著者
浦山 久嗣 戸ヶ崎 正男 鳥谷部 創治 石原 克己
出版者
社団法人 全日本鍼灸学会
雑誌
全日本鍼灸学会雑誌 (ISSN:02859955)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.4, pp.392-410, 2011 (Released:2012-02-06)
参考文献数
47

1997年版の『厚生白書』では、未病という言語を「疾病の予防管理」という意味で記されている。一方中国では、2006年「治未病」政策5カ年計画、2008年「治未病」プロジェクトにおいて、生活習慣病改善と医療費削減のため、 方針は予防・養生・保健重視へと質的に変わった。 「治未病」 につて、『素問』『霊枢』では予防・養生及び疾病の発病段階での初期・早期治療の意味で記され、 『難経』『金匱要略』では疾病の変化を予測し、病の伝変防止の意味で記され、一貫堂医学などでは体質改善の意味で記されている。 今回のシンポジウムで私は、被災地ボランティア活動報告及び、 マクロ的視点から医学・医療の現況 (現代と健康問題)、「健康・病・自己治癒力の関係」「治未病」 「道・命の世界」、中国の「治未病」政策に触れた。シンポジストには「治未病」の史的究明、日本における「治未病」と「未病治」といった用語の問題及び「治未病」の臨床実践として、自己治癒力と全体治療をベースにした上での養生法の一部、 初期治療、 病の伝変防止、 体質改善への取り組み、 「人迎気口診」と「脈状と病態」から初期治療の成果を述べていただいた。 これからの鍼灸界・人類一人一人の命の質、健康、幸福、医療経済などを考えた時、今回の「治未病」のシンポジウムの内容が医療・医学会並びに医療従事者、病む人など一人一人に大きな示唆を与えることが出来れば幸甚である。
著者
Narihiro Orikasa Masataka Murakami Takuya Tajiri Yuji Zaizen Taro Shinoda
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020-032, (Released:2020-08-28)
被引用文献数
2

Aircraft observations were conducted over the eastern mountainous areas of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in September 2017 to characterize the microphysical properties of diurnal convective clouds. Aerosol particle and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements indicate that the air mass had a continental nature, resulting in high cloud droplet concentrations of 600-800 cm−3. Two case studies were undertaken to obtain the vertical profiles of hydrometeors up to the cloud top. The ice particle number concentrations in the updraft core were a few particles L−1, which is similar to the primary ice nucleating particle (INP) number concentrations estimated from immersion freezing of high concentration dust particles in the convectively mixed boundary layer. The ice particle number concentrations were several tens of particles L−1 outside the updraft core in the upper levels. INP measurements and the observed cloud microphysical structure suggest that drizzles, frozen via the immersion freezing nucleation of dust particles, formed graupel embryos and ice particles, with concentrations of one to two orders of magnitude greater than those of the primary INPs, which may be generated via secondary ice production and/or ice particle accumulation from primary ice nucleation in clouds with relatively warm cloud top temperatures (approximately −12°C).
著者
佐藤 慧拓 窪田 佳寛 望月 修
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.833, pp.15-00386, 2016 (Released:2016-01-25)
参考文献数
11

Many features of organisms have the possibility that can be applied to the infrastructure and network system for the communication. From the previous studies, the network system of the venation is known as the strong network on the damage. This relates the structure of leaf vein. In this study, we are focusing on the network of leaf vein to understand the strong network system. First, we study the network structure to know the relation between damage on leaf and the strong network. Then, the influence of damage on leaf vein for the water absorption on the leaf was studied with the dye flow visualization. The result shows that the network type of vein on real leaf is the mesh type network. The mesh type network has the benefit to make a bypath when the vein has the damage. The result of dye flow visualization shows that the real leaf requires the single vein to make a bypath for damage region. The increasing of area on water absorbed relates the distance of water absorption. This means that number of vein is not dominant for the speed of water absorption. Therefore, the network of leaf vein has a high robustness from the damage of vein by the mesh type network.
著者
石川 千穂
出版者
The Kantoh Sociological Society
雑誌
年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2014, no.27, pp.13-24, 2014-09-10 (Released:2015-09-01)
参考文献数
15

