著者

七原 俊也

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.5, pp.645-652, 2009-05-01 (Released:2009-05-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

7 13

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Wind power provokes increasing concerns on its impacts on a power system as many wind power generators have been integrated to a power system. One of the concerns is a challenge to keep supply-and-demand balance in a power system.Battery energy storage systems (BESS) installed at a wind farm are considered as a promising option for the challenge. Two types of operation strategies were proposed for its operation: fluctuation mitigation and scheduled output types. On the other hand, in order to constitute an economical BESS, selecting battery size as small as possible is vital. However, for the scheduled output operation, no study has been published both on the required battery size and on a methodology to examine the size.This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the required kWh capacity of battery for the scheduled output operation using accumulated prediction error of a wind farm. The methodology evaluates a standard deviation of accumulated prediction error with autocovariance functions of prediction error. Based upon the statistical characteristics obtained for actual prediction error of wind power, the paper presents results of a sample study to show the effectiveness of the methodology.

著者

Motohisa Suzuki Mayumi Suzuki Kazunori Sato Sekiko Dohi Takashi Sato Akihiro Matsuura Atsushi Hiraide

出版者

The Japanese Pharmacological Society

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN:00215198)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.2, pp.143-150, 2001 (Released:2001-11-05)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

76 121

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Although improving energy metabolism in ischemic brain has been accepted for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, administration of glucose, as an energy substrate, would aggravate ischemic brain damage via activating anaerobic glycolysis, which leads to lactate accumulation. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is one of the ketone bodies that can be utilized as an energy source during starvation. The purpose of our study was to define the protective effects of BHB on brain damage induced by hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia. The isotonic solution of BHB administered 30 min before the induction of ischemia at doses over 50 mg · k g −1 · h −1 showed remarkable protective effects against hypoxia and anoxia. BHB administered immediately after a bilateral carotid artery ligation at a dose of 30 mg · kg−1 · h −1 significantly suppressed the elevation of cerebral water and sodium contents as well as maintaining high ATP and low lactate levels. In contrast, glycerin, a hypertonic agent, substantially reduced the water content but did not show any significant effect on other parameters. We demonstrated that BHB, unlike glycerin, when used as an energy substrate in ischemic brain, has protective effects on cerebral hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia-induced metabolic change.

著者

Shin-ichi Todoroki

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE Electronics Express (ISSN:13492543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.23, pp.1978-1982, 2011 (Released:2011-12-10)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 7

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The propagation threshold power through a white tight-buffered single-mode optical fiber was found to be 3% less than that through a transparent acrylate-coated fiber. This is because the white pigments in the buffer layer backscatter the visible emission that pumps a fiber fuse. Namely, the backscattered light is absorbed by the thermal decomposition product SiO in the glass melt surrounding the traveling plasma. This self-pumping effect was revealed by comparing the void trains left in fiber segments coated with white or black oil paint. This threshold reduction compels us to re-examine the power tolerance design of optical networks and fiber fuse terminators.

著者

Malte SCHWARTZ Karen R. MUÑANA Natasha J. OLBY

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.11, pp.1505-1508, 2011 (Released:2011-12-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

19 28

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A 9-year old female spayed Rottweiler was diagnosed with cryptogenic epilepsy and started on zonisamide monotherapy (8.3 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hr). Three weeks after the 1st dose of zonisamide the dog presented for vomiting, inappetence and icterus. Serum biochemistry showed marked elevation of liver enzymes, consistent with hepatocellular damage and cholestasis. No underlying cause for liver disease was identified and a drug-induced hepatopathy was suspected. Zonisamide was discontinued and replaced by potassium bromide. Supportive therapy consisted of intravenous fluids, antiemetics, antibiotics and hepatoprotectants. The dog made a complete recovery and serial serum biochemical examinations showed complete normalisation of liver parameters 8 weeks after discontinuation of zonisamide. Based on a human Drug-induced Liver Injury Diagnostic Scale, the likelihood for zonisamide-induced hepatopathy was classified as "possible". Veterinary practitioners and owners should be educated about the potential for an idiosyncratic drug reaction to zonisamide. If signs of hepatotoxicity are recognised early and zonisamide is discontinued, complete recovery is possible.

