著者

岡本 仁宏

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.1_11-1_48, 2011 (Released:2016-02-24)

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The word “国民”, ‘kokumin’, is used too much without a close examination and this word should be abandoned in many contexts, even not all.   The use of “国民” is almost pervasive in Japanese political and legal discourses. “国” means the state or the country, and “民” means the people. Usually “国民” can be translated to “the people” or “the nation”.   Historically “国民主権”, national sovereignty, was used for substitute of the popular sovereignty to make obscure which has sovereign, the Emperor or the people. In the Constitution of Japan, “We, the Japanese people,” is translated to “日本国民”, which can mean Japanese nationals or Japanese nation. It is not easy to change the constitution, however, the ambiguous “国民” should not be used as much as possible or at least should be interpreted as the people “人民” and as including all the people who live long enough under Japanese sovereignty.   As EU conceptualized EU citizenship, many countries have been forced to redefine each concept of nationality and citizenship. Japan has a large number of non-citizens residents, which include Koreans who lost Japanese nationality in 1952. Recently voting rights of those people in local elections has become one of the big political issues. We argue that separation of citizenship and nationality is necessary for not only living with those people but also constructing multi-layer political units with each level of citizenship. “国民”, the national people, as the subject of the sovereign should be transformed to “人民”, the people, constituted with “市民”, citizens, of course, who do not mean exclusively the national citizens.   国民, and maybe “nation” also, is the concept of the modern, the historical stage dominated by sovereign nation-states. We should scrutinize necessity of these words carefully for the emerging next stage.

著者

廣田 龍平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本民俗学会

雑誌

日本民俗学 (ISSN:04288653)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.308, pp.39-55, 2021-11-30 (Released:2023-08-02)

参考文献数

76

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This article examines the ontological function of a body technique called matanozoki, which is found sporadically in the Japanese archipelago in modern times. Matanozoki is a posture of bending oneʼs body and looking backward from between the legs, corresponding to what is labeled in the Motif-Index of Folk-Literature as D1821.3.3.: “magic sight by looking under oneʼs legs.” This article also takes another magical posture called sodenozoki (D1821.3.1., “magic sight by looking under arm”) as having the same ontological function since there is structural isomorphism with matanozoki. Through matanozoki or sodenozoki, one can discover that ships or human beings could actually be a host of ghosts of the drowned or mysterious foxes or other yōkai (mysterious nonhuman beings), or that yōkai that trying to hide their actual bodies with magic could be there. Furthermore, there is a modern folk belief that an infant doing matanozoki is a sign of its motherʼs pregnancy, indicating that matanozoki enables infants to see the near future. Quite similar beliefs that demons and future spouses can be glimpsed between the legs can also be found in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa.   Tsunemitsu Toru claims that what one sees by matanozoki is the other world. However, a closer look at the cases collected by Tsunemitsu and others shows that in some cases, matanozoki enables a person to restore his/her normal sight. These cases imply that the person involved had already been transformed into an abnormal being by mischievous yōkai with their mysterious power. Adopting the anthropological theory of perspectivism, this article proposes a hypothesis that many peoples consider matanozoki (D1821.3.3.) as a switch between normal human sight and mysterious nonhuman sight. Assuming that matanozoki reverses the ontological relationship between the world and the human body, this hypothesis can possibly provide a consistent explanation to various cases of matanozoki, including similar cases in other countries.

著者

Koji MUROFUSHI Shinji Sakurai Koji Umegaki Kazutoshi Kobayashi

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.116-128, 2005 (Released:2008-01-23)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

13 17

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The aim of this study was to compare the radius of curvature and the estimated head speed as measured by sensors attached to a hammer with those calculated by video image analysis. The participant was the Japanese record holder(83m47). He threw a hammer with sensors which measured the force exerted along the length of the hammer cable using a tension meter made of a metal plate to which strain gauges were affixed, and the angular velocity perpendicular to the hammer cable using two IC accelerometers whose axes were aligned together with the hammer cable. The radius and speed obtained using the sensors were similar to those obtained from video analysis in values, but were slightly out of phase. This is because measuring the angular velocity by sensors eliminates translational motion and only produces results for rotational motion. The length of time required to obtain these results was shortened by the use of a hammer with sensors. Therefore, the system using sensors attached to a hammer will enable athletes and coaches to interpret the data about each throw while it is still fresh in their minds.

