著者
松尾 淳一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.5, pp.244-247, 2013-05-20 (Released:2017-06-30)
参考文献数
6

ある炭素-水素結合を炭素-重水素結合に置き換えた場合に,反応速度が遅くなることがある。その効果を速度論的同位体効果という。その置き換えた結合がその反応にて切断される場合は,一次同位体効果として知られている。また,重水素にて置き換えた結合が反応によって切断されない場合は二次同位体効果として知られ,その重水素の位置の違いから,α二次同位体効果およびβ二次同位体効果として分類されている。これらの速度論的同位体効果によって,反応のどの段階が一番おそい段階(律速段階)なのか知ることができ,さらに反応の遷移状態の構造に関しても情報を得ることができる。したがって,速度論的同位体効果を明らかにすることは,反応機構を調べる際の重要な方法の一つとなっている。
著者
藤谷 悠
出版者
日本オーラル・ヒストリー学会
雑誌
日本オーラル・ヒストリー研究 (ISSN:18823033)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.187-206, 2020 (Released:2021-12-20)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1

In Japanese, “Tojisha” means “the person concerned”. The author, who once had a long-term experience of Hikikomori (Social withdrawal), now conducts research on Hikikomori. As a part of this research, this time, the author analyzes a dialogue between the author and another Hikikomori. The theme of the dialogue is about “Hikikomori Studies”. However, before the dialogue took place, the idea of “Hikikomori Studies” was just nothing more than the author’s self-righteous idea. And, it was also an idea that excludes all but the Hikikomori parties. After the dialogue, the author hopes to change the form of “Hikikomori Studies” into another form for thinking with the people who are not “Tojisha” but are interested (They’re called “Kyojisha”). In addition to the analysis of the dialogue, this paper also provides a discussion based on the author’s auto-ethnography.
著者
中村 純作 堀田 秀吾 朝尾 幸次郎 梅咲 敦子 松田 憲 津熊 良政 野澤 和典 東 照二 山添 孝夫 佐藤 佳奈 宮浦 陽子 山本 香里 濱中 千裕 霜村 憲司
出版者
立命館大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2007

我が国中等教育の英語教科書のモニターコーパスを更新、補充、新たにアジア諸国の英語教科書を追加したコーパスを構築し、教科書研究のための環境づくりを行った上、教科書の内容(語彙、構文、文法項目、トピック、社会文化的要素等)を中心に質的・量的比較を行い日本の英語教育に欠けている点を指摘した。また、我が国を含めたアジア諸国の英語教育の実態と課題を検討し、我が国英語教育の問題点、今後の方向性などを考えるための国際シンポジウム、英語教育での新しい試みに関する知見を共有するための英語教育公開講演会、ワークショップなども開催、これらをまとめた報告書を出版した。
著者
渡邉 大助 数井 優子 太田 彦人
出版者
日本法科学技術学会
雑誌
日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.1, pp.15-21, 2020 (Released:2020-01-31)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1

The behavior of degradation and diffusion of phosphorus-containing amino acids, glyphosate and glufosinate, in soil was investigated over a long term of up to 6 months. The herbicides were extracted from the soil under strong alkaline condition and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Diffusion and downward penetration were hardly observed for glyphosate, and was observed for about 90 days in summer and about 185 days in winter. For glufosinate, on the other hand, the observation was relatively short at about 10 days, and diffusion and penetration in soil were slightly observed. In the case when glyphosate or glufosinate is dumped on the ground for criminal purposes, the herbicides could be detected at least for 6 months for glyphosate and 1 month for glufosinate from the surface soil by using the method presented in this paper.
著者
深谷 舜
出版者
日本平和学会
雑誌
平和研究 (ISSN:24361054)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, pp.99-124, 2023-09-05 (Released:2023-09-13)
参考文献数
57

This article aims to critique a simplified narrative of hegemonic peace through a study of the railway construction process in late-nineteenth-century Victorian India. In many cases, the discourse on hegemonic peace depends on the overwhelming economic power or influence on international institutions. However, in such narratives, the meaning of peace is reduced to a negative one. To shed light on the various meaning of peace, this article focuses on historical modes of hegemony through a discussion of railway construction, although fragmentary, in the context of peace studies. This article argues that railway construction under the British Empire had incurred deforestation as an opportunity for an ‘Anthropocene’, despite its project of realising ‘peace’ in the thoughts of the governors of the empire. By examining the concrete practice of railway construction, I suggest that a theory of structural violence, as have been proposed by Johan Galtung, requires development in two directions. First, I introduce the concept of ‘power of circulation/distribution’ to position railway construction in the structuring of structural violence. Second, the environmental destruction caused by railway construction was positioned as ‘slow violence’ and the need to apprehend the temporal dimension of violence is discussed. Through such a perspective, new directions of peace studies are discussed.
著者
松田 成弘 信澤 邦宏
出版者
群馬県水産試験場
巻号頁・発行日
no.11, pp.27-29, 2005 (Released:2011-03-05)

集落排水処理事業等の下水処理にあたっては、公共用水域へ処理水を放流する前に塩素等で消毒が義務づけられているため、残留塩素が河川へ流入することはある程度避けられない状況にあるものの、魚類死亡事故のうち残留塩素を原因とするものは少なくない。残留塩素には遊離残留塩素と結合残留塩素があるが、今回魚類に対して毒性がより強いと考えられる遊離残留塩素のアユとコイに対しての毒性試験を実施したので報告する。
著者
古賀 政好 山田 あすか
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.785, pp.1870-1881, 2021-07-30 (Released:2021-07-30)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
1 1

