号頁・発行日
1979
著者
新垣 大地 及川 卓郎
出版者
日本暖地畜産学会
雑誌
日本暖地畜産学会報 (ISSN:2185081X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.1, pp.5-12, 2021

<p>沖縄県黒毛和種は,暑熱ストレスに対する順化により空胎期間(DO)を減少させるという仮説を検証するため,体感温度順化の効果について検討した.沖縄県内で2008年から2016年に分娩した雌牛の記録からDOを抽出した.分娩後のDOは21d以下を除き,22dから50dを50d,250d以上を250dと設定した.対象地域は沖縄島地域と八重山地域とし,温湿度指数(THI)を参考に暑熱期を上昇期と下降期に,その他の時期を熱的中立期に分けて分析した.下降期のDOを暑熱ストレスに順化済みの反応と仮定し,この時期と上昇期の未順化時期を比較した.線形モデル分析では,2乗平均平方根誤差(RMSE)を用い上昇期のDO推定値の誤差が最小となるTHI補正値を算出した.その結果,上昇期に該当するTHIで+7程度の補正値が得られ,上昇期は下降期よりTHI +7だけ温度未順化によるストレス反応がDOにおいて示された.本研究の結果,暑熱ストレス発生時期のうち,特に上昇期に注目した研究調査がDOの改善に有効であることが示された.</p>
著者
上原 匡人 太田 格 海老沢 明彦 立原 一憲
出版者
一般社団法人 日本魚類学会
雑誌
魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)
巻号頁・発行日
2021

<p>Two closely related, commercially important threadfin breams, <i>Nemipterus furcosus</i> and <i>N. peronii</i>, are an essential coastal fishery resource in Okinawa Prefecture. The age, growth, reproductive cycle, and stomach contents from 124 <i>N. furcosus</i> and 37 <i>N. peronii</i>, obtained from November 2011 to December 2015, were examined, age being assessed from sectioned otoliths and gonadal histology. <i>Nemipterus furcosus</i> and <i>N. peronii</i> were the most abundant threadfin breams in Kin Bay and Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa Island, areas including many coastal tidal flats, where the two species comprised 98.1% of the total number of <i>Nemipterus</i> individuals examined. Overall sex ratios of both species were significantly sex-biased, the apparent lack of transitional gonads implying functional gonochorism. The spawning seasons of both species were estimated as occurring between spring and fall, no immature fishes having been obtained. Age validation using edge-type analyses implied that opaque zones were formed once per year, being valid annual growth increments. Although no intersex differences in maximum length, growth equation, and age range were observed in <i>N. furcosus</i>, <i>N. peronii</i> females were larger and older than males. The greatest ages observed were 4.3 and 7.0 years for <i>N. furcosus</i> and <i>N. peronii</i>, respectively. Both species fed predominantly on crabs, which primarily occupied the inner bays. Over the previous 27 years, the catch per unit effort of <i>Nemipterus</i> has declined in the highly altered environments of Kin and Nakagusuku Bays, suggesting that the decline in the populations of these species at Okinawa Island may be due to coastal fishery practices, environmental decline, and the degradation of suitable habitats. The biological implications for conservation are discussed.</p>
著者
町 雅史 萩原 礼紀 唐牛 大吾
出版者
社団法人 日本理学療法士協会関東甲信越ブロック協議会
雑誌
関東甲信越ブロック理学療法士学会 (ISSN:09169946)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, pp.17, 2008