著者

宇都木 昭

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.106-115, 2017-08-30 (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

59

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This study reviews the two types of tonal change recently found in contemporary Seoul Korean. The first is the emergence of tones according to the onset at the initial syllable of the accentual phrase. This phenomenon synchronizes the overlapping process of Voice Onset Time (VOT) distribution between lax and aspirated obstruents. Several previous studies have indicated that this dialect is in the middle stage of tonogenesis. The second type of tonal change is the emergence of the H tone in the word il, meaning “one.” The present study examines the possibility of interpreting the two phenomena as lexical diffusion.

著者

佐藤 秀樹 土屋 政雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本認知・行動療法学会

雑誌

認知行動療法研究 (ISSN:24339075)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-005, (Released:2022-04-18)

参考文献数

15

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認知行動療法は目に見えない構成概念を測定する尺度の開発とともに発展してきた。患者報告式アウトカム尺度(Patient-Reported Outcome Measure: PROM)とは、患者の健康状態を患者自身の直接的な報告から情報を得て、修正や解釈を介さない尺度を指す。PROMの系統的レビューによってPROMの測定特性を理解することは、臨床や研究で測定したい概念に適したPROMを選ぶ場合などにも役立つ。本稿では、COSMIN(COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments)の方法論に基づき、2018年に改訂された(a)PROMの系統的レビューのガイドライン、(b)コアアウトカムセットのガイドライン、(c)特に大きく変更された内容的妥当性のガイドラインについて解説する。

著者

Farah Hanan Fathihah Jaffar Khairul Osman Nur Hilwani Ismail Kok-Yong Chin Siti Fatimah Ibrahim

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.248, no.3, pp.169-179, 2019 (Released:2019-07-26)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

30

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Extensive use of Wi-Fi has contributed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) pollution in environment. Various studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of RF-EMR emitted by Wi-Fi transmitter on male reproduction health. However, there are conflicting findings between studies. Thus, this review aims to elucidate the possible effects of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure on both animal and human male reproductive system. A computerized database search performed through MEDLINE via Ovid and PUBMED with the following set of keywords: ‘Wi-Fi or WiFi or wireless fidelity or Wi-Fi router or WiFi router or electromagnetic or radiofrequency radiation’ AND ‘sperm or spermatozoa or spermatogenesis or semen or seminal plasma or testes or testis or testosterone or male reproduction’ had returned 526 articles. Only 17 studies conformed to pre-set inclusion criterion. Additional records identified through Google Scholar and reviewed article further revealed six eligible articles. A total of 23 articles were used for data extraction, including 15 studies on rats, three studies on mice, and five studies on human health. Sperm count, motility and DNA integrity were the most affected parameters when exposed to RF-EMR emitted by Wi-Fi transmitter. Unfortunately, sperm viability and morphology were inconclusive. Structural and/or physiological analyses of the testes showed degenerative changes, reduced testosterone level, increased apoptotic cells, and DNA damage. These effects were mainly due to the elevation of testicular temperature and oxidative stress activity. In conclusion, exposure towards 2.45 GHz RF-EMR emitted by Wi-Fi transmitter is hazardous on the male reproductive system.

著者

田嶋 ティナ宏子

出版者

学校法人 聖マリアンナ医科大学医学会

雑誌

聖マリアンナ医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:03872289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.55-59, 2022 (Released:2022-09-28)

参考文献数

8

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近年,ジャーナルのオープンアクセス化が進んでいるが,それとともに悪質な「はげたかジャーナル」が増加している。何よりも問題なのは,その悪質なジャーナルに投稿し,アクセプトされた論文を業績としてカウントする研究者が増えていることである。どこの大学でも,特に医学系大学では論文執筆することが求められている。1年に1本と目標はたてても,容易に書けるものではなく,書き上がったものを投稿したらすぐにアクセプトされるわけでもない。そこで「はげたかジャーナル」に頼る研究者が増えているのだろう。「はげたかジャーナル」が悪質で,投稿してはいけないと注意喚起は多数出ているが,その正体はどのようなものなのかを具体的に示したものはない。本稿では,実際に「はげたかジャーナル」に投稿したらどうなるのかを検証した。これを読んで,今後,危険なジャーナルに論文投稿しないようにして欲しい。

