著者

丸山 千里

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.5, pp.267-276_26, 1971 (Released:2010-12-22)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

4 5

著者

平 孝臣

出版者

日本生物学的精神医学会

雑誌

日本生物学的精神医学会誌 (ISSN:21866619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.11-21, 2013 (Released:2017-02-16)

参考文献数

73

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精神疾患に対する脳神経外科治療(neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders :NPD)を行う脳神経外科医の大半が属する国際定位機能神経外科学会(WSSFN)の会長として,WSSFN でのNPD へのコンセンサス,スタンス,課題,および国際的現状を紹介する。WSSFNでは少なくとも現時点ではすべてのNPDを「研究段階の治療」とみなしている。FDA や CEの承認を背景に企業などの関与があり,純粋な医学的見地からは疑問視する声もある。したがってこれらの承認をもって一般医療とはみなしていない。「研究段階の治療」ではある一定の study protocol のもと,各国,各施設でのIRBなどの承認が必須で,患者や社会も「研究的,実験的」治療と認識しておく必要がある。多くの倫理規定やガイドラインがあるが,精神科医,脳外科医を含む複数の専門分野の十分経験のある医師の関与が必須である。このような条件下の研究は,難治性強迫神経症(OCD),難治性うつ病(TRD)が代表的であるが,アルコールを含む薬物依存,神経性食思不振,アルツハイマー病などもにも拡大している。一方WSSFNの原則に則らず,十分な情報開示もないまま,統合失調症,薬物依存,衝動的な攻撃性などに対して凝固術を行っている国もある。しかしこれらにはLevel 1のエビデンスはなく,安全性と有効性が Level 2の段階で,今後さらに科学的検証が必要である。DBSが可逆的で盲検可能で科学的アプローチが可能ということで注目を浴びているが,北米では現在もNPDに関与する脳神経外科医の半数が凝固術を行っている。薬物治療などの既存の治療の効果を評価する尺度で,同様に重度のOCD や TRDに対するDBSの効果を検討した場合,未だに完全ではないが,十分有望な効果が認められており,今後本邦でも看過できない領域である。

著者

深谷 千絵 矢郷 香 大塚 志穂 岡田 明子 中川 種昭 朝波 惣一郎

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.10, pp.624-627, 2004-10-20 (Released:2011-04-22)

参考文献数

10

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Concool F®is a chemical mouthwash containing chlorhexidine gluconate that is used for the treatment of periodontal disease and halitosis. We report a case of gingival necrosis caused by incorrect use of Concool F®A 52-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of gingival necrosis. One week before presentation, she went to sleep after putting a cotton roll soaked in a large amount of Concool F®solution (0.36 % chlorhexidine gluconate) on the upper gingiva to reduce bad breath. She noticed bleeding and a painful ulcer in the upper gum from the maxillary right lateral incisor to the left second premolar.Whenever a mouthwash agent containing chlorhexidine gluconate is used, we must be cautious about its usage and dosage and instruct the patients on proper use.

著者

加藤 良平

出版者

日本内分泌外科学会・日本甲状腺外科学会

雑誌

日本内分泌・甲状腺外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:21869545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.88-92, 2017 (Released:2017-07-21)

参考文献数

6

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近年,白血病やリンパ腫,種々の固形癌の診断や治療の選択に遺伝子検査が用いられるようになってきた。甲状腺腫瘍でも,これまで遺伝子変異に関する研究は数多く行われており,それぞれの組織型と関連が深い遺伝子異常(BRAF変異,RAS変異,RET再構成,PAX8/PPARγ再構成)などや腫瘍のプログレッションに関係する遺伝子異常(TERT変異,p53変異)などが報告されてきた。これらの遺伝子変異は甲状腺癌の形態診断の限界ともいえる判定困難領域(WDT-UMP,FT-UMP,NIFTP)に有用な情報をもたらすものであり,また,腫瘍の悪性度を形態像とは異なる面から推定できる可能性がある。本稿では,甲状腺腫瘍の組織型と遺伝子異常の関係を述べ,遺伝子異常からみた新しい分類を提唱した。さらに従来の形態診断に遺伝子診断を併用する可能性について記した。

著者

大峰 光博 友添 秀則 長島 和幸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13011, (Released:2013-07-08)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3 1

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In baseball games, there are instances where a pitcher deliberately targets a batsman of the opposing team with a pitch in order to retaliate against a previous strike on their own player by the opposing team. The present study focusing on major league baseball aimed to clarify the nature of the responsibility sensed a pitcher who finds himself in a similar position after a batsman on his team has taken an intentional hit from the opposing team's pitcher in order to analyze the structure of the pitcher's dilemma. We looked at the situation not only from the viewpoint in which the pitcher's responsibility is considered an obligation, as proposed by Takikawa, but also from the obligations concept proposed by Sandel. We found that there is a responsibility to comply with the official baseball rules to discourage any retaliatory hit on a batsman in order to avoid any intentional injury to a member of the opponent's team. On the other hand, responsibility for an intentional hit on a batman can be considered an obligation in order to implement an unwritten rule that condones such retaliatory action. Therefore the structure of the responsibility is considered to be an obligation that generates a dilemma for the pitcher and promotes conflict. On this basis, the difficulty of resolving the problem related to a retaliatory hit was highlighted. Furthermore, the possibility of analysis in accordance with the responsibility concept for ethical issues in sport was suggested. We discuss the concept of responsibility as an obligation that presents a conflict, and consider which course of action should have priority in such cases.

