著者
萬屋 博喜
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2017, no.68, pp.231-245, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-06-28)
参考文献数
15

Among contemporary epistemologists of testimony, David Hume is typically taken to be a reductionist, that is, one who asserts that the justification of one’s testimonial beliefs must depend on non-testimonial evidence. In his first Enquiry (“Of Miracles”), according to the standard interpretation of Hume on testimony, he expresses the view that testimony, unlike perception or memory, is not a fundamental source of epistemic justification. Recently, however, this interpretation has been challenged by many scholars who argue that Hume, as a reductionist, would not even attempt to justify testimonial beliefs by appealing to the evidence of ordinary empirical beliefs. But, in his Treatise and first Enquiry, Hume suggests that, in spite of the reductionism, we can still use our evidence of human nature to justify our testimonial beliefs. This leads us to another interpretation of Hume’s reductionism on testimony.The purpose of this paper is to show that, we can construe Hume, consistently with reductionism, as a sort of virtue epistemologist, and that the standard interpretation of Hume on testimony is inaccurate. To begin with, I examine C. A. J. Coady’s interpretation which formulates Hume’s reductionist thesis and provides some objections to Hume. Then, I discuss the virtue-epistemological interpretation, by S. Wright, of Hume on testimony. In responding to Coady’s objections, she attempts to show that Hume scholars can learn much from the insights of virtue epistemology. According to her, our interactions with others, combined with the evidence of human nature, give us an insight into the testifier’s virtues. Although her interpretation seems to be attractive, there is still a problem of the hearer which needs to be solved. Finally, I conclude that, taking into account both the testifier’s and the hearer’s virtues, we can adequately defend the virtue-epistemological interpretation of Hume on testimony.
著者
今坂 藤太郎
出版者
公益社団法人 応用物理学会
雑誌
応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.1, pp.63-67, 1986-01-10 (Released:2009-02-09)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1

最近,微弱な光吸収を測定するための分光手法が,いくつか提案されている。なかでも熱レンズ効果,光熱偏向効果を用いる方法は,感度,位置分解能に優れており,超微量吸光分析や試料の三次元分布を調べる目的で使用されるようになっている.本稿ではこれらの分光法の原理,特徴,応用などについて述べる.
著者
田井 郁久雄
出版者
日本図書館研究会
雑誌
図書館界 (ISSN:00409669)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.6, pp.260-271, 2003-03-01 (Released:2017-05-24)

公立図書館がべストセラーの複本を大量に購入して貸し出すことは,作家や出版社の利益の損失につながるという主張がなされている。図書館の発展と作家や出版社の利益は相反しない。図書館がべストセラーへの要求に応えることは,すべての資料への要求に答えることの一部分であり,「貸出」によって幅広い分野の資料の利用が活発化し,そのことが図書館の発展とともに,出版文化の安定と発展の基盤をつくる。本稿では図書館への誤解と憶測の内容を検証し,貸出による図書館の発展は出版界にとっても利益になることを,図書館現場の実情や統計数値の分析をもとに考察する。
著者
柴原 弘明 戸倉 由美子 伊勢呂 哲也 惠谷 俊紀 池上 要介 神谷 浩行 橋本 良博 岩瀬 豊 植松 夏子 今井 絵理 西村 大作
出版者
日本緩和医療学会
雑誌
Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.1, pp.514-517, 2012 (Released:2012-05-22)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1

【緒言】ミルタザピンはノルアドレナリン作動性・特異的セロトニン作動性抗うつ薬(NaSSA)で, 5-HT3受容体拮抗作用をもち, 嘔気を改善する先行研究が報告されている. 【症例】38歳, 女性. 遠隔転移を伴う進行腎がんに対し, スニチニブとオキシコドンを投与した. 経過中に出現した難治性嘔気・嘔吐に, ミルタザピン1.875 mg/日を開始した. 開始翌日に嘔吐は消失し, 2日目に3.75 mg/日へ増量したところ, 3日目には嘔気も消失した. 消化器症状でスニチニブとオキシコドンを中止することなく治療を続行できた. ミルタザピン15 mg/日の投与量では眠気が出現することがあるが, 今回の低用量投与で眠気はみられずに消化器症状の改善が得られた. 【結論】ミルタザピンの低用量投与は, スニチニブとオキシコドン併用時の難治性嘔気・嘔吐に対して, 有効な選択肢の1つであると考えられる.
著者
福居 篤子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬剤学会
雑誌
薬剤学 (ISSN:03727629)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.1, pp.42-47, 2015 (Released:2015-07-01)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1
著者
Eden DEBELLEMANIERE Danielle GOMEZ-MERINO Mégane ERBLANG Rodolphe DOREY Michel GENOT Edith PERREAUT-PIERRE André PISANI Laurent ROCCO Fabien SAUVET Damien LÉGER Arnaud RABAT Mounir CHENNAOUI
出版者
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
雑誌
Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2017-0092, (Released:2018-01-13)
被引用文献数
9

