著者

小林 義雄 中村 民雄 長谷川 弘

出版者

Japanese Academy of Budo

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.24-33, 1993

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In this historical study on the formation of modern kendo, we explore the system of techniques and its technical contents for shinai uchikomi geiko kendo practice, which is different from the performance of forms and styles called kata or kumitachi. We focus, among others, on master Chiba Shusaku, who constructed the practicing method and perfected the techniques into &ldquo;68 winning techniques&rdquo;. Further, we explore the thoughts behind and technical contents of the master's techniques, and compare the differences in techniques of &ldquo;68 techniques&rdquo; and what is considered to be its prototype, kumitachi of Onoha Ittoryu.<br>In Ono School, most of the strokes are made to respond to the opponent's strokes, while &ldquo;68 winning techniques&rdquo; are primarily offensive, aiming at blowing or thrusting the opponent as quickly as possible to score men, tsuki, kote, or do. Thus, in both of the schools there are only three common techniques:<br>1. Hitotsugachi and Kiriotoshitsuki, which are to cut down opponent's stroke and to thrust;<br>2. Suriage and Suriagemen, which are to knock away opponent's sword and to blow opponent on the head;<br>3. Tsubawari and Nukizuki, which are to duck opponent's blow by stepping back and to thrust the opponent after pulling your sword.<br>Further, there are only seven techniques which are partially common:<br>1. Chishou and Chishoumen, which are to put the point of the sword in opponent's arms who his trying to blow you on the head;<br>2. Chishou and Chishouzuki, which are the same as above;<br>3. Kobushi-no-harai and Kirikaeshimen, which are to blow opponent's head quicker than opponent's blowing you on the head;<br>4. Uragiri and Sasoihikigote, which are to invite opponent's strike on your forearm;<br>5. Aiha and Makiotoshimen, which are to twist down opponent's stroke and to blow opponent's head;<br>6. Aiha and Makiotoshizuki, which are to twist down, rightward or leftward, opponent's stroke;<br>7. Hariaiba and Harimen, which are to strike opponent's sword hard.<br>From this it is clear that &ldquo;68 winning techniques&rdquo; were unique in its system of techniques and its technical contents, which were very different from Kumitachi of Onoha Ittoryu.

著者

渋谷 恒司 菅野 重樹 加藤 一郎

出版者

Japan Ergonomics Society

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.6, pp.395-403, 1994-12-15 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2 3

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人間は指と腕を協調させることによって巧みな作業を行うことができる. 本研究の目的は, この指-腕協調による巧みさ (スキル) を, 人間の動作を分析することによって明らかにすることである. 本研究では巧みな動作の一例としてバイオリン演奏をとりあげ, その演奏動作を分析した. 被験者は, 職業演奏家, 音楽大学学生, 未経験者各2名の計6名とした. 実験では, バイオリン演奏において最も基本的な演奏法である全弓下げ弓を用いることとし, 被験者に弓圧および弓速を3段階に変化させて演奏してもらった. 上肢およびバイオリンの動作は三次元動態計測装置を用いて計測し, 弓圧は弓に貼ったひずみゲージを用いて計測した. 分析の結果, 未経験者は指, 腕を効果的に使えないこと, また職業演奏家のほうが音楽大学学生より, ボーイングの変化に対する動作の変化が大きいことが明らかとなった.

著者

柴原 弘明 安藤 啓 西村 大作

出版者

日本緩和医療学会

雑誌

Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.507-510, 2013 (Released:2013-05-02)

参考文献数

22

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【緒言】従来の一般的な内服や外用薬に対して治療抵抗性の皮膚掻痒感をもつがん患者では, 症状緩和に難渋する. 【症例】72歳, 女性. 肺がん膵転移に伴うがん性疼痛に対してオキシコドン徐放剤を投与し, また閉塞性黄疸に対して内視鏡的胆道ドレナージを行った. 皮膚掻痒感がみられたため, 外用薬・内服(ミルタザピンと漢方)の投与を行ったが改善しなかった. 難治性皮膚掻痒感と診断しプレガバリンを投与した. 低用量で開始後増量し, 投与3日目に改善効果がみられた. 最終的には皮膚掻痒感のNumerical Rating Scaleは投与前8/10から投与後0~1/10となり, 症状緩和が得られた. 【考察】プレガバリンが皮膚掻痒に有効であるという海外の先行研究がみられている. 自験例でも, プレガバリンにより難治性皮膚掻痒感の症状緩和を得ることができた. 【結論】プレガバリンは, 難治性皮膚掻痒感に対する有効な治療の選択肢の1つと考えられる.