Symbolically expressed by the concept of flat culture, it has been a long time since the distinction between high culture/popular culture and the definition of youth culture or the youth themselves became blurred. This paper traces the process of identity formation of rock culture and “the youth” as rock listeners in Japan by clarifying the transition in narratives tracing a distinction between the inner and the outer in each Japanese rock magazine. By so doing, the paper demonstrates that the difficulty counter cultures face today is mainly derived from the difficulty in imagining the mass of the population as a unified community.
著者
棟居 洋介 増井 利彦
出版者
社団法人 環境科学会
雑誌
環境科学会誌 (ISSN:09150048)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.3, pp.167-183, 2012 (Released:2013-06-11)
参考文献数
27

地球温暖化対策や循環型社会の構築を目的として,石油化学プラスチックを植物由来のバイオマスプラスチックへ代替していく動きが始まっているが,バイオマスプラスチックの主原料はトウモロコシやサトウキビなどの食用作物であり,その普及は途上国の食料不安を増大させる可能性がある。そこで,本研究では国際応用システム分析研究所(IIASA)の修正SRESシナリオにもとづいて,2050年までのバイオマスプラスチックの普及と原料作物需要の関係を分析し,途上国の食料不安に及ぼす影響の評価を行った。バイオマスプラスチックの普及率はBREWプロジェクトの予測から想定し,原料作物についてはサトウキビおよびトウモロコシの実,葉茎を想定した。本研究から以下のことが明らかになった。1)世界全体のプラスチック需要量は,2009年には2億3,000万トンであったが,2050年にはA2r,B1,B2の3つのシナリオで,各々8億3,100万トン,12億1,100万トン,10億7,000万トンまで増加する。需要の増加のほぼ全てはアジアを中心とする途上国で起きる。2)バイオマスプラスチックの普及率が2050年に8%から62%に達すると想定すると,原料としてトウモロコシが1億1,200万トンから11億100万トン,サトウキビが4億1,600万トンから40億9,500万トン必要になる。これらの原料需要の最大値は,同年のトウモロコシとサトウキビの食用生産見込み,9億5,900万トン,19億6,600万トンを上回る。3)途上国の食料不安の主因は貧困であり,バイオマスプラスチックの普及率が低いシナリオでも,その需要の増加は食料価格の上昇を通して低所得国の食料不安を増大させる可能性が高い。4)バイオマスプラスチックについてもバイオ燃料と同様に,その利用に関する持続可能性基準の策定が必要である。
著者
埜中 正博 淺井 昭雄
出版者
日本脳神経外科コングレス
雑誌
脳神経外科ジャーナル (ISSN:0917950X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.4, pp.254-260, 2020 (Released:2020-04-25)
参考文献数
25

脊髄髄膜瘤は妊娠早期に行われる胎生期神経管の閉鎖が何らかの理由で障害され, 開いたままになってしまうことで生じる奇形である. 脊髄病変の修復と水頭症に対する治療は出生後から乳児期にかけて行われるが, この時期に治療が完結するわけではない. 特に脊髄病変の修復術後の癒着が脊髄係留を引き起こし, 既存の膀胱機能障害の悪化, 下肢の運動障害や変形, 痛みが生じる例が存在する. 脊髄係留解除術は一部の症例には有効であり, 特に痛みについては術後症状が改善する割合が高いため, この点に焦点を当てて報告する. 脊髄髄膜瘤患者の長期予後を改善させるためには, 脊髄係留の症状を適切に管理する必要がある.
著者
坂井 信之
出版者
日本感情心理学会
雑誌
感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.112-119, 2009-11-25 (Released:2010-05-08)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1

In our everyday lives, we are exposed to many stressors that induce mental stress, and consequently people may suffer mental illness, such as depression, bipolar mood disorders, and so on. Although there are many empirical studies showing that smelling an aroma or eating/drinking something is useful for easing mental stress, those studies did not use standardized methods for evaluating stress and/ or for easing stress. Preceding studies also used simple and boring tasks, such as the Kraepelin test requiring mental subtraction of a number sequence. In this study, a convenient task using SUDOKU puzzles for evoking mental stresses was introduced. Then, effective methods for easing stresses were investigated. This study revealed that the aromas of coffee and orange had a suppressive effect on stress, but the aromas of grapefruit and hinoki did not suppress mental stress. Also drinking canned coffee, bottled water, cola drink, or eating chocolate did not have a suppressive effect on mental stress. This study suggests that using coffee or orange aroma as an ambient odor suppresses mental stress.
著者
北岡(東口) 和代 荻野 佳代子 増田 真也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.5, pp.415-419, 2004-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
16 30

