著者

林 琳 清水 重敦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.780, pp.595-605, 2021 (Released:2021-02-28)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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Todai-ji Great South Gate(東大寺南大門), built in the early Kamakura period, has been studied as a representative example of Daibutsu-yo(大仏様) architecture. There are many studies about it from the aspects of the style and technique of Daibutsu-yo, the relationship with Chinese Song Dynasty architecture, the construction organization of Todai-ji Temple, the achievements of Chogen(重源) and Todai-ji Great South Gate itself. Studies from the viewpoint of Daibutsu-yo technic are mostly focusing on the detail. On the other hand, Daibutsu-yo should have introduced mainly for the reconstruction of the Great Buddha Hall of Todai Ji Temple(東大寺大仏殿) as a huge building, the whole structure and its assembly process should be considered in an important meaning. Among many precedent studies, 「東大寺南大門の構成部材—軸部の肘木と貫」by Ike Kozo(池浩三) focused on the assembly process of Todai-ji Great South Gate, it based on the Report book of repair construction (『東大寺南大門史及 昭和修理要録』). In this paper, they paid attention to the joint of shaft horizontal inserted to the column of Todai-ji Great South Gate, examined constituent components of it, made a model of it and estimated its assembly process. The result showed that the construction of Todai-ji Great South Gate was very reasonable and dynamic. In their study, Todai-ji Great South Gate was considered as perfect mirror symmetry, but an observation of crosspiece holes and wedges in this research proved that there are many irregular positions. Therefore, it was necessary to examine the type and arrangement of main components of Todai-ji Great South Gate, and to reconsider the construct sequence of column, crosspiece and inserted bracket arms (Sashihijiki) This paper was based on an observation of crosspiece holes and wedges in field survey, re-inspected the joints and shape of main components of Todai-ji Great South Gate’s main framework recorded by the Report book of repair construction, revised their position and then aimed to restore the assembly process. The examination is carried out by the following method. 1. Examined the peculiar description method in Report book of repair construction. 2. Based on the observation in field survey, made the actual condition of crosspiece holes and wedges clear, analyzed the shape of joint, the shape of crosspiece inserted to the crosspiece holes vertically and horizontally and their assembly order. 3. Re-inspected the types and dimensions of components recorded by the Report book of repair construction, revised their position. 4. Based on the above restored the assembly process of its main framework. The result showed that even Daibutsu-yo has some common characters with Chinese Chuandou (穿斗式), it was obvious that it has its unique assembly process, which brought up a new perspective for discussing the origin of Daibutsu-yo.

著者

北島 智也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.24-28, 2022 (Released:2022-01-01)

参考文献数

16

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卵子の染色体数異常は、卵母細胞の減数分裂における染色体分配エラーによってもたらされ、不妊、流産、ダウン症などの先天性疾患の原因となる。重要なことに、このエラーの頻度は加齢とともに上昇する。本稿では、マウス卵母細胞およびヒト卵母細胞を用いた研究から得られた知見を紹介しながら、染色体分配エラーの原因を細胞生物学的な視点から考察する。

著者

山崎 美香 岩佐 真弓 山上 明子 塩川 美菜子 井上 賢治 若倉 雅登

出版者

日本神経眼科学会

雑誌

神経眼科 (ISSN:02897024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.137-147, 2023-06-25 (Released:2023-07-11)

参考文献数

15

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我々は,新型コロナウイルス(SARS-CoV-2)ワクチン接種後,2か月以内に発症した視神経炎を5例経験した.2例(症例1,2)は典型的な抗myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)抗体陽性視神経炎で1例目は片眼,2例目は両眼発症であった.3例目は,非典型的な両側抗MOG抗体陽性視神経炎にぶどう膜炎を併発していた.4例目は,非典型的な両側視神経炎であり,視神経周囲炎様の所見と著明なくも膜下腔の拡大を伴っていた.5例目は,非典型的な片眼抗MOG抗体陽性視神経炎であり,ワクチン接種から活動的な進行がみられるまで,約2か月を要していたが,ワクチン接種時期と視神経炎の発症の時期から,SARS-CoV-2ワクチンの副反応の可能性を十分考慮すべきと考えた.今回経験した5症例は,それぞれ,全く異なる臨床所見を示しており,SARS-CoV-2ワクチン接種後の視神経炎は,典型的な視神経炎を呈する症例から,一見視神経炎以外の疾患を疑うような非典型的な視神経炎まで,多様な臨床像を呈する可能性がある.また最も注目すべきことは,5例中4例で抗MOG抗体陽性であったことであり,ワクチン接種と抗MOG抗体陽性視神経炎がどのように関連しているのか,その真偽と機序の解明を待ちたい.

