著者
松本 (向山) 晴美 妻鹿 絢子 小林 豊子
出版者
The Japan Society of Home Economics
雑誌
家政学雑誌 (ISSN:04499069)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.7, pp.613-617, 1979-08-20 (Released:2010-03-09)
参考文献数
12

有機酸塩によるゲル形成能の低下抑制作用について, その分子量的変化を生成還元糖の測定, ゲル濾過法などにより検討し, 以下の結果を得た.1) 寒天の加水分解により生成される還元糖量は, 溶解寒天液に供試液を添加後, 加熱しない場合には, 供試液組成と関係なくわずかで, いずれもゲル形成能の喪失は認められなかった.しかし, 供試液添加後加熱した場合には, その加熱時間の経過に伴い, 還元糖量が増加したが, この傾向は1%次いで0.68%クエン酸溶液添加において, とくに顕著であった.これに対し, クエン酸にクエン酸カリウムを添加した試料の還元糖量は, 対照として用いた水とほぼ等しく低い値であった.2) 生成還元糖量のごくわずかな増減がゲル形成能に影響するため, ゲル濾過法を用いて, 寒天のゲル形成能と分子量との関係について検討を行った結果, ゲル形成能の喪失は寒天の高分子レベルでの加水分解によるわずかな分子変化によることが明らかとなった.3) クエン酸による寒天の加水分解は, 加熱時間および濃度の上昇に伴い, しだいに低分子物質への分解が促進されるが, クエン酸カリウムの添加はこれを抑制した.
著者
林 一馬
出版者
建築史学会
雑誌
建築史学 (ISSN:02892839)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, pp.75-110, 1997 (Released:2018-08-19)
著者
小林 信彦 Nobuhiko KOBAYASHI
雑誌
桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.2, pp.35-50, 2000-01-24

In ancient India, the Buddhist samgha as a self-governing community maintained order by means of its own law called "vinaya." Violators were punished according to vinaya. On the other hand, all Buddhists, whether monks or laymen, were expected to follow particular customs called "sila." Unlike vinaya, this was not compulsory and did not carry penalties. In Japan far away from the original land of Buddhism, no one paid attention to the distinction between vinaya and sila, because temples were the apparatus of government and there was no samgha to be governed by vinaya. Under such circumstances, Saicho (766-822) openly repudiated vinaya and replaced it with sila. From that time down to this day, the Japanese have been convinced that the essence of true Buddhism consists in the repudiation of vinaya.
著者
小林 好信 水上 勝義
出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.6, pp.373-382, 2021-12-01 (Released:2021-11-18)
参考文献数
50

The purpose of this study is to clarify psychological factors related to recovery from sports injuries in judo and track and field. A questionnaire survey was conducted with male and female university judo players (n=944) and track and field athletes (n=645), who were identified using the snowball sampling. The questionnaire included the following items; the state of sports injuries, individual traits, coping resources, health related issues, stress responses and emotional supports. The questionnaire was conducted twice within a one year interval. Responses of participants with sports injuries were analyzed in the first survey (judo: n=190, track and field: n=111). Psychological factors in the recovery group and the non-recovery group were compared between the first and second survey and between groups by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. In judo, there was a main effect between the groups of interpersonal dependency, stress responses “irritability-anger” and health management confidence (p< .05). In addition, there was an interaction effect between acquired resilience and emotional support from coaches (p< .05). In track and field, there was a main effect between the groups of stress responses “depression-anxiety” and “helplessness”, and between the time point of interpersonal dependency (p< .05). The results of this study suggested that while there were similarities in psychological factors between judo and track and field, the effects differed based on the type of sport, and that measures appropriate to the type of sport were required for psychological support when returning to the sport.
著者
林 青司
出版者
一般社団法人 日本物理学会
雑誌
日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.7, pp.419-421, 2023-07-05 (Released:2023-07-05)

PTEPの最近の注目論文から
著者
中田 弘子 三輪 早苗 田淵 知世 小林 宏光
出版者
日本生理人類学会
雑誌
日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.1, pp.9-16, 2018 (Released:2018-04-20)