著者

小野田 亮介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.185-200, 2019

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<p> 自分の意見を分かりやすく説得的に文章化する能力は,学校教育での活動(e.g., 作文,学級新聞,小論文,レポート,論文などの執筆)のみならず,社会生活(e.g., 意見書や要望書の執筆,企画の提案から書面での交渉)を営む上でも重要になる。したがって,学校教育を通した意見文産出能力の育成は,学校教育以降を見据えた長期的な視点のもとで計画され,実行されるべきだといえる。本論文では,学校教育における意見文産出指導について「誰に,何を,どう書くか」という3つの観点から検討した。具体的には,それぞれの観点を「誰に:読み手意識」,「何を:理由想定」,「どう:意見文スキーマと産出方略」といったキーワードで捉え,(1)観点ごとに関連する先行研究を概観し,(2)学校教育での指導で課題となりうる点を指摘するとともに,(3)それらの課題に対応する指導方法について提案した。最後に,全体の議論をふまえて今後の意見文産出研究,および意見文産出指導の展開について考察した。</p>

著者

五味政知 編

出版者

大鐙閣

巻号頁・発行日

1922

著者

edited by C.Y. Chang S.M. Sze

出版者

McGraw-Hill

巻号頁・発行日

1996

著者

元岡 展久

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.523, pp.271-278, 1999-09-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1 1

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The Palais Royal has played a central role in the history of theatres in France. It also had an important influence on the town-planning of Paris. In this research I analyse the relationship between the theatres which were built in the Palais Royal and the development of the surrounding area. From the examination of various plans, the different forms of theatres in their built form can be explained in terms of different ideas concerning urban structure. By charting these differences we can see a process of shift from a court theatre to a urban public theatre, which in turn changed the surrounding urban spaces. This analysis thus provides a new understanding of the relationship between theatres and the urban spaces that contain them.

著者

岩瀬 良三

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1092, pp.109-112, 2001-05-21

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3月25日の千葉県知事選挙に、自由民主党の推薦を受けて出馬しましたが、落選してしまいました。参院議員の職を辞しての戦いでしたが、政党の推薦を受けていない堂本暁子さんに、わずかな差でしたが、追いつくことができませんでした。 私を支援していただいた方には、大変申し訳なく思っています。今は、こうした人々の元へ、お礼に回っているところです。

著者

浅野 和仁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ (ISSN:18822606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.139-140, 2020 (Released:2020-09-01)

参考文献数

3

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当社では,燃料無交換型ナトリウム冷却小型高速炉「4S」(10MWe,50MWe)1)での経験や知見を活用・反映し,300MWeクラスの高温ガス炉と3MWe級の超小型炉(MoveluXTM:Mobile-Very-small reactor for Local Utility in X-mark)2)の開発を進めている。高温ガス炉は蓄熱システムを組み合わせることで,再生可能エネルギーの電力需給変動に対応可能なベースロード電源としての600MWt級の発電プラントを指向し,国内技術として確立した技術をベースとした開発を進めている。並行して原子力イノベーションを追求した新たな概念として10MWt級の超小型炉(MoveluXTM)の概念設計を進めている。本稿ではそれぞれの特徴について紹介し,今後の取組み方針ならびに課題について概観する。

著者

塚田 孝

出版者

大阪市立大学日本史学会

雑誌

市大日本史 (ISSN:13484508)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.149-154, 2014-05