著者

西村 里奈 三浦 哉 羅 成圭 田村 靖明 中村 みづき 久我 浩正 出口 純次

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.6, pp.371-380, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-11-14)

参考文献数

42

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Endurance exercises, such as cycling or running, are useful for reducing arterial stiffness. However, individuals with a low physical fitness level, or patients suffering from leg diseases with pain, are unable to perform such moderate-intensity lower-limb exercises for long periods of time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute cycling with Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on the brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV). Ten healthy adult men performed 3 sessions, as follows of 20 min: cycling at 50% VO2max (C), cycling at an intensity of 50%VO2max subtracted from VO2 during EMS (LC), and cycling at the intensity of the LC trial while also being combined with EMS (LC+E). The ba-PWV was measured before and after each exercise. In addition, the femoral artery blood flow (BF) was measured in eight healthy adult men before and after exercise using an ultrasound imaging system. In the C and LC+E trials, the ba-PWV significantly decreased immediately after the exercise session, whereas the ba-PWV did not significantly change following the LC trial in any session. Compared with the baseline, the femoral artery BF values significantly increased after all trials. In the C and LC+E trials, the femoral artery BF was significantly greater than that in the LC trial. Acute endurance low-intensity cycling with EMS results in a reduction in the arterial stiffness which is similar to that with moderate-intensity exercise.

著者

野口 佑太 草川 裕也 島崎 博也 美和 千尋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会

雑誌

作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.236-241, 2023-04-15 (Released:2023-04-15)

参考文献数

12

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近年,作業療法士および理学療法士を養成する大学等において早期体験実習に関する取り組みが行われている.しかし,新型コロナウイルス感染症が国内で確認されて以降,早期体験実習が実施できない状況となった.そのため,早期体験実習の代替手段としてバーチャルリアリティを活用することの利点と課題を明らかにすることを目的に,バーチャルリアリティを活用した施設見学の教材を用いて授業を行ったあとアンケート調査を実施した.その結果,施設の雰囲気を感じることができ,学生の満足度が高く,時間的拘束の影響を受けづらい有効な方法である可能性が示された.一方で,一部の学生において目の疲れや酔いが認められたことは今後の課題である.

著者

中西 僚太郎

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.317-341, 1990-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1 1

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The typical small-scale farm management in Japan originated from the introduction of an intensive agricultural system in the 17th century by Kenchi. This system, however, was corrupted in the 19th century, and landlords with large arable estates and servants appeared. Although these landlords cultivated parts of their land at first, they gradually turned most cultivation over to the hands of sharecroppers in the 20th century.Many studies have been made about landlords in geography and other fields, because the landlords constituted an important class in Japanese agricultural society before World War II. These studies, however, mainly focused on large landlords who owned more than 10ha. Few studies have investigated smaller landlords who were also cultivators even in the 20th century. The class of these small landlords, which included many agricultural leaders called tokunou, played a very important part in Japanese agriculture and agricultral society from 1900 to 1960.This paper aims to identify the characteristics of farm management of the small landlord through farm size and labor organization from the late Meiji Era (1910) to the early Showa Era (the 1930s). The case farmer of this study is the Nakajima family in Awano in Yachiyo village, Ibaraki Prefecture.Nakajima was a large farmer who cultivated 2.8ha of land and rented a small land in the late Meiji Era (1910). After the middle Taisho Era (1920s), the land cultivated by the Nakajima family decreased to 1.5ha in 1929. Although it increased to 2ha in1935, it decreased again to 1.4ha during World War II.The change of land cultivated by Nakajima family was closely related to agricultural labor composition. In the late Meiji Era, the second daughter of Nakajima, who was older than the first son, married and her husband was received into the family. As a result, the Nakajima family formed a composite family with Nakajima, his first son, his second daughter and their spouses and children. They cultivated 2.8ha of land exclusively by family labor. However, the family became smaller in 1916, when the family of the second daughter moved out and started a branch family and their parent died. As the number of family workers decreased, the Nakajima family employed some servants in order to cultivate a large area. However, the rise of wages forced them to decrease the area of cultivated land during the 1920s. The land abandoned by the Nakajima family was rented to branch families, and Nakajima became the landlord of branch families. In the early Showa Era (the 1930s) family workers of the Nakajima family increased in number, because children had grown up. As a result, the Nakajima family could enlarge the cultivated land to some extent for such prosects as sericulture. However, the area of cultivated land of the Nakajima family did not reach the level of that in the Meiji Era because of the labor shortage. The family did not grow as before and laborers were difficult to hire from branch families.