The purpose of this study was to validate Japanese research version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), a newly developed measure intended for persons of every occupation. The Japanese MBI-GS was administered to a sample of hospital workers. Exploratory factor analysis found three factors, as in original MBI-GS. Confirmatory factor analysis largely supported MBI-GS structure of three subscales, but the correlation between two subscales was unexpectedly high. To examine its construct validity, the subscale scores were then examined in relation to selected work characteristics. Conservation of resources theory was successful in its predictions of different patterns of effects among the correlates and three burnout subscales. The successful predictions suggested that meaning of each subscale was quite distinct. In all, our examination showed that Japanese MBI-GS assessed the same three dimensions as the original measure for human service workers.
著者
飯田 高
出版者
数理社会学会
雑誌
理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.2, pp.242-256, 2017 (Released:2018-03-27)
参考文献数
53

本稿の目的は,社会現象としての法が数理モデルのなかでどのように表現されうるかについて,社会規範研究と対比させる形で検討することである.まず,社会規範と法をめぐる近年の議論を概観しながら法の位置づけを整理し,経済モデルを含む数理モデルにおける法の捉え方の問題点を指摘する.そこでは,公的機関は法が成立するための必要条件ではなく,実際の法制度は多数のアクターの行動が調整されてはじめて作動する,という点が強調される.次いで,集合的なサンクションによって規範が実効化される様子を描写した簡単なモデルを提示し,社会規範と法の違いを表す方法について述べる.社会規範と法はどちらも,他者の行為に関するプレーヤーの信念を形成してサンクションという集合的行動を容易にするという機能をもっており,その点で連続性を有する.この連続性を考慮した法の定式化を示すとともに,人々の信念の変更によってのみ法は行動に影響を及ぼしうるということを論じる.
著者
大崎 晃
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.119, no.4, pp.615-631, 2010-08-25 (Released:2010-11-08)
参考文献数
43

This study examines the American whaling industry, which was based in New England and dominated most of the Western oil market in the 18th and 19th centuries. Previous studies by the author examined why the industry was attracted to this region, highlighting the favorable economic environment of the area, which allowed investors to accumulate the necessary funds to launch whaling ventures. Each investment consortium that provided funds to whaling vessels organized limited partnerships with individual vessels. This enabled consortiums to collect funds from a variety of stakeholders other than just businessmen involved in whaling and their families. Crewmembers of the vessel, reflecting the multi-racial society of the United States, were also free to select employers without relying on a conventional employer-employee relationship. Taken together, these factors led to New England attracting funds and labor from both within the region and further afield, and developing into the whaling center of the United States. An additional reason for New England's development as a whaling base was the global expansion of the industry to cover the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, with only the Southern Ocean not affected by this growth. Crewmembers were also paid from a ship's profits using the lay system. This payment by piece ratio ensured a minimum payment to crewmembers while guaranteeing a return for investors. The hiring of native islanders as part-time laborers in the whalers' areas of operation also kept expenditure to a minimum, with all of these factors contributing to investors' profits. Against this background, the whaling industry prospered and profited up until the 1850s. In the 1870s, however, the industry started to decline as whale resources decreased and the price of whale oil fell as a result of increased petroleum production. This study examines the details of how whaling voyages were managed during this period and how New England's whaling industry underwent a rapid transformation into a mechanized cotton industry with the owners of whaling vessels switching their investments to the cotton industry at New Bedford, the center of the whaling industry in New England. The rapid change from industrial whaling to the mechanical cotton industry in New England was made possible with the abundant funds accumulated by the whaling industry. The reestablishment of consortiums progressed smoothly as limited partnerships already existed and the labor market adapted efficiently from supplying whaling vessels to supplying female workers for the cotton industry due to the presence of non-conventional employment rules. We can see, therefore, in this region the development from one industry to another was controlled only by market-based mechanisms of American management. This is in sharp contrast to the Japanese fishing industry, which developed from a manufacturing fishery through technological innovation and utilizing community manpower or industrial power as the only motive force under limited investment and labor market conditions.
著者
神谷 知樹 梶本 裕之 佐藤 克成 柳田 康幸
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会
雑誌
日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.3, pp.359-368, 2017 (Released:2017-09-30)
参考文献数
15

It has been reported that haptic perception ability is diminished by wearing gloves and other clothing. To resolve this problem, we propose a transmission system of haptic information that consists of a haptic sensor on the surface of the clothing and a haptic display between the clothing and the skin. Using this system, haptic information is transmitted as if it penetrated the clothing. We named this concept “Haptic-Through”, and the system having this function “Haptic-Through Systems” collectively. In this paper, as an example of Haptic-Through Systems, we implemented and evaluate a finger-mounted Haptic-Through System.