著者

Bo-Ram LEE Su-Hyung LEE Hyekyung LEE Hyunwook KIM Dae-Yong KIM Jihye CHOI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.11, pp.1473-1476, 2011 (Released:2011-12-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

5 7

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A 14-year-old, mixed breed dog was presented with acute pain and paresis of the hindlimbs. Ultrasonography revealed an intraluminal mass and an abrupt halt of blood flow signal in the distal abdominal aorta. The mass had homogeneous hyperechoic echotexture compared with blood flow. Although clinical presentation suggested a thromboembolism and pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism was suspected as a predisposing cause based on adrenal function tests and ultrasonography, an aortic chondrosarcoma originating from the distal abdominal aorta was diagnosed with histologic examination. Primary aortic sarcoma is extremely rare, and extraskeletal chondrosarcoma is only reported in 2 cases previously. Aortic neoplasm should be included in differential diagnosis when an intraluminal aortic mass is observed on ultrasonography and acute paresis of hindlimbs is shown.

著者

七條 達弘 西本 真弓

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.229-236, 2003-09-30 (Released:2009-01-20)

参考文献数

14

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近年、我が国では少子化が急速に進行している。国立社会保障・人口問題研究所の『日本の将来推計人口―平成13(2001)~62(2050)年―』(2002)では、出生力低下の主な原因として、有配偶率の低下に加え、若い世代の夫婦における出生児数の減少が新たに認められている。 そこで本稿では、若い世代の夫婦がどのような要因により子供数を決定するのかについて明らかにすることを分析目的としている。推定には、総務省統計局が1996年に実施した『平成8年 社会生活基本調査』のうち、妻が20歳以上40歳未満のサンプルを用い、若い世代の夫婦において子供数を減少させる要因について考察する。 推定結果から、若い世代の夫婦が、非就業あるいは就業時間が比較的短い母親と同居している場合に子供数が多くなる傾向があることが示された。よって、家事や育児に関する外部サービスの充実が子供数上昇を促すと考えられる。

著者

宇佐美 真一 工 穣 鈴木 伸嘉 茂木 英明 宮川 麻衣子 西尾 信哉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳科学会

雑誌

Otology Japan (ISSN:09172025)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.151-155, 2010 (Released:2011-11-30)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

10 8

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低音域に残存聴力を有する高度感音難聴患者に対し人工内耳埋め込み術を施行した。症例は60歳女性。40歳頃から難聴を自覚した。50 歳頃からは右耳の補聴器の装用効果が認められなくなった。この症例にMED-EL社人工内耳(COMBI 40+:standard電極)埋め込み術を行った。電極挿入は、より低侵襲な正円窓からのアプローチにより行った。全電極を挿入したにもかかわらず、挿入後の低音部聴力が保存できた。残存聴力の保存が確認できたため、Electric acoustic stimulation用のスピーチプロセッサであるDUET®を用い、低音部は補聴器、高音部は人工内耳により音情報を送り込んだ。8ヶ月後の語音弁別能を評価した結果、術前15%であった最高明瞭度が50%にまで改善が認められ、日本語の聴取においても有用であることが明らかとなった。

著者

齋藤 信房 國分 信英 垣花 秀武

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

日本化學雜誌 (ISSN:03695387)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.131-133, 1950-02-10 (Released:2009-02-05)

参考文献数

8

著者

東條 友紀子 山田 深 門馬 博 前田 直 石田 幸平 松本 由美 栗田 浩樹 西山 和利 岡島 康友 山口 芳裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会

雑誌

理学療法学Supplement Vol.35 Suppl. No.2 (第43回日本理学療法学術大会 抄録集)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.B1137, 2008 (Released:2008-05-13)