著者

Midori MURATA Asuka SHODA Mako KIMURA Yukako HARA Sakura YONOICHI Yuya ISHIDA Youhei MANTANI Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Eiko MATSUO Tetsushi HIRANO Nobuhiko HOSHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.4, pp.434-442, 2023 (Released:2023-03-30)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

4

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Recently, the effects of exposure to clothianidin (CLO) on the thymus and gut microbiota have become clear, but no report has examined its next-generation impacts. Pregnant C57BL/6N mice were administered a no-observed-adverse-effect-level dose of CLO until weaning. We examined CLO’s effects on the gut microbiota and immune organs of dams and their 3- and 10-week-old male offspring. CLO administration led to several alterations of the top 30 bacterial genera in the gut microbiota in dams and 3-week-old mice. Compared to controls, 10-week-old mice had more thymic Hassall’s corpuscles, and both dams and 10-week-old mice had fewer macrophages. These results suggest that fetal and lactational CLO exposure may affect the immune system and gut microbiota of the next generation.

著者

Hirokatsu Saito Kentaro Tanemura Yusuke Furukawa Takahiro Sasaki Jun Kanno Satoshi Kitajima

出版者

The Japanese Society of Toxicology

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.203-210, 2023 (Released:2023-04-03)

参考文献数

32

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Acetamiprid (ACE), a neonicotinoid chemical, is widely used as a pesticide due to its rapid insecticidal activity. Although neonicotinoids exert very low toxicity in mammals, the effects of early exposure to neonicotinoids on the adult central nervous system are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of ACE exposure in early life on brain function in adult mice. We exposed male C57BL/6N mice to ACE (10 mg/kg) orally when they were two (postnatal lactation) or 11 weeks old (adult). We examined the effects of ACE on the central nervous system using the mouse behavioral test battery, consisting of the open field test, light/dark transition test, elevated plus-maze test, contextual/cued fear conditioning test, and pre-pulse inhibition test at 12–13 weeks old. In the mouse behavioral test battery, learning memory abnormalities were detected in the mature treatment group. In addition, learning memory and emotional abnormalities were detected in the postnatal lactation treatment group. These results suggest that the behavioral effects of postnatal lactation treatment with ACE were qualitatively different from the behavioral abnormalities in the mature treatment group.

著者

Asuka SHODA Midori MURATA Mako KIMURA Yukako HARA Sakura YONOICHI Yuya ISHIDA Youhei MANTANI Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Tetsushi HIRANO Yoshinori IKENAKA Nobuhiko HOSHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.9, pp.1023-1029, 2023 (Released:2023-09-20)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

2

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Neonicotinoid pesticides (NNs) transfer rapidly from mother to offspring, which exhibit neurobehavioral effects. However, no studies have investigated NNs’ transgenerational effects. We exposed F0 generation mice (mothers) to a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of clothianidin (CLO) during gestation and lactation, and examined the adult neurobehavioral effects of three generations of offspring (F1, F2, F3). F1 had lower birth weight, decreased locomotor activity, and increased anxiety-like behavior. In F2, body weight was affected, and there was a decreasing trend in locomotor activity and an increasing trend in anxiety-like behavior. In F3, locomotor activity tended to increase. Thus, even when only the mothers were exposed, the effects of CLOs were still observed in F1, F2, and F3 but the effects became smaller.