【はじめに】超高齢社会となった本邦は、変形性膝関節症(以下膝OA)の患者も増加する傾向にあり、その治療法の一つとして人工膝関節全置換術(以下TKA)が選択され件数が増加している。当院整形外科のTKAの手術件数は3000関節を超えているが、90歳以上の手術患者は比較的稀である。本症例は心疾患や腎不全を合併した超高齢であったが、両側同時人工膝単顆置換術(以下Bil UKA)を施行し、その後順調に経過し22病日で自宅退院となった一症例を経験したので、ここに報告する。<BR>【症例紹介】症例:93歳女性、身長143cm、体重41kg、BMI 20 診断名:両側膝OA 主訴:両側の膝関節痛、歩行困難、ADL動作困難 既往歴:白内障、慢性腎不全(Stage2)、大動脈弁狭窄症(中等症) 現病歴:昭和63年頃より特に誘引なく両側膝痛が出現、近医にて保存的加療。平成19年9月14日の入院時に、術前検査にて大動脈弁狭窄、慢性腎不全を認め手術延期となり一時退院した。同年11月14日に再入院し、同月21日にBil UKAを施行した。 手術情報:セメントUKA、使用機種はOxford Phase3(BIOMET社製)、アプローチ方法は皮切5cmの内側最小侵襲(以下内側MIS)、手術時間は2時間45分、出血量は術中20cc、術後100ccであった。<BR>【理学療法評価(術前/退院時)】ROM‐t:膝関節屈曲右130°/130°左130°/120°、伸展右-10°/0°、左-15°/-5° MMT:膝関節屈曲右4/4左4/4、伸展右3/3左3/3 疼痛:両側内側裂隙の動作時痛両側ともNRS5/0、創部痛NRS右10/1左10/1 10m歩行テスト:平均時間13.8秒/13.6秒、歩数21歩/22歩 ADL(BIにて):90点/100点 OA grade:右4左4 FTA:右188°/175°、左188°/175° JOA:右65/85点、左65/85点<BR>【経過及び治療プログラム】術前にオリエンテーション、初期評価、動作指導を行った。3病日より車椅子乗車、関節可動域訓練を行い、5病日より訓練室にて関節可動域訓練、筋力増強訓練、平行棒内立位・歩行練習を開始した。6病日にサークル歩行を開始し、9病日にT字杖歩行を開始した。10病日より階段昇降を開始した。19病日にノロウィルス疑いのため一時中止、その後床上動作・ADL指導を経て、22病日に自宅退院となった。治療法は当科TKA術後プロトコルを用いた。40分2単位を20回実施した。<BR>【考察】本症例は93歳という超高齢において、他のTKA患者と遜色無く22病日という期間で後療法を順調に進めることが出来た。それは当科プロトコルに基づき後療法を進め、患者自身にもセルフケアの励行を徹底し疼痛コントロールを良好に出来た事が成因であると推察された。本症例の治療経験から、厳重なリスク管理の下に適切な運動負荷をかけ、他職種との連絡を密にし、術後早期に疼痛自制内で可及的に歩行訓練を行い、活動量を維持向上させることが重要であると考察された。今後も更なる症例集積と検討が必要であると思われる。
著者
大島 デイヴィッド 義和
出版者
名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科
雑誌
国際開発研究フォーラム (ISSN:13413732)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, pp.47-63, 2013-03

It has been acknowledged in the literature that the interpretation of discourse particles (sentencefinal particles) in Japanese is largely affected by intonation. There is much room for investigation, however, as to how exactly the discourse particles and intonation interact. In this work, I demonstrate that four types of contours ― insisting rise, question rise, flat, and rise-fall ― have to be distinguished for the purpose of analyzing the functions of discourse particles, and examine the functions of the two paradigmatic discourse particles yo and ne as accompanied by different contours. Yo can be accompanied by the question-rise, flat, or rise-fall contour. Yo with the question-rise contour has two distinct functions, and yo with the flat contour has four. Yo with the rise-fall contour has similar functions as yo with the flat contour, but additionally conveys an emotive and childish tone. Ne can be accompanied by any of the four contours. Ne with the insisting-rise contour has three distinct functions, and ne with the questionrise contour has two. Ne with the flat or rise-fall contour has similar functions as ne accompanied by the insisting-rise contour, but additionally conveys an emotive (but not necessarily childish) tone.
著者
佐々木 銀河 青木 真純 五味 洋一 野呂 文行
出版者
障害科学学会
雑誌
障害科学研究 (ISSN:18815812)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.1, pp.221-230, 2017-03-31 (Released:2017-10-06)
参考文献数
12