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【はじめに】 当院は2006年5月に脳卒中センターを開設し、初期治療と平行して発症早期からのリハビリテーション(以下、リハビリ)を積極的に行う脳卒中ユニットケアの実践に取り組んでいる。診療チームにおける理学療法士の重要な役割の一つとして、患者のADLに関する予後を早い段階から見通し、介入方針を決定することが求められるが、急性期からの予後予測モデルに確立されたものはない。今回、入院時の重症度から群分けを行い、退院時のADLを予測する方法を検討したので報告する。【対象】 2006年5月から2007年6月までに当センターに入院しリハビリを行った脳卒中患者のうち、死亡退院および入院期間が1週間以内であったものを除く332名(平均年齢71.8±12.6歳、男性196名、女性136名、平均在院日数29.7±19.2日、リハビリ開始まで平均1.45±1.36日)。【方法】診療データベースを参照し、患者の年齢、入院時NIHSS、入退院時FIM、リハビリ開始までの日数、在院日数、転帰先を後方視的に調査した。対象を入院時NIHSSによって軽症例群(6点以下)、中等症群(7点以上14点未満)、重症例群(15点以上)の3群に分け,それぞれの調査項目を比較した。群間比較については一元配置分散分析を用い、有意水準を5%とした。【結果】 軽症例群、中等症、重症例群における平均在院日数はそれぞれ23.2±15.7、37.0±19.0、40.0±19.0日であり、軽症例群と中等症群間に有意差が認められた。FIM運動項目合計点はそれぞれ76.0±20.0、43.0±26.0、27.0±23.0点、認知項目合計点は31.6±6.0、22.0±11.0、13.0±9.4点で、いずれの得点も各群間で有意差が認められた。退院時FIM合計得点から入院時FIM合計得点を引いた差分(FIM利得)は各群で30.5±19.8、26.0±26.0、16.0±24.0点であり、重症例群は他の2群と比べ有意に低値であった。自宅退院率はそれぞれ61.5%、9.4%、10.1%であり、回復期リハビリ病院への転院は30.8%、54.7%、33.3%であった。【考察】 軽症例は入院期間においてほぼADLの自立が得られるが、リハビリの継続が必要となるものも少なからず存在することが示された。一方で重症例はリハビリ介入によるADLの改善が限られており、自宅への退院が困難であった。入院時NIHSSは退院時のADLや転帰先を予測する上で有用な指標になりうると考えられる。NIHSS得点とFIMの関係はこれまでにも報告がなされているが、大都市圏における急性期脳卒中ユニットとしての特性を踏まえた予後予測モデルとしての有用性が示唆された。

著者

門馬 綱一 西久保 勝己 高田 雅介 高橋 直樹 本間 千舟 長瀬 敏郎 工藤 康弘 池田 卓史

出版者

一般社団法人日本鉱物科学会

雑誌

日本鉱物科学会年会講演要旨集 日本鉱物科学会2008年年会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.107, 2008 (Released:2009-04-07)

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千葉県南房総市荒川から、メラノフロジャイトとは異なる骨格構造を持つシリカ包摂化合物を見出したので報告する。包摂化合物を産出したのは、新第三期前期中新世の保田層群中の砂岩・泥岩である。岩石の裂罅を一部、方解石脈や玉髄質の石英脈が充填しており、包摂化合物の結晶は石英脈中やその空隙中に見られる。結晶の大半は既に石英の仮晶に変化しているが、一部に新鮮な結晶が見られた。気体分子を除く組成は、主成分SiO2の他に、酸化物換算で約1wt%のAlと少量のNaを含む。何れの結晶もpseudo-merohedral双晶になっているため、粉末X線回折データのRietveld解析およびMEM解析を行った。結晶系は正方晶系で格子定数はa=13.7190(9), c=19.349(1)、骨格構造はMTN型に相当する。ラマン分光測定では、ケージ中に含まれるメタン分子のピークが確認された。