著者

柏木 充 瀧谷 公隆

出版者

公益社団法人 日本ビタミン学会

雑誌

ビタミン (ISSN:0006386X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.8, pp.340-345, 2019-08-25 (Released:2020-08-31)

著者

大原 祐治

出版者

昭和文学会

雑誌

昭和文学研究 (ISSN:03883884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.230-232, 2017 (Released:2022-07-01)

著者

松下 武矢 葉山 恵利 中島 龍星

出版者

一般社団法人日本理学療法学会連合

雑誌

理学療法学 (ISSN:02893770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.275-280, 2022-08-20 (Released:2022-08-20)

参考文献数

21

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【目的】回復期脳卒中患者の膝伸展筋力と病棟歩行自立の関連を調査し,そのカットオフ値を決定すること。【方法】対象は回復期リハビリテーション病棟に入院している脳卒中片麻痺患者。麻痺側,非麻痺側,および両側を組み合わせた膝伸展筋力が,歩行自立と関連するかを二項ロジスティック回帰分析で検討した。また,Receiver operating characteristic curve, Youdenインデックスにより,歩行自立のカットオフ値を算出した。【結果】解析対象者は658名(年齢中央値74歳,女性45%)で,歩行自立群は393名(60%)であった。歩行自立に対して膝伸展筋力は独立して関連しており(P<0.001),カットオフ値は麻痺側,非麻痺側,両側合計でそれぞれ,0.631 Nm/kg, 1.010 Nm/kg, 1.621 Nm/kgであった。【結論】回復期脳卒中患者において膝伸展筋力は歩行自立の判断基準となり得る。

著者

杉本 九実 福田 吉治

出版者

日本公衆衛生学会

雑誌

日本公衆衛生雑誌 (ISSN:05461766)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.8, pp.581-585, 2022-08-15 (Released:2022-08-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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公衆衛生,とくに,健康増進において,健康格差の視点から健康無関心層に対するアプローチが課題となっている。そこで,本稿では,健康への関心もしくは脆弱性による介入効果の違いと健康格差を考慮したポピュレーションアプローチの類型化を提示する。まず,集団全体を「高関心層」,「中関心層」,「低関心層」に層別化した。それぞれのリスク低下の程度により,ポピュレーションアプローチを,(1)格差拡大を伴う(全層のリスク低下,高関心層ほど低下大),(2)格差不変(全層のリスクは一様に低下),(3-1)格差縮小を伴う(全層のリスク低下,低関心層ほど低下大),および(3-2)格差縮小を伴う(低関心層のみリスク低下)の4つに類型化した。さらに,それぞれの類型の具体的な取組例の整理を行った。今回提示した類型化は,健康格差を縮小させながらポピュレーションアプローチを推進することに寄与するであろう。

著者

五十嵐 元道

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.2_271-2_290, 2014 (Released:2018-02-01)

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This article will show how the paradigm of development emerged in the British Empire in the 1930s. Some existing works on development seek to describe the power structure of ‘depoliticization’ in developing countries by analyzing development aid policies after decolonization. However, they hardly explain when and how the depoliticization of poverty and development began. This article will demonstrate that when the paradigm of development emerged in the 1930s, poverty and development were depoliticized from the very beginning. In the late 19th and early 20th century, British colonial administration was based mainly on the colonial philosophy of ‘indirect rule.’ However, in the 1930s, poverty was found by new experts such as social anthropologists and biologists in the British colonies. By using scientific methods, they constituted the paradigm of development which required social policies in dependent territories. In this process, the structure of depoliticization was established.

