著者
木村 高宏
出版者
Japanese Association of Electoral Studies
雑誌
選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.125-136,257, 2003-02-28 (Released:2009-01-22)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
4

本稿では不満な有権者の棄権を,ハーシュマン(Hirschman, Albert O.)の提示した「退出」であると考える。この理論枠組みを敷衍して,不満な者の投票参加がいくつかの要因によって影響を受けるという仮説を検証する。本稿の分析を通じて,不満であっても何らかの政治課題を重要だと考えれば投票し,あるいは,社会をよくするために何かができると考えれば投票する,という有権者の存在を示すことができた。このことは,有権者自身の態度形成を問題にしており,政策距離を中心に考える期待効用差からの研究に対して,有権者の政治を理解する能力が十分に成熟していない場合にも採用可能であるという利点があるだろう。また,分析において,政治的疎外感を示す質問と,「社会をよくする」というような有力感に関する質問とが,質的に異なることを示すことができた。
著者
市村 賢士郎 河村 悠太 枡田 恵 伊川 美保 髙橋 雄介 楠見 孝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.93.20333, (Released:2022-02-10)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
2

In recent years, there has been a growing social movement in Japan to develop better work styles. With this background, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between achievement goals and meaningful work in Japan to replicate studies conducted in the West. In addition, we also examined whether an occupational classification moderates the relationship between achievement goals and meaningful work. To this end, we conducted a web survey comprising of blue- and white-collar workers (N = 792) aged 19 to 69. Multiple regression analysis showed that mastery-approach and performance-approach goals were relatively strongly related to meaningful work. Additionally, among white-collar workers, it was observed that performance-approach goals had a positive relationship with meaningful work while performance-avoidance goals had a negative relationship. These results suggested that, in Japan, both mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance goals are related to meaningful work, and that the relationship between performance goals and meaningful work differs based on the goals in the occupation.
著者
郷原 皓彦 佐々木 恭志郎 山田 祐樹
出版者
日本基礎心理学会
雑誌
基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.197-205, 2018-03-31 (Released:2018-06-16)
参考文献数
42

We investigated whether the characteristics of autobiographical memory recalled by Japanese onomatopoeia are different from those recalled by non-onomatopoetic Japanese words with similar meanings. One hundred twenty participants were instructed to recall an autobiographical memory corresponding to the meaning of word cues, as well as answer a questionnaire containing 11 items associated with the recalled autobiographical memory. The word cues were eight onomatopoetic or non-onomatopoetic words of similar meanings. The results showed that the onomatopoeia-induced autobiographical memories were more recent compared to the non-onomatopoeia-induced memories. This suggests that the image information inherent in onomatopoeia helps people in recalling more recent autobiographical memories.
著者
大山 博史 松永 恒雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本リモートセンシング学会
雑誌
日本リモートセンシング学会誌 (ISSN:02897911)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.1, pp.61-67, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-08-01)
参考文献数
18

We describe past, ongoing, and planned space-based instruments with the capability to observe the column abundance of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The key features of the satellite and spectral instruments are concisely summarized.
著者
山崎 裕司 松下 恵子
出版者
学校法人高知学園 高知リハビリテーション学院
雑誌
高知リハビリテーション学院紀要 (ISSN:13455648)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.29-33, 2008-03-31 (Released:2018-09-06)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

本研究では,行動分析学の技法を用いた車椅子キャスター上げの指導方法を考案し,その効果について口頭指示による試行錯誤型の操作練習と比較検討した.対象は,キャスター上げ経験の無い健常女性13名で,無作為に2群に分類された.A群(7名)には,最初に試行錯誤型のコーチングが行われ,次に日を変えて行動分析的コーチングが行われた.B群(6名)では,A群とは逆の順でコーチングが行われた.目標行動は,1分以内に標準型車椅子のキャスターを上げ,その状態を30秒間保持することとした.行動分析的コーチングは,シェイピングや連鎖化,身体的ガイド,プロンプト・フェイディングなどの技法を取り入れて形成された.課題の難易度が段階的に設定され,練習中の失敗ができるだけ少なくなるように配慮された.試行錯誤型のコーチングでは,キャスター上げ,およびその保持の方法が口頭で教示された.いずれも練習時間は30分とした.行動分析的コーチング後,13名全員が30秒以上のキャスター上げに成功した.試行錯誤型コーチングを一日目に導入した7名中,30秒以上のキャスター上げができた症例はなかった.以上のことから,シェイピングや身体的ガイド,プロンプト・フェイディングを用いたキャスター上げ練習は,口頭指示のみによる試行錯誤型練習に比較してより有効なものと考えられた.
著者
後藤 友明 髙梨 愛梨
出版者
一般社団法人 水産海洋学会
雑誌
水産海洋研究 (ISSN:09161562)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.2, pp.100-109, 2020-05-25 (Released:2022-03-17)
参考文献数
27