Insufficient sleep is a common occurrence in occupational settings (e.g. doctors, drivers, soldiers). The resulting sleep debt can lead to daytime sleepiness, fatigue, mood disorder, and cognitive deficits as well as altered vascular, immune and inflammatory responses. Short daytime naps have been shown to be effective at counteracting negative outcomes related to sleep debt with positive effects on daytime sleepiness and performance after a normal or restricted night of sleep in laboratory settings. However, the environmental settings in the workplace and the emotional state of workers are generally not conducive to beneficial effects. Here, we tested whether relaxation techniques (RT) involving hypnosis might increase total sleep time (TST) and/or deepen sleep. In this study, eleven volunteers (aged 37-52) took six early-afternoon naps (30 minutes) in their occupational workplace, under two different conditions: control ‘Naps' or ‘Naps + RT' with a within-subjects design. Our results demonstrate that adding RT to naps changes sleep architecture, with a significant increase in the TST, mostly due to N2 sleep stage (and N3, to a lesser extent). Therefore, the deepening of short naps with RT involving hypnosis might be a successful non-pharmacological way to extend sleep duration and to deepen sleep in occupational settings.
著者
Hideaki MASUZAWA Norio NAKAMURA Kimiyoshi HIRAKAWA Keiji SANO Masanori MATSUNO Hiroaki SEKINO Koji MII Yuji ABE
出版者
The Japan Neurosurgical Society
雑誌
Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16pt1, no.1, pp.77-90, 1976 (Released:2006-12-28)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
6 14

Translational acceleration head injury experiment was performed on 12 Japanese monkeys and one baboon using a HYGE sled and a slider-impactor system. All the monkeys became concussed by force ranging 241 to 366G in slider average acceleration and two of them died of concussion (fatal or irreversible concussion). The fatal concussion animals as well as the delayed death ones showed almost unexceptionally rib and clavicle fractures and mediastinal hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage seen in six animals were not correlated with the outcome. We were unable to produce visible brain lesions, such as brain contusion, subdural hematoma, or intracerebral hematoma, by using pure translational acceleration impacts to the head. It should be misleading to draw a human or primate head injury tolerance limit from the fatal concussion level. Interestingly seven monkeys showed spontaneous eyelid blinking and four showed pupillary light reaction immediately post-impact and at least six animals showed “normal” EEG activity ten seconds after the impact. The cause of concussion was discussed and the role of cardiorespiratory supression by the primary shock is suggested.
著者
永江 孝規 安居院 猛 長橋 宏
出版者
一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
テレビジョン学会技術報告 (ISSN:03864227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.9, pp.25-30, 1992-01-24 (Released:2017-10-06)

The Peano scan is a path traversing an array of points and is very convoluted as a randam walk. This scan can be applied to sequential image transformation, instead of raster scan, and does not produce periodic patterns that are often observed in the case of raster scan. Also it is noted that the Peano scan has the same properties as that of quadtree or octree. If the distribution of values in a 2D or 3D array has clusters, then the clusters are preserved on the scan. This is the reason why this scan is applied to run-length compression and color quantization. The Peano scan, however, has restrictions in nature: the scanned array must be a square and the width and height must be a power of 2, because the scan is obtained by recursive division of the array, as quadtree. In the present article, some generalized Peano scans for any rectangular array are introduced, and halftoning is discussed as one of the applications of the Peano scans.
著者
金子 与止男
出版者
森林野生動物研究会
雑誌
森林野生動物研究会誌 (ISSN:09168265)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, pp.7-15, 2012-03-29 (Released:2017-10-03)

冬季に多量の降雪のある新潟県の低山帯で越冬鳥類の個体数調査を実施した.得られたデータを用い,食性・採食場所にもとつくニッチ占有タイプ,群れで生活するか単独で生活するかといった社会構造との関連を分析した.3冬季間に47種の鳥類が観察された.1977/78年の冬季は出現鳥類の個体数が少なかったが,1978/79年と1979/80年は個体数が多かった.個体数の多かった種は,シジュウカラ,カシラダカ,エナガ,アトリ,ホオジロ,スズメ,マヒワであった.積雪の多い1月と2月には,ホオジロのように地面で採食する鳥は調査地からいなくなった.多雪地の低山帯で冬季に見られる鳥類で個体数の多い優占種はシジュウカラやエナガなどの混群形成種であり,アトリやマヒワなど放浪性のあるアトリ科の鳥が多数飛来するときには前者を上回り優占種になると考えられた.
著者
角田 亘 安保 雅博
出版者
一般社団法人 日本脳卒中学会
雑誌
脳卒中 (ISSN:09120726)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.5, pp.340-345, 2016 (Released:2016-09-23)
参考文献数
11