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一 : これまで畿内・近国の旗本知行や地域社会の実態をさまざまな角度から解明してきた熊谷光子さんの研究が『畿内・近国の旗本知行と在地代官』という一書にまとめられ、刊行された。熊谷さんは、卒業論文での岡藩家臣団の分析(本書補論三)において、百姓から武士に取り立てられる存在に注目し、その延長上に畿内の旗本知行所の在地代官(村の庄屋から取り立てられた代官)をテーマとして取り組むことになった。……

著者

大矢根 淳

出版者

慶應義塾大学

巻号頁・発行日

2017

著者

野村 卓生 吉本 好延 明崎 禎輝 冨田 豊 濱窪 隆 藤原 亮 東 大和生 佐藤 厚

出版者

公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会

雑誌

理学療法学Supplement

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, pp.D0503, 2006

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【緒言】適度な身体活動の継続は,他の要因から独立して慢性疾患リスクを減少させるが,運動療法に関する教育を体系的に受けた糖尿病患者においても運動の継続は極めて困難である.数ある運動の中でも「階段を昇る」ことは,多くの個体集団に適用可能で,日常生活における運動習慣定着へのモデルになると考えられる.本研究では,階段使用促進を目的としたメッセージを付記したバナー(バナー)を用い,不特定多数を対象に「階段を昇る」行動が促進されるかどうかの検討を行った.<BR>【方法】測定場所は,階段(37段)とエスカレーター(昇り)が隣接したH県内某私鉄の駅構内とした.測定者は2名とし,測定者1が階段を昇る通行者,測定者2がエスカレーターを使用する通行者を記録した.測定は平日,午前7時からの2時間30分とし,週2回,計16回の測定を実施した.通行者は,性別,年代層別(高齢層,青中年層,学生層,新生児及び小児は除外)に分類し,カウンターで記録した.2週間隔で通行者数を合算し,SPSSを用いて統計解析を行った.<BR>【介入手順】まず,ベースライン測定を2週間行った.ついで,バナーを階段前額面,柱側面,壁面に計45枚貼付し,同様の測定を4週間行い,4週目の測定最終日にバナーの撤去を行った.フォローアップ測定としてバナー撤去から3週後に2週間,同様の測定を行った.なお,本研究は臨床研究に関する倫理性に十分に配慮した.<BR>【結果】全測定期間において通行者は計43,241名測定された.階段使用者の割合は,全通行者でベースライン3.58%,バナー貼付後1-2週4.93%,バナー貼付後3-4週5.80%,フォローアップ3.68%であり,ベースラインに比較してバナー貼付後1-2週,3-4週においては有意な増加を示した(p<0.001).性別及び年代層別では,ベースラインと比較してバナー貼付後1-2週においては男性高齢層,青中年層,学生層でそれぞれ3.76%,0.10%,6.33%,女性高齢層,青中年層,学生層でそれぞれ1.44%,0.42%,16.6%の増加を示した.バナー貼付後3-4週において,男性高齢層,女性高齢層,女性学生層ではバナー貼付後1-2週より階段使用者率は低下したが,ベースラインと比較して高い階段使用者率が維持されていた.フォローアップでは,男性青中年層のみ有意な階段使用率が維持されていた.<BR>【考察】階段の昇り1回に要する消費カロリーは小さいが,生活範囲の多くの場所において身体活動促進のための啓発・教育が実施されるならば,個人の運動消費カロリーを現状よりも増加させ,慢性疾患の予防・進展抑制効果が期待できる可能性は高い.人の運動行動を誘発し,行動を維持させることは非常に困難である.本研究では,不特定多数の人の行動を簡便な方法で,全体で約2%であるが変容させることに成功できたことは非常に意義深い.