本研究では、自閉スペクトラム症のある大学生1 名に対して行動契約法を導入し、学生による自主学習が促進されるかを検討した。初回来談時のアセスメントの結果をもとに支援計画を立案した。まず、自主学習時において取り組む問題数を設定する目標設定を行った。その後、目標を書面化し、対応する強化子の提供等を明記した行動契約法を導入した。行動契約法の後で、再び目標設定のみによる自主学習の促進効果を評価した。その結果、目標設定のみでは自主学習は促進せず、行動契約法によって自主学習が促進されることが示された。この結果について、行動契約法で設定される強化子の設定・管理および障害学生支援としての意義について検討した。
著者
石田 恵子 山本 征輝 三沢 憲佑 西村 瞳 三澤 幸一 山本 尚基 太田 宣康
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬理学会
雑誌
日本薬理学会年会要旨集 第94回日本薬理学会年会 (ISSN:24354953)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1-O-C3-3, 2021 (Released:2021-03-21)

Epidemiological studies have revealed that habitual coffee consumption may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Coffee includes many phenolic compounds (coffee polyphenols) such as chlorogenic acids. However, the contribution of chlorogenic acids to the prevention of cognitive dysfunction induced by Alzheimer’s disease remains obscure. In this study, we investigated the effect of chlorogenic acids on cognitive function in APP/PS2 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Five-week-old APP/PS2 mice were administered a diet supplemented with coffee polyphenols daily for 5 months. The memory and cognitive function of mice was examined using the novel object recognition test, Morris water maze test, and the step-through passive avoidance test. Chronic treatment with coffee polyphenols prevented cognitive dysfunction and significantly reduced the amount of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Moreover, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), one of the primary coffee polyphenols, did not inhibit Aβ fibrillation; however, degraded Aβ fibrils. Computational docking simulation predicted that 5-CQA interacted with specific amino acid residues in Aβ protofilament.  In conclusion, our results demonstrate that coffee polyphenols prevent cognitive dysfunction and reduce Aβ plaque deposition via disaggregation of Aβ in the APP/PS2 mouse.
著者
向後 千春
出版者
一般社団法人 CIEC
雑誌
コンピュータ&エデュケーション (ISSN:21862168)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.48-53, 2000-12-01 (Released:2015-02-03)

富山大学で行われている教養科目のひとつ、「言語表現」について報告する。言語表現が開設されるまでの背景と必要性、現在までの実施状況を記述し、さらにその問題点について議論する。言語表現が情報処理科目との選択になっていることは、大学生のリテラシー教育として不十分であり、それを解決するために、言語表現と情報処理を統合し、電子時代のリテラシー教育として再編成することを提案する。また、実施上の工夫として、モジュール化された3回程度の授業を多数開講し、その中から学生が自分に必要なものを選んで履修していくという方法を提案する。
著者
Kozue YUGE Miho ITOU Yoshisuke NAKANO Masaharu KURODA Tomokazu HARAGUCHI
出版者
The Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan
雑誌
農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.5, pp.717-720, 2005 (Released:2016-12-30)
参考文献数
3
被引用文献数
3 4

The solar radiation incident on the soil surface below a plant canopy varies temporally and spatially, because the shadow of the canopy intercepts the light. The complicated solar radiation environment, brought by the plant shadow, affects the surrounding environment, including the soil moisture, soil temperature, energy balance on the soil surface, and so on. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an isolated plant on the surrounding environment. To clarify the complicated solar radiation environment on the soil surface, the shadow tracks of the isolated plant are described using the geometry of plant structure and sun locations. The soil surface temperature was measured instantaneously using an infrared thermal imaging camera to evaluate the effect of the spatial distribution of the solar radiation on the thermal environment. Observation results indicated that the spatial distribution of the soil surface temperature is generated by the shadow of the isolated plant. To evaluate the shadow effect on the soil moisture and temperature, a numerical model for soil moisture and heat transfer was introduced. The simulation result indicated that soil moisture and temperature change spatially and temporally, affected by the complicated solar radiation environment. The daily soil surface evaporation was quantified using the numerical model. The results indicate that the soil surface evaporation changed spatially because of the irradiance distribution generated by the plant shadow.