It is necessary to implement a series of special supports from infancy to working age so that people with an illness or disability can live with dignity and have self-fulfillment. The following three studies address the idea of reconsidering places of life/activities for people with various special needs.[I] Understanding the needs for technical environmental arrangements[II] Understanding the spatial composition and aspects of life/activity according to types of facilities[III] Consideration of stay and relationship of people with various special needs based on individual surveys This paper aims to examine studies [II] and [III] conducted at preschools and study [III] at an elementary school section of special-needs school, and refering to the construction of activity bases that includes various special needs.  The observational research was conducted at four facilities (W/X/Y/Z) for children with intellectual disabilities and an elementary school section of a special-needs school (M). At these facilities, children are provided with nursing/education that fits each special support type defined by their ability to communicate and move.   Chapter 3 looks at studies [II] and [III], which were conducted at four preschool facilities, and the following findings were obtained.・ Even though the spatial composition is the same, usage of the space is different.・ Differences in aspects of stay for each special support type are related to whether children can choose their place to stay.・ It is necessary to provide support for human interactions depending on spatial composition/special support type.  Chapter 4 looks at study [III], which was conducted at an elementary school section of a special-needs school, and the following findings were obtained.・ The stay ratio distribution is not influenced by special support type but by curriculum and furniture placement.・ Difference that depends on special support types is not observed when they relate with "Other Children".・ Relationship of special support types "a" and "b" are at lower percentage of "Teacher" and higher percentage of "By Oneself" in 2012 than in 2010.  Finally, in Chapter 5, cross-sectional consideration of differences and synonyms of activity patterns in preschool and school age was conducted; the following findings were obtained.・ Even with the same space composition, the meaning of the space differs depending on operation and shape of each facility, and that becomes apparent as the way the space is used.・ The environment and stimulus that are easily obtained/ decreased change based on special support type and spatial composition at four preschool facilities. On the other hand, the environment and stimuli are controlled by spatial transformation at school (M).  As stated above, in order to build comprehensive activity base regardless of age and type of disability at preschool and school age, it is necessary to firstly pay attention to the environment and stimuli that are received differently depending on spatial composition and special support type. In addition, since special support type affects management and nursing / education policy, it is needed to consider spatial composition together with the management policy. Furthermore, it is necessary to redesign space and activities by reexamining management and the meaning of the space according to the needs, because bases for preschool and school age children care different students every year and also their needs change each year.
著者
太田 慧 杉本 興運 上原 明 池田 真利子 飯塚 遼 磯野 巧 小池 拓矢
出版者
地理空間学会
雑誌
地理空間 (ISSN:18829872)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.3, pp.165-179, 2018 (Released:2018-04-13)
被引用文献数
3

近年,日本におけるクルーズ需要は高まっており,都市におけるナイトクルーズも都市観光におけるナイトライフの充実を図るうえで重要な観光アトラクションとなっている。本研究は,東京におけるナイトクルーズの一つとして東京湾納涼船をとりあげ,東京湾納涼船の歴史と運航システムを整理し,東京湾納涼船の集客戦略と若者の利用特性を明らかにした。1990年代以降の東京湾納涼船の乗船客数の減少に対して,2000年以降に若者をターゲットとした集客戦略の転換が図られ,ゆかたを着た乗船客への割引や若者向けの船内コンテンツが導入された。その結果,2014年以降の年間乗船客数は14万人を超えるまでに増加した。乗船客へのアンケート調査の結果,東京湾納涼船は大学生を中心とした若者にとって金銭的にも心理的にも乗船する際の障壁が低いことが明らかになった。つまり,安価で手軽に利用できる東京湾納涼船は学生を含む若者にナイトクルーズ利用の機会を増やしている。
著者
平山 健二郎 Kenjiro Hirayama
雑誌
経済学論究 (ISSN:02868032)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.2, pp.29-62, 2004-09-20
著者
末木 新
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.289-295, 2017 (Released:2017-06-22)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2

Baseball is a thriving sport in Japanese high schools. However, there have been demands to shorten the instructional time for school extracurricular activities, resulting in a need to increase the effectiveness of such instruction. The present study was designed to examine the effects of 3 elements of team strength in high school baseball—pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength—on the outcome of a game. The materials used for analysis were the records of all of the 390 games and 780 teams involved in the National High School Baseball Championship from 2008 to 2015. Pitching strength, batting strength, and defensive strength were calculated using Fielding Independent Pitching (FIP), On-base Plus Slugging (OPS), and Defensive Efficiency Rating (DER), respectively. Logistic regression analysis (forced entry method) was conducted on the game outcome as the dependent variable and team FIP, team OPS, and DER as the independent variables. This analysis showed that the team FIP (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.74—0.86), team OPS (odds ratio 8145, 95% confidence interval 1957—33898), and DER (odds ratio 5699019, 95% confidence interval 341274—95169408) were significantly associated with the outcome of the game. An assessment of the Wald statistic, which indicates the contribution rate of the dependent variables, showed that batting strength had the strongest effect on game outcome, followed by defensive strength. Compared to batting and defensive strength, pitching strength appeared to have only a small influence on game outcome. Therefore, for efficient improvement of team strength, it is considered that resources should be directed towards improving batting and defensive strength over pitching strength.
著者
石島 佳代
出版者
日本交通学会
雑誌
交通学研究 (ISSN:03873137)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, pp.109-116, 2019 (Released:2020-04-27)
参考文献数
25

2018年3月、自家用車利用率と大気汚染の抑制を第一の目的として、フランスの首都パリで公共交通の無料化案が発表されたが、同年10月、その実現の見送りが決定した。フランスでは現在およそ30の中・小規模都市で公共交通が無料化されている一方、大都市ではその実現は依然難しい。本稿では、パリにおける公共交通無料化構想の背景に特に焦点を当てて考察し、公共交通が公益性を追求して整備・運営されている実態、特に採算ではなく社会的利益を生む手段として重視されていることを明確に示す。