This study aimed to use near infrared spectroscopy to demonstrate the effect of hand massages on cerebral activity. The subjects were 16 healthy female students between the ages of 18 and 40. All subjects were given 10-minute hand massages, primarily effleurage. During these sessions, prefrontal cortex oxy-hemoglobin concentrations (oxy-Hb) were continuously monitored and the results were compared with those of the control condition. Significantly lower oxy-Hb concentrations were recorded during the first five minutes of the massage session than that of the control condition. This suggests the possibility that a hand massage of about five minutes could be a patient care method that calms the activity of the prefrontal cortex and obtains a subjective relaxation effect.
著者
竹林 幹人 瀬谷 創 村田 祥之
出版者
応用地域学会
雑誌
応用地域学研究 (ISSN:1880960X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2023, no.27, pp.1-16, 2024-03-31 (Released:2023-06-30)
参考文献数
22

本研究では、戦後の新幹線駅の新設が市区町村人口に与えた個別の処置効果をSynthetic Control Methodにより分析し、以下のことが示された。第一に、新幹線開業の効果は正負が混在する。第二に、処置効果は開業時の人口と正の相関を持つ。第三に、処置効果は経年的に、特に1980年代以降弱まっている。第四に、処置効果は現在の政令指定都市からの距離の増加に対して急激に弱まる傾向にあるが、減少は単調ではない。本研究は、Difference in Differences法や操作変数法によって分析された交通インフラ投資の効果計測に関する研究を補完するものである。
著者
竹林 正樹 後藤 励
出版者
日本健康教育学会
雑誌
日本健康教育学会誌 (ISSN:13402560)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.2, pp.68-74, 2023-05-31 (Released:2023-06-22)
参考文献数
38

本稿は,健康支援関係者に向け,行動経済学やナッジの原理を概説することを目的とする.経済学は,人・物・金といった限られたリソースをどのように配分すると満足度を高めることができるのかを分析する学問である.伝統的経済学では,目的達成のために手立てを整えてベストを尽くす「合理的経済人」をモデルとする.行動経済学は,健康の大切さを頭でわかっていても認知バイアスの影響で望ましい行動ができないような「ヒューマン」を対象とする.ナッジは行動経済学から派生した行動促進手法で,認知バイアスの特性に沿ってヒューマンを望ましい行動へと促す設計である.ナッジが行動を後押しできるのは,認知バイアスには一定の系統性があり,ヒューマンの反応が一定の確率で予測できるからである.ナッジは他の介入に比べて費用対効果が高く,ナッジの中でも「デフォルト変更」に高い効果が報告されている.一方で,ナッジは行動変容を継続させるほどの効果は期待できないことや,日本での研究が少ないことといった限界がある.ナッジはヒューマンの自動システムに働きかける介入であり,倫理的配慮が求められる.介入設計に当たってはスラッジ(選択的アーキテクチャーの要素のうち,選択をする当人の利益を得にくくする摩擦や障害を含む全ての要素)になる可能性がないかを入念に検討する必要がある.
著者
田中 宏和 宮澤 英樹 林 清永 峯村 俊一 倉科 憲治 栗田 浩
出版者
公益社団法人 日本口腔外科学会
雑誌
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.10, pp.581-586, 2014-10-20 (Released:2015-07-17)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1 2

The number of patients attacked by bears has been rising recently because the opportunity to encounter wild bears has increased. Bear attacks usually focus on the head and neck areas, and the attack sometimes causes fatal injuries.We report two cases of multiple facial lacerations and mandibular bone comminuted fractures caused by a bear attack.A 70-year-old man and a 60-year-old man were attacked by a black bear while mushroom picking. They sustained mandibular bone comminuted fractures with deep lacerations of the face. They were brought to our emergency room. Their lives were saved by immediate surgery. In addition, it was necessary to provide preventative measures against infection.
著者
藤田 真浩 長尾 貴正 石川 翔吾 竹林 洋一
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第26回全国大会(2012)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2L1R121, 2012 (Released:2018-07-30)