著者

大橋 聖和 大坪 誠 松本 聡 小林 健太 佐藤 活志 西村 卓也

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.4, pp.565-589, 2020-08-25 (Released:2020-10-02)

参考文献数

108

被引用文献数

4 5

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The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake occurred in the tectonically complex central Kyushu area where several forcing factors such as the subducting Philippine Sea plate, the Median Tectonic Line and the Nankai forearc sliver, the spreading Okinawa trough, and the migrating volcanic front are involved. Neogene–Quaternary tectonics of central Kyushu are revisited by integrating geological, seismological, and geodetical approaches. Deformation histories of the Futagawa and Hinagu fault zones, the source faults of the Kumamoto earthquake, are also established in an attempt to explain the relationship between geologic structures and rupture processes of the earthquake. The results show that present-day tectonics surrounding central Kyushu are considered to have originated in the last 1 Ma or younger, as a transtensional tectonic zone (Central Kyushu Shear Zone) characterized by combined dextral faults and rift zones (or volcanoes). Reflecting spatiotemporal variations of the crustal stress field and rift activity, the Futagawa and Hinagu fault zones show multi-stage deformation throughout the Neogene–Quaternary periods: normal faulting to dextral faulting for the Futagawa fault zone and sinistral to dextral faulting for the Hinagu fault zone. Those diverse histories of stress and strain fields in central Kyushu possibly led to the complexities of fault geometry and rupture process of the Kumamoto earthquake.

著者

梶 茂樹

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.8-10, 2001-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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Tone is one of the common features of the world's languages. It is found not only in East and Southeast Asian languages, but in many languages of the world: native American, New Guinean, African, etc. If we add to this category pitch-accent languages, an overwhelming number of the world's languages can be seen to exploit this particular phonetic feature in varying degrees. Four languages and language groups are chosen in this issue to exemplify various tone types; namely, Chinese, Korean, Haida (North American) and Bantu (Africa). Although typology is considered in the analysis of these languages, we mainly intend to show different tone and/or pitch-accent languages, no unification being attempted as to the usage of the terms tone and pitch-accent.

著者

Takafumi Abe Jun Kitayuguchi Noritoshi Fukushima Masamitsu Kamada Shinpei Okada Kenji Ueta Chiaki Tanaka Yoshiteru Mutoh

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.26, 2022 (Released:2022-06-18)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

15

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Background: Physical inactivity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have hindered the development of fundamental movement skills in preschoolers. This serial cross-sectional study compared fundamental movement skills by age group before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2020), among Japanese preschoolers aged 3–5 years.Methods: Of the 22 preschools within Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, 21 (95.5%) and 17 (77.3%) participated in the 2019 and 2020 surveys, respectively. We analyzed 608 and 517 preschoolers in both surveys. Fundamental movement skills were objectively assessed with a 25 m run, standing long jump, and softball throw, based on the Japanese physical activity guidelines for preschoolers. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare the fundamental movement skills data between periods.Results: For the 25 m run, participants aged 5 years were faster before than during the pandemic (p = 0.018), while participants aged 3 and 4 years showed no significant differences. Participants aged 3–5 years showed no significant differences before and during the pandemic for the standing long jump (p ≥ 0.072). For the softball throw, all grades scored higher before than during the pandemic (p < 0.001).Conclusions: These findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic impeded the development of fundamental motor skills, especially for object control skills. This highlights the need for interventions aimed at developing fundamental motor skills in preschoolers during and after the pandemic.

著者

永井 孝志

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.145-152, 2013 (Released:2014-05-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4

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This article introduces a concept of “solution-focused risk assessment (SFRA)” to propose a specific vision of collaboration between risk assessors and risk managers. SFRA can evaluate the risk reduction outcome and cost-effectiveness of possible risk management options (solutions). The opening question should not be “How bad is the problem?” but “How good are the solutions we might apply?”, because we can think about solutions before we fully understand the problem (risk). The needs of SFRA were discussed by taking risk management deficits regarding radioactive substances in food as an example. Then, the pros and cons of SFRA were discussed. The notable benefit of SFRA is giving stakeholders opportunities to understand the possible solutions. After that, the history of functional separation of risk assessment and management was reviewed. Finally, some specific examples of application of solution-focused risk assessment were given from dichloromethane as paint remover, acrylamide in food, mercury in fish, and ecological risk by pesticide use.