著者

小林 利彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.12, pp.1743-1744, 2011-12-01 (Released:2011-12-01)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

3 3

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In the 1990s, drug companies focused their resources on chemistry-based proprietary blockbuster compounds (small molecules) for chronic diseases that could bring in several billion dollars in a short period of time. Since then, the focus has turned to biologics (proteins/high MW molecules) such as anticancer agents, antibodies, and so on. Vaccines, in contrast, are a rather slow-growing market, administered only a few times per patient, low priced, and often undifferentiated. Due to the influenza scares of recent years, the above view has changed remarkably. According to some analysts, the annual growth of the current $2.2bn vaccine market will become almost 10 percent over the next 5 years. In 2009, Pfizer (US), in an effort to boost their small vaccine-related business, purchased Wyeth (US). In October 2010, Johnson & Johnson announced they were buying Crucell (Germany), the only vaccine maker who had remained independent. GSK (UK) holds the top spot in the vaccine market with a 25% share. Pfizer (US), Merck (US), Novartis (Switzerland), and Sanofi-Aventis (France) are next, while Johnson & Johnson has moved into the 6th position by purchasing Crucell. There is of course an essential therapeutic need for vaccines, however, why are major pharmaceutical companies now investing a significant amount of resources in the vaccine business? Vaccine development may take more time than that of small molecules, but they are less risky from an intellectual property standpoint, and complicated manufacturing processes create a high barrier to follow-on biologics/biosimilars. Also in Japan, since the recent influenza scares, there has been acceleration in movement and cooperation among industry and government, including lawmakers.

著者

Kenta YOSHIDA Yoshiteru SENGEN Shigeki TSUCHIYA Kouta MINAGAWA Tomoyuki KOBAYASHI Taketoshi MISHIMA Shinji OHSAWA Takao HIRAJIMA

出版者

Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences

雑誌

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences (ISSN:13456296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.3, pp.164-168, 2011 (Released:2011-07-05)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5 5

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A remarkably high Li/B ratio has been recognized from a crush-leached fluid extracted from a foliation-parallel quartz vein, IR27, intercalated with a pelitic schist in the northern proximal to the Western Iratsu body of the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, SW Japan. Thin section observation shows that most quartz grains in the vein are polygonal and rarely show the undulatory extinction. These facts suggest that the quartz grains in the vein could be recrystallized under relatively high-T condition with the stress free environment, and that these fluid inclusions could be trapped during the peak metamorphic stage. Most fluid inclusions in the investigated sample are composed of liquid and vapor. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the liquid phase is aqueous fluid and the vapor is mainly a mixture of CH4 and N2. Their ice melting temperatures determined by microthermometry, ranging from -3.5 to -7.1 °C, show a striking contrast against the data of the fluid inclusions in later stage veins, ranging from -0.6 to -1.7 °C. However, the homogenization temperatures of IR27 are much lower than the peak metamorphic temperature of the host pelitic schist. The partition coefficients between the host rock and released fluid (Drock/fluid) calculated from P-T pseudosection show that DBrock/fluid tends to be higher than DLirock/fluid in a pelitic system, because of generally high modes of white mica in pelitic schists. The calculation suggests that the crush-leached fluid obtained from the quartz vein intercalated with the pelitic schist has higher Li/B ratio than fluids of those intercalated with the metabasite.