著者

岩本 美砂子

出版者

日本行政学会

雑誌

年報行政研究 (ISSN:05481570)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1993, no.28, pp.119-143, 1993-05-10 (Released:2012-09-24)

著者

渡辺 満久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ (ISSN:18822606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.10, pp.577-581, 2013 (Released:2019-10-31)

参考文献数

8

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安全な原子力施設は再稼働してもよいが,原子力規制委員会による厳しい安全審査が必要である。現状では地盤のズレへの対応は困難であり,これに厳しく対処した敦賀原子力発電所における規制委員会の対応は全く適切であった。ただし,問題を敷地内活断層に矮小化するのではなく,周辺活断層の性状や敷地で起こりうる現象を正しく評価することが重要である。下北半島の原子力施設の安全審査などにおいて,規制委員会の真価が問われる。

著者

有田 正規

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.5, pp.353-360, 2015-08-01 (Released:2015-08-01)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3

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先進諸国は科学研究のオープンデータ化とアクセスの拡大を進めている。その背景には商業学術雑誌の価格高騰によるクローズ化と,先端研究の大規模化・高度化による追試の難しさがある。しかし,学術情報を無償公開すべきというのは非現実的である。情報の維持管理には大きなコストがかかり,そのライフサイクルを見通す必要がある。例として,学術論文を無償公開するオープンアクセス運動は低レベルの商業誌を生む結果に終わり,研究環境を悪化させた。有償も考慮した学術知識のオープン化を通して社会経済に役立つ仕組みづくりを真剣に考える必要がある。国際連携も視野に入れながら,学術情報のライフサイクルを維持できる施策が望まれる。

著者

Yoshiaki Kai Akinori Otani Ryo Misawa Benjamin W. Frable Fumihito Tashiro

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.285-292, 2022-10-13 (Released:2022-10-13)

参考文献数

25

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Two specimens of a rare deep-sea anglerfish, Himantolophus azurlucens Beebe and Crane, 1947, were collected off the Pacific coast of northern Japan, representing the first records from the western North Pacific. These specimens represent the second and third records of the species since the original description, which was based on a single specimen from the eastern North Pacific; we determined that a previous record from the Atlantic was erroneous. We herein provide a description of the specimens and comments on intraspecific variation of the escal appendages. The new Japanese name “Masamori-chouchin-anko” is proposed for H. azurlucens. In addition, we provide DNA barcode sequences of the recently collected specimens of Himantolophus Reinhardt, 1837, including H. azurlucens and the fourth record of H. borealis Kharin, 1984, and demonstrate remarkably low intraspecific genetic variation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I within the genus.

著者

穂積 忠彦

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本釀造協會雜誌 (ISSN:0369416X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.280-284, 1968-03-15 (Released:2011-11-04)

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禁酒宗教のイスラム教の普及している地域, その中でレバノン、イラクのアラツクの状況を知る上の好資料である。

著者

田中 孝平 片山 翔 大倉 和貴 岡村 正嗣 縄田 佳志 中西 信人 篠原 史都

出版者

日本外科代謝栄養学会

雑誌

外科と代謝・栄養 (ISSN:03895564)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.273-280, 2021-12-15 (Released:2022-01-15)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 1

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重症患者において骨格筋は身体機能に重要な役割を果たし,骨格筋の評価は重要である.骨格筋の評価にはComputed Tomography(CT),超音波検査,生体電気インピーダンス法(BIA法:Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis),バイオマーカーなどが用いられる.CTは正確な骨格筋量の評価が可能であり,第3腰椎レベルでの骨格筋量評価がゴールドスタンダードである.CTでの評価は放射線被曝の影響やCT室への移動を伴い,後方視的に骨格筋量の評価が行われることが多い.一方,超音波や体組成計は非侵襲的で,ベッドサイドで骨格筋量の経時的な測定が可能であるが,正確な測定には知識や技術を要する.重症患者は水分バランスの変動が大きく体組成計での測定では浮腫に注意する必要がある.さらに近年では骨格筋量評価のためのさまざまなバイオマーカーも報告されている.適切な骨格筋評価を本邦でも普及させることで,重症患者の社会復帰につながる栄養やリハビリテーションへの介入が期待される.