2008年から2018年に岩手県南部沖で行った底延縄調査で採集された1,485個体(標準体長78–359 mm)に基づいて,タヌキメバルの年齢,体長–体重関係,年齢–体長関係を推定した.体長–体重関係は,雌雄で異なるアロメトリー式で表された.耳石薄片の観察から耳石縁辺の輪紋形成周期を推定したところ,不透明帯は5–10月にかけて年1回形成されることが示された.得られたタヌキメバルの年齢は1–9歳の範囲で,年齢–体長関係に有意な雌雄差はみられず,雌雄込みのvon Bertalanffyの成長式で表された.GSIの季節変動から,雌の成熟個体は3–5月に出現し,4歳以上で認められた.求められた年齢と成長・成熟の関係は,岩手県から八戸沖からタヌキメバルと区別されずに求められてきたキツネメバル種群の既往値と同様であった.年級群別のCPUE(個体数/100針)を算出し,年級間で比較した結果,本海域における調査期間内のタヌキメバル資源では, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2015年級群の豊度が相対的に高いことがわかった.
著者
FUDEYASU Hironori SHIMADA Udai OIKAWA Yoshinori EITO Hisaki WADA Akiyoshi YOSHIDA Ryuji HORINOUCHI Takeshi
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2022-031, (Released:2022-04-21)
被引用文献数
4

This study investigated the atmospheric and oceanic contributions to the genesis of Typhoon Faxai in 2019. Our statistical analysis using the tropical cyclone genesis score (TGS) attributed the tropical disturbance that developed into Faxai (Pre-Faxai) to easterly waves (EWs). The EW score evaluated by a grid version of the TGS (Grid-EW) averaged around the occurrence of Pre-Faxai was approximately twice as large as the climatological mean; it was the second largest value in the past 38 years. The Pre-Faxai area with high Grid-EW scores could be traced back to the eastern North Pacific (ENP) around August 25, 2019. The lower-troposphere environment characterized by high Grid-EW scores was favorable for vortex formation because it provided a containment area for moisture entrained by the developing circulation or lofted by the deep convection therein. The Pre-Faxai area with high Grid-EW scores moved westward because of the background easterly flow over the ENP, then entered the western North Pacific (WNP). The Typhoon Intensity Forecast Scheme (TIFS) showed that the important environments for its genesis were ocean conditions and the vertical wind shear. The oceanic conditions contributed to the development of Pre-Faxai as it traveled over the WNP. The enhancement of vertical wind shear and subsequent suppression of the development of Pre-Faxai were caused by the lower-troposphere easterly winds associated with high EW scores; they were also caused by upper-troposphere westerly winds associated with an upper cold low northwest of Pre-Faxai. When the vertical shear decreased with weakening of the upper cold low, Pre-Faxai reached tropical storm intensity on September 4. Therefore, TGS and TIFS detected Pre-Faxai 10 days before the typhoon arose, an indication that monitoring environmental factors such as EW and vertical wind shear are important for disaster prevention.
著者
OSE Tomoaki ENDO Hirokazu TAKAYA Yuhei MAEDA Shuhei NAKAEGAWA Toshiyuki
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2022-032, (Released:2022-04-14)
被引用文献数
3