著者

志田 基与師

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.2_37-2_50, 1990-11-01 (Released:2009-03-31)

参考文献数

17

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「ハムレット」を社会学的に読みといてみよう。社会学者が「ハムレット」の世界にかんするモノグラフを読んだなら、あるいはその世界を訪れたなら、それをどう分析するだろうか。「ハムレット」の世界を規範・役割・地位の体系を備えた制度とみなして分析することにより、その特質を明らかにするだろう。そうすると、ハムレットは弱々しい悩める貴公子でもなく、衝動的な性格の持ち主でもなく、まして分裂した人格の持ち主でもないことが明らかになる。それどころか、「ハムレット」は復讐劇ですらなく、デンマーク王国の危機と再生の物語であり、主人公ハムレットの役割はそのための殉教者であることが明らかになってくる。

著者

橋本 健一 飯島 和子 小川 賢一

出版者

日本応用動物昆虫学会

雑誌

日本応用動物昆虫学会誌 (ISSN:00214914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.201-206, 2008-11-25 (Released:2009-03-18)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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The photoperiodic response curve for pupal diapause induction of the white cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval was determined in several populations of the Japan Archipelago. Larvae were reared under different photoperiods ranging from 8L16D to 16L8D at 20±0.5°C. The critical photoperiods for pupal diapause induction were 14 h 40 min for the Iwamizawa population (43°10′N), 13 h 15 min for the Sendai population (38°15′N), 13 h 10 min for the Nagaoka population (37°23′N), 12 h 08 min for the Okayama population (34°39′N), 11 h 50 min for the Matsuyama (33°50′N) and Kagoshima (31°35′N) populations and 11 h 15 min for the Naze population (28°23′N). The critical photoperiod increases as latitude increases. This result suggests that adaptation to a cool climate in a higher latitude region shifts the critical photoperiod for pupal diapause induction towards a longer range. The developmental zero for the larval stage in the Sapporo (43°03′N) and Matsuyama populations was calculated as 9.8°C and 9.6°C for the larval stage, respectively. These results are discussed in relation to seasonal adaptation for each population.

著者

Stephen Marsh Pamela Briggs Khalil El-Khatib Babak Esfandiari John A. Stewart

出版者

Information Processing Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.231-252, 2011 (Released:2011-07-06)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 8

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Device Comfort is a concept that uses an enhanced notion of trust to allow a personal (likely mobile) device to better reason about the state of interactions and actions between it, its owner, and the environment. This includes allowing a better understanding of how to manage information in fine-grained context as well as addressing the personal security of the user. To do this, it forms a unique relationship with the user, focusing on the device's judgment of user in context. This paper introduces and defines Device Comfort, including an examination of what makes up the comfort of a device in terms of trust and other considerations, and discusses the uses of such an approach. It also presents some ongoing developmental work in the concept, and an initial formal model of Device Comfort, its makeup and behaviour.

著者

板川 暢 片桐 由希子 一ノ瀬 友博 大澤 啓志 石川 幹子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.431-436, 2010 (Released:2011-07-22)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 3

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A study was conducted on Orthoptera (Acrididae, Tettigoniidae, Gryllidae) in 56 sites of reclaimed land of Kanazawa District, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture through May to October of 2008. 28 species and 1941 individuals were recorded during this study. By using TWINSPAN and partitioning, classifications of the Orthoptera and study sites were made based on the results of this study. Also we investigated concerning vegetation, soil, distance from original land,and area coverd with vagetation around field as environmental factors. The study sites were sorted into 5 groups and the Orthoptera were sorted into 4 groups by using TWINSPAN. Based on 5 study site groups, partitioning analysis was conducted.Results suggest vegetation height, coverings of evergreens and deciduous trees of middle to high height, and distance from original land are related to Orthoptera inhabitation. However, it has not been clearly understood the distance from original land was selected as explanatory variable. A further verification is necessary because of the possibility that area coverd with vegetation around the field is related was suggested.

著者

榛沢 和彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本血栓止血学会

雑誌

日本血栓止血学会誌 (ISSN:09157441)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.39-44, 2008 (Released:2008-03-25)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

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Point1)深部静脈血栓症(DVT),特にヒラメ筋静脈血栓は日本人でも多い.2)DVT検査法のゴールドスタンダードは下肢静エコーと造影CTである.3)大腿静脈は臥位で,下腿静脈は座位でエコー検査する.4)静脈血栓の診断は血栓陰影の有無と圧迫法で確認する.5)ヒラメ筋静脈血栓は非生理的状態で急速進展し肺塞栓症の原因になる.6)器質化したDVTは慢性反復性となり非生理的状態で肺塞栓症の原因になる.