著者

水田 洋

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.89-107, 2010 (Released:2017-04-05)

著者

大谷 真理子 山本 陽介 酒巻 智美 大沼 亜紀 赤木 圭太 松田 慶祐 杉山 奈津子 宮嶋 篤志 廣田 孝司 小茂田 昌代

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.78-86, 2012-02-10 (Released:2013-02-10)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5 6

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An oral scabicide, STROMECTOL® Tablets (ivermectin) is often administered to patients as a simple suspension by feeding tube. However, it was reported that the administration by this method was less effective than oral administration of tablets. One reason for this lower efficacy might be that the devices and technique for this method of administration are not appropriate. The aim of this study is to propose an appropriate technique.In this report, we compare the recovery ratio when a simple suspension is pushed through a syringe under various conditions. As a result of washing the syringe with distilled water after the first use, the recovery of ivermectin was higher than that without washing. The recovery of ivermectin from syringes set at an angle of 90° and 45° to the horizon was significantly higher than that at 0° and -45°. And recovery from previously used syringes was about 10% higher than that from new syringes (p<0.05). Furthermore, after having orally administered STROMECTOL® Tablets and gavaged its suspension with an appropriate delivery technique to rabbits, we measured the ivermectin concentrations in plasma by LC-MS/MS. The AUC0-192h of ivermectin was almost equivalent for both methods of administration.In conclusion, to secure the same dosage of administration with a simple suspension as that of tablets, it is highly recommended to employ a previously used syringe at an angle of over 45°, and to inject by a technique that washes out the entire residue in the syringe after first injection.

著者

堀 潤之

出版者

日本映像学会

雑誌

映像学 (ISSN:02860279)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, pp.21-26, 2022-08-25 (Released:2022-09-25)

著者

渡邉 信

出版者

公益社団法人 日本マリンエンジニアリング学会

雑誌

マリンエンジニアリング (ISSN:13461427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.251-256, 2021-03-01 (Released:2021-03-24)

参考文献数

29

著者

吉永 敏夫

出版者

日本ハンセン病学会

雑誌

レプラ (ISSN:00241008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.93-97, 1952-05-20 (Released:2008-06-30)

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Statistical observation was made with lepros serum after injected KOHA No 1 and No12, light-sensitizing dyes, to investigate the corelation of positive-change of the seroreaction with treatment periods and severities of the disease.

著者

栗原 巧 緒方 悠輝也 村瀬 敦宣

出版者

国立大学法人 鹿児島大学総合研究博物館

雑誌

Ichthy, Natural History of Fishes of Japan (ISSN:24357715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.32-37, 2022-08-30 (Released:2022-08-31)

著者

臺丸谷 政志 小林 秀敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.7, pp.668-673, 2011-07-15 (Released:2011-07-20)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

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The Japanese sword is interesting not only from the viewpoint of traditional crafts of arts, but also from the aspect of modern science and technology because the way of making and its functionality as a weapon are really consistent with modern science. The present study is concerned with the joint between tohshin (blade) and tsuka (hilt) of the sword. Only one mekugi-take (retaining peg made of bamboo) with about 5mm in diameter holds Nakago (tang) in the hilt. However the slender mekugi might not be broken, even in the case of violent sword-fighting. This fact has been historically demonstrated in many battles by Japanese swords. In this study, using a Japanese sword model, it is examined theoretically and experimentally why a mekugi used in Japanese swords might not be broken from the viewpoint of impact engineering. Consequently, it is presumed that such a strong force as breaking mekugi-take does not act on it, because of the location of mekugi-ana (a hole for mekugi) in the tang, which has been made by following the traditional code of swordsmiths.