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経パソコン (ISSN:02879506)

巻号頁・発行日

no.425, pp.133-136, 2003-01-20

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Office XP PersonalやStandardなどのパッケージに付属するWord、Excel、Outlookは単体パッケージで売られているものと機能に何か違いはありますか? (埼玉県、吉田 正一さん)Office XPのパッケージに付属するものでも、個別に販売されているものでも、WordやExcel、Outlookの機能に違いはありません。メーカー製のパソコンにOffice XP Personalが付属するモデルがありま…

著者

小松原 尚 Hisashi KOMATSUBARA 奈良県立大学 Nara Prefectural University

雑誌

奈良県立大学研究季報 = NARA PREFECTURAL UNIVERSITY KENKYUKIHO (ISSN:13465775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.13-22, 2005-10-11

著者

佐藤 理 岩井 裕 吉田 英生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18-00365, (Released:2019-02-21)

参考文献数

18

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The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical model of cross-flow heat exchangers with offset strip fins which are usually equipped in the aircraft air conditioning system (so called the environmental control system, ECS). The ECS mainly consists of four cross-flow heat exchanges, i.e., a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, a reheater and a condenser. Because of the special requirements of the design for the aircraft, the primary and secondary heat exchangers are set adjoiningly; the reheater and the condenser are also set adjoingly. Therefore, in both the pairs, the effect of the temperature profile of the upstream component (the secondary heat exchanger or the reheater) on those of the downstream component (the primary heat exchanger or the condenser) should be taken into account for precise prediction of the system. To this end, a core element model was newly proposed in this study. In addition to the effect of temperature profile, phase changes (condensation and evaporation) of water included in the humid air simultaneously occur except for the primary heat exchanger. Regarding these phenomena, the method of sensible heat fraction (SHF) to convert the latent heat into the equivalent sensible heat was introduced, and the global and local SHF models were examined by comparison with the experiments. The prediction by these models were found to agree well with the actual performance of the ECS operations.

著者

佐々木 啓子

出版者

電気通信大学

雑誌

電気通信大学紀要 (ISSN:09150935)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.19-29, 2012-02-01

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The aim of this article is to present the frame of reference of sociological history on the class culture and the education of the upper middle class in pre-war Japan. In modern societies, feudal statuses are substituted for meritocratic positions by new privileged class, that is, public servants, professions or the managerial class. These positions are acquired by licenses or education but not by one's social origin. Generally speaking, upper middle class city people know the importance of the educational background and give their children higher education which is acquired through their class culture. In this way, their meritocratic positions are inherited to their sons or daughters by hidden cultural capital.

著者

河村 遼

出版者

一般社団法人 日本応用数理学会

雑誌

日本応用数理学会論文誌 (ISSN:24240982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.163-176, 2020 (Released:2020-06-25)

参考文献数

7

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概要. 枢軸選択付きQR分解は特異値分解に比べ低ランク近似として精度が悪いことが知られている.しかし計算量が特異値分解に比べて少ないので使われることも多い.本論文ではm × n(m ≥ n)の行列をrankがr行列に近似するときの枢軸選択付きのQR分解の打ち切り誤差の最小上界をr=n-1の場合にのみ正確に見積もったのでこれを紹介する.

著者

早川 達

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ドラッグインフォメーションpremium

巻号頁・発行日

no.152, pp.PE16-23, 2010-06

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今回はぼうしや調剤薬局大津店に来局するC型慢性肝炎の男性、佐藤正一さん(仮名)の薬歴を基に、薬歴添削と症例検討会(オーディット)をしました。C型慢性肝炎に対する抗ウイルス療法では、一定のプロトコルに基づいた治療が長期にわたって行われます。

著者

阿部 賢一

出版者

北海道大学スラブ研究センター

雑誌

スラヴ研究 (ISSN:05626579)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.99-117, 2005