著者

長島 未央子

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.279-286, 2011 (Released:2011-07-12)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 3

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Relation between oxidative stress and antioxidant status during long-lasted endurance exercise at moderate intensity is not clear. The purpose of the study was to examine changes of oxidative stress and antioxidant status during 3 hours endurance exercise at intensity of 70% heart rate reserve (70%HRR) in well-trained cyclists. Eight college cyclists participated in this study after giving the informed consent. They performed a steady-state exercise that corresponded to HR of approximately 145 bpm for 3 hours on a cycle ergometer in a laboratory. Blood samples were taken at 5 time points: before exercise (Pre), at 1 hour (Ex 1h), 2 hours (Ex 2h), 3 hours (Ex 3h) during exercise and 1 hour after exercise ( Post 1h), to analyze the oxidative stress, the antioxidant status, plasma vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) concentrations. The oxidative stress and antioxidant status were determined by using the FRAS4 analyzer. The oxidative stress (d-ROM) did not change during and after exercise. However, the antioxidant status (BAP) and the plasma VC concentration were significantly higher in Ex 1h, Ex 2h, Ex 3h and Post 1h compared with Pre. On the other hand, no changes were found in the plasma VE concentration during and after exercise. In conclusion, endurance exercise for 3 hours at the intensity of 70%HRR increased the plasma antioxidant level, and this increase may contribute to inhibit exercise-induced oxidative stress in well-trained cyclists. We suggest that regular endurance training might improve the antioxidant status in trained athletes.

著者

Tomoya Tsukazaki Osamu Nureki

出版者

日本生物物理学会

雑誌

BIOPHYSICS (ISSN:13492942)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.129-133, 2011 (Released:2011-11-30)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

6

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Protein transport across membranes is a fundamental and essential cellular activity in all organisms. In bacteria, protein export across the cytoplasmic membrane, driven by dynamic interplays between the protein-conducting SecYEG channel (Sec translocon) and the SecA ATPase, is enhanced by the proton motive force (PMF) and a membrane-integrated Sec component, SecDF. However, the structure and function of SecDF have remained unclear. We solved the first crystal structure of SecDF, consisting of a pseudo-symmetrical 12-helix transmembrane domain and two protruding periplasmic domains. Based on the structural features, we proposed that SecDF functions as a membrane-integrated chaperone, which drives protein movement without using the major energetic currency, ATP, but with remarkable cycles of conformational changes, powered by the proton gradient across the membrane. By a series of biochemical and biophysical approaches, several functionally important residues in the transmembrane region have been identified and our model of the SecDF function has been verified.

著者

Hirofumi Nobukuni Takuya Kamimura Hidemitsu Uno Yuichi Shimazaki Yoshinori Naruta Fumito Tani

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1111210384-1111210384, (Released:2011-11-29)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

13

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Cyclic nickel and free-base porphyrin dimers (Ni2-CPDPy and H4-CPDPy) include fullerene C70 both in solution and in the crystals. Based on the 13C NMR spectra in solution, the included C70 molecule inside the cavity of Ni2-CPDPy shows both end-on and side-on orientations, whereas the C70 molecule within H4-CPDPy has only a side-on orientation toward the porphyrin rings. X-ray crystallography revealed both “end-on” and “side-on” orientations of C70 in the crystal structure of the inclusion complex of Ni2-CPDPy and C70. This is the first example of an X-ray crystallographic determination for an end-on orientation of C70 cocrystallized with porphyrins. On the other hand, only a side-on orientation of C70 was observed in the crystal structure of the complex of H4-CPDPy and C70. Further, a zigzag array of C70 molecules through van der Waals contacts with each other is formed along the monoclinic b axis in the latter crystal.