著者

申維翰著 姜在彦訳注

出版者

平凡社

巻号頁・発行日

1974

著者

長谷川 真士

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.11, pp.1066-1075, 2020-11-01 (Released:2020-11-07)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

1

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In general, cyclization is the most crucial step in the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds formed out of repeated units of a π-system. However, a particular combination of aromatic wall unit and appropriate angular linkage can efficiently give cyclic compounds such as calix[n]arene and its analogues. This straightforward method allows material chemists to supply these compounds on multi-gram scale. Nevertheless, a more resourceful strategy is also required, because this simple approach is less feasible outside of specific combinations. Recently, we have newly developed a straightforward one-pot synthetic approach using a palladium coupling for a series of thiacalix[n]thiophene, thiacalix[n]dithieno[3,2-b:2’,3’-d]thiophene (thiacalix[n]DTT), and selenacalix[n]selenophenes, which are cyclic homologues of divalent chalcogen-bridged (S or Se) cyclic oligothiophene derivatives. A palladium-catalyzed reaction of (Bu3Sn)2S or (Bu3Sn)2Se with dibromothiophene, dibromoselenophene, or diboromo-DTT derivatives led to effective cyclization in good yield. In the presence of appropriate substituents, this method seems to kinetically favor the formation of macrocycles. The molecular and physical properties, including X-ray analysis, absorption spectra and redox properties, of the resultant macrocycles were also described. Unlike conventional calixarenes, they possess electron-donating ability, exhibiting multielectron redox processes due to electron delocalization. Thiacalix[n]DTT derivatives (n=4-6) acted as a cavitand for C60 molecules; the cyclic 4-mer formed a 1:2 complex in the solid state, while the 5- and 6-mer formed 1:1 complexes in solution. Furthermore, thiacalix[4]thiophene and selenacalix[n]-selenophene having tert-butylphenyl groups exhibit gelling behavior in toluene, despite the absence of any hydrogen binding sites. Intermolecular chalcogen (S or Se) interactions facilitate the self-assembly that results in this gel formation.

著者

妹尾 堅一郎

出版者

広島大学

雑誌

大学論集 (ISSN:03020142)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.109-128, 2008-03

著者

Sho Kawazoe Masaru Inatsu Tomohito J. Yamada Tsuyoshi Hoshino

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-039, (Released:2020-10-28)

被引用文献数

11

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Synoptic circulation patterns associated with heavy snowfall events in Sapporo are examined using large ensemble simulation with 60-km global climate experiments. For snowfall, a 5-km dynamically downscaled model from the 20-km regional simulation is utilized. To identify synoptic circulation patterns, self-organizing maps (SOMs) are applied, and their response to a warming climate is examined. The authors find that heavy snow events predominantly occur due to low pressure anomalies to the north/east of Hokkaido or over central Japan, and by high pressure anomalies over the Siberian continent. The 4 K warming climate shows robust decreases in heavy snowfall amounts associated with low pressure anomalies over central Japan and increases in heavy snowfall amounts under patterns with high pressure anomalies over Siberia. This is attributed to surface air temperature characteristics in future climates, as precipitation in the former with surface winds transporting warm, moist air from the south and east, develops predominantly above 0°C in the +4 K climate, while the latter, often resulting in intense snow band events, continues to be dominated by temperatures near or below zero.

著者

松村 淳

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.39-57, 2016-02-01 (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

13

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本稿の目的は近年の専門職研究において再び重視されつつある専門職とエートスの関わりを問い直すことである。ある職能に特有のエートスがそれを内面化した者に内発的な労働への意欲を駆動させるという側面だけではなく、それが業界全体に共有され内部文化を統制・再生産する機能を有するという側面についての研究はまだ不十分である。そこで本稿では建物の設計・監理を専門とする建築設計専門職を対象とし、職業実践におけるエートスの表れに触れつつ、とりわけその獲得過程について重点的に検討した。具体的にはエートスを涵養する場として大学に着目し、その教育実践を検討した。そこでは、職能の実践に必要な技術の獲得よりも﹁空間の質﹂や﹁美しさ﹂といった抽象的な語彙で形容される﹁作品﹂を作成できる能力の獲得が目指されている。それらは一定の訓練を経れば習得できる﹁標準化される技術﹂ではなく、合理的な訓練では習得できない﹁標準化されない技術﹂の涵養が必要であり、それを習得するためには教員=建築家の﹁指導﹂に従うしかない。つまり大学は、建築設計専門職業界が望むエートスを学生に内面化させるための﹁文化的社会化﹂の場として機能している。そうして獲得したエートスは個人の労働を内発的に駆動させるだけではなく、建築基準法の厳格化や設計施工を一貫して行う住宅産業の隆盛による相対的な地位低下など、様々な位相においてその存在意義が問われている建築設計専門職の長期的で安定的な存続に資する機能を有しているのである。

著者

Mason Michele M.