著者

大石 醒悟

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年医学会

雑誌

日本老年医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.388-394, 2021-07-25 (Released:2021-09-06)

参考文献数

13

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患者および家族の苦痛へ介入し,QOL向上を図るアプローチである緩和ケアは,本邦においてがん領域で先行して進められてきたが,慢性の進行性疾患である心不全でもそのニーズは存在し,提供されるべき医療である.本項では,高齢者心不全における終末期医療および緩和ケアの概念及びその実践における課題である,意思決定支援及び症状緩和の方法論についての現状を述べる.

著者

南波 慶己 中村 篤雄 森田 敏夫 鍋田 雅和 高須 修

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床救急医学会

雑誌

日本臨床救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13450581)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.5, pp.659-664, 2020-10-31 (Released:2020-10-31)

参考文献数

18

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救急救命士が血糖測定を行う基準について,われわれの地域においては低血糖を疑った場合に可能となることから,適応を判断するための身体観察がきわめて重要である。低血糖の症状は交感神経症状と中枢神経症状に大別されるが,随伴する低体温に関して診断的有用性は明らかではない。病院前救護における体温測定が,低血糖を疑う観察所見として有用かを検証した。体温測定を行った救急搬送例67,953例を対象とし,体温別に3群に分け,低血糖の割合について後方視的に検討した。体温35℃以下のL 群は他群より有意に低血糖の割合が高く,季節ごとの検討では,とくに夏季において体温測定の有用性が高い結果であった。ベイズの定理を用いた検討においても,体温35℃以下の陽性尤度比は7.1と高値であり,低血糖を疑う臨床的判断の一助となり得ると考えられた。病院前救護における体温測定は,低血糖を疑う観察所見として有用である。

著者

瀧波 慶和

出版者

日本救急医学会中部地方会

雑誌

日本救急医学会中部地方会誌 (ISSN:18803547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.43-47, 2021-12-20 (Released:2021-12-21)

被引用文献数

1

著者

野口 卓也 京極 真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会

雑誌

作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.704-714, 2020-12-15 (Released:2020-12-15)

参考文献数

28

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要旨:ポジティブ作業に根ざした実践(以下,POBP)は,精神障害者の幸福の促進に有用であることが確認されている.他方,その介入に影響を与える個体差の要因は未検討である.本研究の目的は,POBPの介入に影響を与える個体差の要因を検証することである.対象は精神障害者であり,POBPに参加経験のある19名とした.分析は,POBP参加中に収集した縦断データを使用し,潜在曲線モデルを用いた.分析の結果,POBPの介入に影響を与える要因は入院回数の可能性が高いことが示された.POBPは入院回数の要因を除き,診断名,年齢,性別,生活環境,治療期間による個体差を超え,クライエントの幸福に寄与できる可能性がある.

著者

渡辺 晋一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本レーザー医学会

雑誌

日本レーザー医学会誌 (ISSN:02886200)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.315-326, 2007-01-15 (Released:2008-01-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

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ナノ秒のパルス幅のQスイッチ・レーザーは肝斑以外の色素病変の治療に有効である.しかし,カフェオレ斑のような茶アザはレーザー治療に反応しない事が多い.そこで,正確な診断を下すことがレーザー治療の鍵を握る.ただしレーザー治療後に炎症後色素沈着が見られるが,通常3-4カ月で自然消失する.もし,炎症後色素沈着が1年以上続く場合は,組織学的色素失調を疑わなければならない.血管腫の治療にはマイクロ秒のパルス幅のレーザーを使用しなければならない.また,光が到達する深さには限界があるため,すべての血管腫に有効というわけではない.脱毛や皮膚の若返りは,ミリ秒のパルス幅のレーザーあるいは光によって可能である.しかし,このパルス幅の光では表皮のダメージが強いので,照射エネルギーを下げ,また表皮を冷やさなければならない.その結果,皮膚の若返り効果は不十分である.いずれにせよレーザー光のパルス幅と波長はレーザー治療の鍵となる.使用するレーザーのパルス幅と波長をみれば,その治療の結果がどのようになるかを予想することができる.

著者

郭 孟倪

出版者

日本国際教育学会

雑誌

国際教育 (ISSN:09185364)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.118-124, 2019 (Released:2020-09-08)