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There are many writers who write in a different language from their native one. This bilingualism is a political intention which reveals the power balance of languages; not a few writers choose a more major language over a minor one. Nikolaj Terlecký (born in Saint-Petersburg in 1903, died in Zurich in 1998) is one of the exceptions in this regard, for the reason that he made a decision to write his works not in Russian, his mother tongue, but in Czech, his acquired second language. Generally speaking, we could call him simply a "Russian émigré who wrote in the Czech language." But this is not the only reason that his name rarely appears in references to "Czech literature" or "Russian literature in exile." In this paper, the author tries to define the place of Nikolaj Terlecký within the broader context, especially by discussing his final work Curriculum vitae, published in Prague 1997. In order to understand this autobiographical text, we should also understand his whole life. The life of Terlecký was characterized by certain changes from one pole to another: dwellings, languages and nationalities. After spending his childhood in Saint-Petersburg, he settled in the Caucasus where his father served in the Russian Army. With the outbreak of the Revolution in 1917, he tried to join the White Army despite the fact that he was still 14 years old. It was not long before he had to move to Istanbul with other soldiers. In 1921, Russian refugees in Istanbul received an offer that the government of Czechoslovakia would accept them as political refugees. This financial support made it possible for Terlecký and other Russian students to move to Moravská Třebová, a germanized village in Czechoslovakia. Since the financial support for Russian refugees in the early 1920s was focused particularly on education, with the aim of sending educated Russians back to Russia, Prague was known as the "Russian Oxford"; the city where the academic élite of the Russian empire congregated. For the émigrés, there was a choice to be made: should they abandon their Russian identity and try to assimilate? Or, should they attempt once again to find a new and welcoming place of residence? Among these identity problems, Terlecký regarded Russia, his motherland, as "Atlantis," i.e. "a beautiful place, but one which has already disappeared." He tended to join Russian literary circles such as "Skit poetov" organized by Alfred Bem. Nevertheless, his first novel provoked no reaction from Russian friends; Terlecký had to seek other stimuli in Czech society. In the early 1940s, when Prague became a protectorate of the Reich, Terlecký encountered many Czech intellectuals such as M. Majerová, V. Nezval, J. Dudl, and others. These figures, influenced by Russian trends, sought a private teacher of Russian and found Terlecký to be a good one. This encounter posed Terlecký with the dual difficulties of his reception in Czech society. For example, Majerová as a representative activist was willing to translate his Russian texts to Czech, to help to find a publisher for his first work and to find a job as a translator for Z. Fierlinger, the first Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia after World War II. Unfortunately, the critics did not know how they should categorize Terlecký: he was neither a Czech writer, nor a Soviet one. At that time, it was impossible to call him a Russian writer in exile for political reasons. This is one reason why the relationship with these representatives of Czech socialist literature forced him into a tight corner. After the coup d'etat in 1948, most of his ex-friends became official representatives of Czech culture and simultaneously severed their connections with Terlecký. These circumstances left him in a very difficult position, because he was on the "black list" of Czech literature, but he did not belong to Soviet literature. His second exile to Austria and Switzerland would be interpreted as a quest for liberty or a search for his own identity, called only by his name. Since he could not assimilate into the Czech community, he was forced to find his own land. As Jan Vladislav says, Terlecký made a choice to "be a stranger in the unknown place, even though he became a stranger in the homeland where he was adopted." This reflects on his choice of language; the choice of the Czech language is connected with the ideal that Czechoslovakia as a democratic state would not eliminate the possessor of different thoughts. In the late 1940s when assimilation into the Russian community had already become chimerical, Terlecký could not continue to write any more in Russian, which to him signified merely a piece of nostalgia. On the other hand, Czech was the language of the place where he was adopted; Terlecký attempted to write in Czech and continued to do so until his final years. This is no longer a question of assimilation; however it reveals the question of identity as "an émigré," not that of ethnicity. Thus we could treat him as a denationalized writer, i.e. as a writer who transcended the categories of a particular national literature. He concludes Curriculum vitae with this passage: "as everybody has his own fate and his own fingerprints, no one will have the same fate." It would be less productive to categorize him in the so-called "literature in exile." Similarly, it would be less important to cram him into the "national" literature such as "Czech" or "Russian in exile." The importance of Nikolaj Terlecký lies elsewhere. Terlecký goes beyond such categories. His works show us the possibility of reading and that of perception. In order to compare this aspect, it would also be useful to mention an affinity with the theory of "the quest for multiplicity" which Alexis Carrel evoked in Man the Unknown. In this respect, Curriculum vitae is not a mere autobiography but a text where the writer tries to maximize his own ego, especially representing many alternatives in his life, particularly an alternative called "exile."

著者

石井由香理著

出版者

明石書店

巻号頁・発行日

2018