著者

渡辺 知恵美 中村 聡史

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.340-352, 2015-01-06 (Released:2015-01-06)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3

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This paper proposes a ranking methodology of cooking recipe by using fitness value between a recipe and onomatopoeia. This system is implemented as a function of a cooking recipe search site “Onomatoperori”. By using onomatopoeia, users can find what they want to cook from their ambiguous idea. We defined formulas for calculating fitness value between recipe and onomatopoeia by using mutual information between onomatopoeia and a word in title or description of recipes. In addition, we defined the similarity measure between onomatopeia words by mapping their words by using 15 sentimental dimensions for expressing the tastes and textures of the dishes. And we improve the ranking methodology by using the similarity among onomatopoeia words. By using these ranking methodologies we can search the cooking recipes which are related to the onomatopoeia although they do not include the onomatopeia word in the recipes.

著者

中嶋 貞雄

出版者

物性研究・電子版 編集委員会

雑誌

物性論研究 (ISSN:18837808)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1953, no.65, pp.116-130, 1953 (Released:2009-11-26)

参考文献数

10

著者

三石 誠司

出版者

日本フードシステム学会

雑誌

フードシステム研究 (ISSN:13410296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.372-385, 2014 (Released:2014-05-09)

参考文献数

21

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This paper intends to analyze and re-examine the actual effectiveness, types of necessary activities, and impact of export restrictions of grains and oilseeds, which arise as a result of political and economic decision-making. The analyzed data are official reports prepared by the U.S. International Trade Commission, the General Accounting Office (GAO), and the investigation report of the Congressional Research Service of the United States. All these reports cover five export restrictions during the period of 1973 to 1980.What is understood from these reports is to enforce export restriction required excessive time, labor, and financial costs, and made losing the credibility as a stable supplier of the international grain market as well as giving advantages to other competitors such as Brazil, Argentina, and Canada. These are all well-known facts to date. Based on these experiences, the United States has not issued export restrictions for grains and oilseeds for the past three decades even during the grain crisis in 2008. There are some findings, however, about who actually suffered damages from the embargoes among farmers, exporters, and the governments. The paper also classifies the basic merits and demerits of export restrictions in different levels of stakeholders.

著者

関口 昌由

出版者

独立行政法人 国立高等専門学校機構 木更津工業高等専門学校

雑誌

木更津工業高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:21889201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.85-90, 2021 (Released:2022-05-13)

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New KOSEN’s had been established at King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang (KMITL) in 2019 and at King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi (KMUTT) in 2020. They are abbreviated as “KOSEN-KMITL” and “KOSEN KMUTT,” respectively. The author was dispatched to KOSEN-KMITL in 2019–2020 as a mathematics instructor. They are really new education system in Thailand, therefore we need to develop the curriculum, textbooks, syllabi, handouts in class, drills, and other every kind of education methodology. The author had edited four textbooks as well as daily drills, examination questions and answers within these two years. In addition, he was twice involved in the admission office for developing the entrance examination. Still after returning Japan, he continues to write other textbooks because the tasks in Bangkok are rather heavy for the present instructors.

著者

大東 祥孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会

雑誌

高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.295-303, 2009-09-30 (Released:2010-10-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3 1

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広義の病態失認について,その臨床像と発現機序に論及した。(1) 皮質盲や皮質聾に対する Anton 症状,(2) ウェルニッケ失語における病識の欠如,(3) 健忘症状における病態失認,(4) 左半身麻痺の否認としてみとめられる Babinski 型病態失認,について述べ,とりわけ,(4) については,これを「身体意識」の病態と考える視点が重要であることを指摘した。身体図式と身体意識を区別し,前者は Edelman のいう「高次意識」に帰属する象徴的水準における身体像であって,その病理が自己身体失認や手指失認であるのに対し,後者は,「一次意識」に帰属するものであって,言語的判断の要因を含まない直接的で無媒介な自己意識に裏打ちされた,自己身体への背景的な気づきによって特徴づけられるような身体像であり,「身体意識」が右半球優位 (右半球:両側身体,左半球:右半身) に構造化されていると仮定することで,(4) の発現機序が説明可能になることを述べた。

著者

Akira S. Hirao Atsushi Kumata Toshihito Takagi Yoshito Sasaki Takashi Shigihara Eiichi Kimura Shingo Kaneko

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MYC570, (Released:2022-05-20)