出版者

Center for Advanced Tourism Studies

雑誌

International Journal of Contents Tourism

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.31-43, 2016-06-13

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Arakawa Hiromu's best-selling manga Silver Spoon, which began serialization in 2011, kicked off an impromptu migration of fans to the story's setting, the Tokachi-Obihiro region of Hokkaido. Both local tourism officials and agricultural stakeholders quickly devised a number of strategies to capitalize on the newfound interest in their region. Their efforts only intensified when anime and film versions were released in 2013 and 2014. This article examines the ways local officials, business owners, and other constituents have pursued not only profits from Silver Spoon-inspired tourism, but also the chance to offer a different picture of agricultural life than is typically disseminated in the media. Below, I demonstrate how the promotion of Ban’ei horse racing, a wide-variety of agricultural products, and hands-on farming and food production experiences are at the heart of local community's attempts to appropriate the cultural capital of Silver Spoon to craft narratives of Tokachi identity, heritage, and pride.

著者

ゴードン アンドルー 森本 涼

出版者

デジタルアーカイブ学会

雑誌

デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.347-352, 2018-10-01 (Released:2018-11-20)

参考文献数

19

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この論文では、2011年より7年目を迎えた日本災害DIGITALアーカイブ(JDA)の進化を紹介すると同時に、日本災害DIGITALアーカイブが進めてきた、連携・参加型デジタルアーカイブの意義と、災害デジタルアーカイブ全般の発展への役割を議論する。独自に開発してきた利用者の参加を促す機能を説明しながら、現在の利活用促進へのアウトリーチ活動の経過報告と幾つかの実証例を紹介し、デジタル災害資料の利用価値を産む、参加型アーカイブの形を提案する。また、日本国外の日本災害アーカイブとしての独自の視点で得た、震災後急激に発展した国内でのデジタルアーカブズ分野の共通課題と、デジタルアーカイブ学会への展望を論ずる。

著者

檜垣 良成 Higaki Yoshishige

出版者

筑波大学人文社会科学研究科哲学・思想専攻

雑誌

哲学・思想論集 = Studies In Philosophy (ISSN:02867648)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.110(71)-94(87), 2011-03-30

著者

平岡 満一

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本釀造協會雜誌 (ISSN:0369416X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.300-303, 1938-03-15 (Released:2011-11-04)

著者

鈴木 文子 池上 知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.18052, (Released:2020-09-15)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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Previous studies have indicated that heterosexuals who had faced their close friends’ coming out tend to have a more positive attitude toward homosexuals in general but have decreased interactions with their close homosexual friends. We investigated why such a difference between heterosexual attitudes toward homosexuals in general and toward their close homosexual friends emerges after their friends came out. We conducted two imaginary vignette studies with Japanese undergraduates. Results from Study 1 (N = 186) revealed that both male and female heterosexuals with high gender self-esteem positively changed their attitudes toward homosexuals in general after their friends came out. Results from Study 2 (N = 147) revealed that social contagion concerns served as a significant predictor for avoidance responses to their friends who came out. However, such links between social contagion concerns and avoidance behaviors observed in heterosexuals were moderated by gender self-esteem. Heterosexual males’ gender self-esteem promoted the relations, but heterosexual females’ gender self-esteem mitigated the relations. The role of gender self-esteem in the context of coming out is discussed beyond the traditional and narrow-sense sex-role perspectives.

著者

渡邊 卓也

出版者

[出版者不明]

巻号頁・発行日

2005-09

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制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:甲2248号 ; 学位の種類:博士(学術) ; 授与年月日:2006/4/13 ; 早大学位記番号:新4270

著者

増田 研

出版者

日本アフリカ学会

雑誌

アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.90, pp.37-46, 2016-12-31 (Released:2017-12-31)

参考文献数

35

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感染症による死亡率が低下したアフリカでは現在,人口が急増する一方で長寿命化が進行している。この延長線上に,今世紀後半にやってくるとされるアフリカの少子高齢時代をどのように迎えるのか,そのためにどのような調査や政策が求められるのか,という課題に関する問題整理を試みたのが本稿である。高齢化社会の到来をにらんだ取り組みとしては,年金や給付金制度の策定などがすでにいくつかの国で始まっているが,高齢者の生活ケアや健康・医療問題など,課題は多いとされる。アフリカ社会の高齢化に関する先行研究の多くは,社会保障の不在や非感染症への対応の遅れ,都市部貧困層の高齢化,農村社会の高齢化,ファミリーケアの衰退といった数多くの問題点を指摘する。しかしながら,個別社会において人口高齢化が何をもたらすのか,そもそも何が課題であるのか,そうした課題に地域社会の脈絡にそくしたどのような社会的対応がありうるのかといった点について,今後は民族誌的なアプローチによる研究が本格化されることが望ましい。高齢化先進国の社会保障政策や試行錯誤を参考にしつつも,地域社会のあり方に学び,アフリカの未来の姿についての関心を共有することが求められるのである。