Robust and uncertain sea-level pressure patterns over summertime East Asia in the future global warming projections and their causes are studied by applying the inter-model empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to the multi-model experiments in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and focusing common features with the previous CMIP5 analysis. The ensemble average and the first to third EOF modes associated with future pressure changes are similar to the corresponding ones from CMIP5. The first and second modes represent strengthened and weakened high pressure systems in subtropical and northern East Asia, respectively. The third mode is the reverse anomaly of the climatological pressure pattern over summertime East Asia, indicating weakened southerly monsoon winds. The second mode pattern makes positive contributions to almost all the CMIP6 future pressure changes, representing a robust future projection pattern. The robust mode is the result of surface warming over the northern continents and neighboring seas that is stronger than the global average. The first and third modes are considered to be uncertain (but major) patterns in the ensemble projections because the signs of their contributions to the future changes are dependent on the model used. Suppressed vertical motion over the equatorial (northern) Indian Ocean caused by the vertically stabilized atmosphere under the global warming scenario is the source of the first (third) mode, together with the counter vertical motion anomaly over the equatorial (northern) Pacific. The above characteristics of the modes are essentially similar to those identified in the CMIP5 analysis while different sea surface temperature anomalies are related to the secondary structures of the modes. Some uncertainties in the future projections can be attributed to the systematic differences in the model climatology of the present-day precipitation, which determines the distribution of the suppressed vertical motion under the future warmer climate.
著者
小林 勝広
出版者
一般社団法人 電気設備学会
雑誌
電気設備学会 論文誌 (ISSN:24334472)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.2, pp.8-15, 2022 (Released:2022-04-10)
参考文献数
23

In this paper is, a method for describing the practical knowledge possessed by electrical installation engineers as explicit knowledge was discussed. The author, who has 45 years of practical experience as an electrical installation engineer, selected himself as the subject of analysis and described himself using a qualitative research method ”auto-ethnography.” The author extracted the practical knowledge that he had acquired through practical work and self-learning, using the ”repertoire” that was advocated as the lifelong learning theory ”reflection practice” for professionals as an index. As a result, the author was able to systematize practical knowledge as a ”repertoire” and at the same time to present a visualization method using ”frame analysis” of practical knowledge.
著者
Chihiro Sato Ken Kitajima
出版者
FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)
雑誌
Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.133, pp.221-238, 2011 (Released:2011-11-02)
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
3 5

シアル酸 (Sia) がα2, 8結合で8-400残基縮重合したポリシアル酸構造は、胎仔期の脳において神経細胞接着分子 (NCAM) 上に一過的に発現する。また成体脳では、海馬や嗅球などの神経の再構築が行われている部位で発現が存続している。ポリシアル酸は、自身の大きな負電荷や立体障害により、細胞の接着を阻害するため、細胞接着の負の制御分子として細胞移動や神経突起の伸長、軸索の可塑性を促進し、正常な神経回路の形成や神経発生に関わるとされてきた。近年我々はポリシアル酸が神経の機能を制御するBDNF、FGF2、ドーパミンのような生理活性因子と直接相互作用し、それらの因子を保持して細胞表面濃度を調節することによって細胞機能を制御する新たなポリシアル酸の機能を見いだした。また、ポリシアル酸構造の生合成を司るポリシアル酸転移酵素(STX)について、統合失調症患者に報告されたその翻訳領域におけるSNPは、酵素活性を顕著に低下させ、それを反映するポリシアル酸構造の質と量を低下させ、そのことによりポリシアル酸の保持機能が失われることを明らかにした。このポリシアル酸構造の破綻が統合失調症をはじめとするポリシアル酸量の変動が認められる精神疾患や神経変性疾患患者のポリシアル酸による分子保持機能に影響を与えている可能性がある。
著者
Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe Shigeki Okada Shiki Okamoto Hiroaki Masuzaki Chitoshi Takayama
出版者
JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY
雑誌
ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA (ISSN:00445991)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.1, pp.47-56, 2022-02-26 (Released:2022-02-26)
参考文献数
50
被引用文献数
3

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain; however, it acts excitatory during development. This difference in action depends on the intra­cellular chloride ion concentration, primarily regulated by potassium chloride co-transporter2 (KCC2). Sufficient KCC2 expression results in its inhibitory action. GABA is also abundant in pancreatic islets, where it acts differentially on the islet cells, and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying the differential action remain unknown. We performed immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a synthetic enzyme for GABA, and KCC2 in normal adult islets. GAD was co-localized with insulin in β cells, whereas KCC2 was expressed in glucagon-positive α cells. These results are in line with previous observations that GABA decreases glucagon release but increases insulin release, and suggest that GABA and insulin may work together in reducing blood glucose levels under hyperglycemia. Next, we examined the streptozotocin-induced type1 diabetes mellitus mouse model. GAD and insulin expression levels were markedly decreased. KCC2 was expressed in glucagon-positive cells, whereas insulin- and somatostatin-positive cells were KCC2-negative. These findings suggest that in diabetes model, reduced GABA release may cause disinhibition of glucagon release, resulting in increased blood sugar levels and the maintenance of hyperglycemic state.