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Pholiota microspora (“nameko” in Japanese) is one of the most common edible mushrooms, especially in Japan, where sawdust-based cultivation is the most dominant method accounting for 99% of the production. The current strains for sawdust cultivation in Japan are considered to have been derived from a single wild strain collected from Fukushima, Japan, implying that commercial nameko mushrooms are derived from a severe genetic bottleneck. We tested this single founder hypothesis by developing 14 microsatellite markers for P. microspora to evaluate the genetic diversity of 50 cultivars and 73 wild strains isolated from across Japan. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated that sawdust-cultivated strains from Japan were significantly less genetically diverse than the wild strains, and the former displayed a significant bottleneck signature. Analyzing the genetic relationships among all genotypes also revealed that the sawdust-cultivated samples clustered into one monophyletic subgroup. Moreover, the sawdust-cultivated samples in Japan were more closely related than full-sibs. These results were consistent with the single founder hypothesis that suggests that all commercial nameko mushrooms produced in Japan are descendants of a single ancestor. Therefore, we conclude that cultivated P. microspora originated from a single domestication event that substantially reduced the diversity of commercial nameko mushrooms in Japan.

著者

池田 貴儀

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.8, pp.428-440, 2010 (Released:2010-11-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

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本稿は,これまでの灰色文献をめぐる動向について灰色文献の現状と課題の整理を行いながら,論考するものである。特に,インターネットの普及は,資料の多くが電子化されWeb上で公開される機会が増加するという流通の面だけでなく,灰色文献の範囲や灰色文献そのものの在り方にも大きな変化をもたらしつつある。本稿ではまず,灰色文献の概略を説明し,その特徴,定義,範囲について整理する。加えて,灰色文献国際会議における議論を中心とした世界的な灰色文献の動向について触れる。最後に,灰色文献への現場の取り組みとして日本原子力研究開発機構図書館の事例について,紹介する。

著者

古林 万木夫 谷内 昇一郎 田辺 創一

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.2, pp.96-101, 2005-02-15 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3 3

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大豆と小麦は醤油の主原料である。そのうち小麦はアレルギー物質を含む食品として表示が義務づけられている。大豆は義務表示ではなく推奨となっている。筆者らはこれまで全く解明されなかった醤油中の小麦アレルゲンについて測定法を確立し, 製造工程の各段階・原料比の変更等様々な場面を想定して小麦アレルゲンの消失を確認している。その詳細を解説していただいた。大いに参考になるであろう。

著者

藤田 晃子

出版者

Brewing Society of Japan

雑誌

日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.5, pp.271-279, 2011 (Released:2016-11-15)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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酒が充分にない頃は酒が飲めるというだけでも喜びであったはずだが,誰と飲むか,どこで飲むかを気にすることが多くなり,酒の種類が増えてくると,売り場のPOPをはじめ何の料理ではどの酒ということが情報として必要とされている。酒と料理の相性に関する研究は,まだ始まったばかりであり幅広い方に興味を持っていただき,様々なアプローチが行われればと思う。

著者

安川 宏紀

出版者

The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers

雑誌

日本造船学会論文集 (ISSN:05148499)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.186, pp.1-6, 1999 (Released:2009-09-04)

参考文献数

11

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A hull form improvement method is presented using Genetic Algorithm in conjunction with Rankine source method based on a wave resistance theory for modified hull. By means of the present method, improvement of fore ship form is introduced for Series 60 (Cb =0.6) hull. As a result, the wave resistance is reduced about 25% at Fn=0.3 by modifying the original form to bulb-like bow shape. We found that GA improves the estimation accuracy of the optimum hull form.

著者

坂井 堅太郎 松岡 葵 牛山 優 下田 妙子 上田 伸男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.11, pp.1176-1181, 1998-11-30 (Released:2017-02-10)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

4

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鶏卵の卵白中のオボムコイド(OM)は, 他の卵白タンパク質に比較してアレルゲン活性が最も高く, 加熱により凝固しない特徴を持っている.鶏卵を15分間沸騰水浴中で作成したゆで卵の卵黄をOMに対する特異抗体を用いたイムノブロットとELISAにより分析したところ, OMは加熱凝固卵白の水溶性成分として卵黄側へ拡散・浸透していることを認めた.卵黄中のOMは, ゆで卵作成直後で卵黄1g当たり4.8±0.8μgと定量された.ゆで卵を室温に120分間放置したゆで卵から取り出した卵黄中のOMは卵黄1g当たり78.8±31.3μgと定量され, ゆで卵作成直後の16.4倍であった.加熱凝固卵白水溶性画分のOMとタンパク質量は, それぞれ14.2±11.9mg/mlと37.7±3.2mg/mlと定量され, OMは全タンパク質量の約40%を占めていた.ゆで卵の作成により卵白中のOMが卵黄側へ拡散・浸透することは避けられないと思われるが, アレルゲン性の強いOMの感作をできるだけ回避するには, 長時間放置したゆで卵の卵黄を使用するのは望ましくないであろう.