著者

徳安 彰 出口 弘 高瀬 武典 赤堀 三郎 田中 秀幸 奈良 由美子

出版者

社会・経済システム学会

雑誌

社会・経済システム (ISSN:09135472)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.19-56, 2016-10-25 (Released:2020-10-09)

著者

高岡 伸一 嘉名 光市 佐久間 康富

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.735, pp.1337-1347, 2017 (Released:2017-05-30)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

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This paper aims to discusses a history of modern buildings along Midosuji Boulevard in relation to its urban background. Midosuji is the symbol street in Osaka, and regarded very important for revitalization of Osaka City. Midosuji is a national road, about 4 km long and about 44m wide. It's passes through the central area of Osaka from JR Osaka station to Nankai Namba station. Midosuji was planned in the first urban planning of Osaka City in 1920's, and specified as the first grade road in the plan. The construction was started in 1926, and completed in 1937. This paper deals with the about 1km long of 4km of Midosuji, which is regarded to represent the image of Midosuji best. In this area, 50 buildings were built between 1920 and 1970, from the construction of the street to the beginning of the control about its townscape preservation by Osaka City. The history can be divided into 3 periods from the viewpoints of architectural characteristics, number and arrangement of the buildings. 1) 1920-1945 In the 1st period, the construction of buildings were limited because of the influence of the war. 12 buildings were built mainly in 2 zones, Yodoyabashi area (north side) and Hommachi area (south side). Yodoyabashi area consists mainly of financial company buildings like bank and insurance companies, designed in the classical style, on the other hand Hommachi area consists of commercial company buildings, designed in popular style like Spanish. Its tendency stems from the history and its characteristic of the land which was developed in the early modern (Toyotomi and Edo) period as Semba town. 2) 1945-1955 In the 2nd period which corresponds to the post-war reconstruction, 10 of 12 buildings were built on the east side of Midosuji, and 9 were bank buildings. Many buildings had granite wall, and emphasized vertical line as the transformation from classicism to modernism. The east side arrangement stems from a difference of lots on the blocks. East side lots were easier to acquire than the west, because the west side lots were too subdivided historically to get in a short period. And banks could build their own buildings preceding other types of company by the then government's finance policies. 3) 1955-1970 In the 3rd period, 26 buildings were built on all blocks along Midosuji in the high economic growth. They were planned in the full size of the then architectural restriction, growing demand for utilization of the city center. Consequently, Midosuji had possessed the townscape with completed wall line and skyline. By the industrialization of building construction, curtain-wall system appeared on the wall of 8 buildings, on the other hand old construction of tile wall was still used for 10 buildings.

著者

鳥山 欽哉 土屋 亨

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology

雑誌

植物組織培養 (ISSN:02895773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.128-130, 1992 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

5

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Tobacco was transformed with the firefly luciferase gene. Once the naked eye became accustomed to the dark, light emission could be seen from the transgenic callus and the regenerated plants. A simple method for taking a picture of the light emission using instant film is described.

著者

杉原 知道

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.9, pp.609-615, 2018 (Released:2018-12-15)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

著者

キャスリーン シアラー レスリー チャン イリーナ クチマ ピエール ムニエ 河合 将志 南山 泰之 林 正治 藤原 一毅 尾城 孝一

出版者

国立情報学研究所 オープンサイエンス基盤研究センター

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-10, 2020-05-29

著者

Masayuki Takigawa Prabir K. Patra Yutaka Matsumi Surendra K. Dhaka Tomoki Nakayama Kazuyo Yamaji Mizuo Kajino Sachiko Hayashida

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.86-91, 2020 (Released:2020-05-27)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

3 17

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The severe air pollution events continue to occur every year during late October and early November in Delhi, forcing air/land traffic disruptions and anxiety in the daily life of the citizens. We analyze the behaviors of the air pollution events in October and November 2019 that arose from the crop-residue burning as seen using remote sensing techniques. Transport pathways and the mean transit time from the fire hotspots are evaluated using the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model). Our results suggest that the polluted regions in Delhi are partly influenced by the crop-residue burning. The uncertainty of our evaluation can be attributable to insufficient information on emission sources because the biomass burning emission based on daily-basis fire radiative power (FRP) of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometry (MODIS) is significantly degraded by the existence of hazy clouds. In future, it is desirable to establish a dense measurement network between Punjab and Delhi for the early detection of the source signals of aerosol emissions and their transport in this region. The FLEXPART model simulation shows the transport of emission signals from Punjab to Delhi, which further expands toward the Bengal region within a span of two days.

出版者

筑波大学学生新聞会

雑誌

筑波學生新聞

巻号頁・発行日

no.20, 1984-01-10

著者

泉眞樹子

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

外国の立法 : 立法情報・翻訳・解説 (ISSN:13492071)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.(月刊版. 281-1), 2019-10