人間の思考を説明する際には、意識、感情、意図といった抽象的なスーツケースワードを用いることが多い。しかし、それらが何であるかを表現することは困難であり、学生にとってはなおさらである。そこで、筆者らはEmotion Machineの内容を図として可視化することによって、抽象的な言葉の理解と共有を図った。本発表では、筆者らが可視化させるまでのプロセスを紹介すると共に、その効果の検討を行う。
著者
佐藤 秀樹 前田 正治 小林 智之 竹林 唯
出版者
一般社団法人 日本健康心理学会
雑誌
Journal of Health Psychology Research (ISSN:21898790)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.211104167, (Released:2022-08-30)
参考文献数
29

This study used text mining and examined workers’ psychosocial burdens caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Employees in the Fukushima Branch of the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (RENGO Fukushima) and related workplaces responded to a web-based questionnaire survey. The survey inquired about psychosocial burdens caused by COVID-19, and the participants responded using a free-text format. We analyzed the responses of 215 respondents. Logistic regression analysis indicated a stronger association between female workers and severe psychological distress than male workers. In addition, correspondence analysis showed that workers with severe psychological distress used more words related to “income” and more first-personal pronouns such as “I” or “we.” In contrast, women with college-age children used more words related to “online college courses,” “burdens,” and “anxiety.” These results suggest that female workers with children experience significant stresses associated with their children, and workers with severe psychological distress experience psychosocial burdens related to their income.
著者
木下 四郎 渡辺 久 米良 豊常 北村 滋 小林 誠 長田 豊 和泉 雄一 小鷲 悠典 野口 俊英 石川 烈
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本歯周病学会
雑誌
日本歯周病学会会誌 (ISSN:03850110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.3, pp.509-517, 1981-09-28 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
3 4

Maintenance phase is the most important stage in terms of the patient's continued oral health. Whether periodontal therapy succeeds or not depends on his plaque control.O'Leary et al. (1972) has devised “Plaque Control Record” and noted that goal in teaching oral hygiene procedures was to reduce plaque accumulations until they were found on 10 percent or less of the available tooth surfaces.The purpose of this study was to investigate appropriate level of plaque control in order to maintain periodontal health at the maintenance phase using the plaque control record.36 patients who had been recieved periodontal therapy at our department and visited hospital for periodic recall were investigated. Oral hygiene status and periodontal tissue condition of these patients were evaluated by the plaque control record, oral hygiene index, gingival index and pocket depth. In addition, oral photographs of the patients were taken.The results obtained were as follows:1. It seemed to be very difficult that patients maintained at the level of 10 percent or less of plaque control record at the maintenance phase.2. The patients, who showed the level of teen to twenty percent of plaque control records, exhibited clinically no inflammation at their gingiva and did not recur the deepening of periodontal pockets.3. At the thirty percent of plaque control record, edematous gingiva was observed. When the level of plaque control reached to forty clinically inflammatory change was evident.4. It was found that the plaque was retained more at the mandibule than the maxilla, on the left than the right, at the mesiodistal surfaces than the buccolingual and at the mesial aspects than the distal.
著者
藤澤 和謙 桃木 昌平 山本 清仁 小林 晃 青山 成康
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
応用力学論文集 (ISSN:13459139)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.385-394, 2006-08-25 (Released:2010-06-04)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
3 2

Studied herein is theoretical mechanism of the failure of an embankment caused by overflowing from a reservoir. An experiment has been conducted to observe the phenomenon, and the theory of the mechanism has been developed on the basis of the erosion and the stability of the slope subjected to the erosion. Shallow water equation considering the slope angle has been used to describe the erosion, and Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion has been applied to the stability analysis. The results allow the surface profile and the erosional speed to be determined as functions of imposed parameters. At the end of this paper, we have discussed the scope of application, and examined the theory by an additional experiment.