我々は,反復性経頭蓋磁気刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; rTMS)を,脳の可塑性を高めるための介入(neural plasticity enhancer)と位置づけ,低頻度rTMS と集中的作業療法の併用療法(NEURO プロトコール)を脳卒中後上肢麻痺に対して行ってきた.2015 年3 月の時点で,すでに1,700 人以上の患者が15 日間の併用療法を施行されているが,結果として,本併用療法は安全に導入され,これにより麻痺側上肢運動機能が改善することが確認されている.さらに我々は,治療成績を向上させるためにtheta burst stimulation,レボドパ,アトモキセチン,ボツリヌス毒素注射などもプロトコールに応用している.今後は,rTMS によるneural plasticity enhancement が脳卒中リハの中核になるものと期待される.
著者
Tadashi Suzuki
出版者
Hattori Botanical Laboratory
雑誌
Hattoria (ISSN:21858241)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.9-223, 2016 (Released:2016-08-29)

New catalog of the Mosses of Japan prepared by Dr. Zennoske Iwatsuki (2004) is revised. This revised catalog lists all names of genera and species of mosses described or reported from Japan, based on literature available to the author up to the end of January 2016. The catalog is now comprised of 1270 species of mosses belonging to 342 genera. These taxa are listed in alphabetical order. Each valid epithet is followed by author citation, literature, distributional area in Japan, and Japanese name.
著者
TAKEYA YAMADA KAZUHISA BESSHO KENICHIRO MURAKAMI SHINSUKE HORI TADAHIKO IIZUKA NATSUKI SEGAMI
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF ORAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY
雑誌
ORAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY (ISSN:02881012)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.1, pp.18-22, 1998-04-01 (Released:2010-06-08)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
3

This study was conducted to asses the clinial efficacy of Sai-boku-to (Kanpo) in comparison to minor tranquilizer with vitamin B complex medication for the treatment of glossodynia.Either Sai-boku-to (7.5g per day) of minor tranquilizer (Diazepam) 6mg per day with vitamine B complex medication for three months was P. O. administered to 104 cases. The clinical examination was carried out in order to evaluate the subjective symptoms such as pain, heat sensation, and unpleasent feeling in comcomitant treatment of glossodynia.After three-month administration the success rates were 75.8 %, 87.1 %, and 88.7 % in the Sai-boku-to medication group and 73.8 %, 71.4 %, 69.0 % in the minor tranquilizer medication group. The Sai-boku-to medication group was significantry superior to the minor tranquilizer medication group. The side effect of the sleepiness was found in 13 cases in the minor tranquilizer medication group. On the contrary, a mild signs and symptoms of digestive discomfort was noted in three cases in the Sai-boku-to medication group.These results suggested that Sai-boku-to was a clinically useful drug for the treatment of glossodvnia.
著者
荻野 美里 富澤 直樹 安東 立正 荒川 和久 須納瀬 豊 竹吉 泉
出版者
日本臨床外科学会
雑誌
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:13452843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.5, pp.1341-1347, 2013 (Released:2013-11-25)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
3

神経内分泌腫瘍は肺,消化管,膵などで報告されているが肝原発は稀である.今回,肝原発神経内分泌癌を経験したので報告する.65歳男性で,平成18年に他院で食道癌切除術を受けた.病理は扁平上皮癌,pT1b(sm)N0M0 Stage Iであった.患者の希望で当院に通院していた.平成19年10月,繰り返す腸閉塞のため解除術を施行した.術前の画像診断では再発や重複癌はなかった.翌年2月,肝両葉に多数の腫瘍が出現.経皮的肝腫瘍生検では未分化癌と診断された.食道癌に準じた化学療法を行ったが,肝不全で死亡した.剖検では肝臓のほぼ全体が白色の充実性腫瘍で置換されており,chromogranin A,CD56が陽性で,MIB-1が45.8%と高値なため,肝原発神経内分泌癌と診断した.本症例では食道癌の既往があり針生検でも確定診断がつかなかったため,食道癌化学療法に準じた治療を行ったが,奏効しなかった.
著者
井上 裕香子 長谷川 寿一 齋藤 慈子 清成 透子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.88.16347, (Released:2018-01-15)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2

The Social Value Orientation (SVO) explains individual differences in cooperation attitudes. In this study, we examine whether the SVO affects the time taken, and amount of information gathered, when judging the trustworthiness of other people. Participants were able to choose a partner based on the past allocation patterns of candidates, mimicking how people are able to select with whom they cooperate in their social environments. We investigated the effect of the SVO on the method of gathering information on character and choosing a social exchange partner. The results revealed that participants with a prosocial (cooperative) orientation took less time to choose a partner, gathered less information, and tended to choose partners who behaved equally with everyone, compared to participants with an individualistic (selfish) orientation. Our findings suggest that people with a prosocial orientation prefer partners who treat everyone equally, regardless of the relationship, while people with an individualistic orientation deliberately seek out candidates who are likely to provide a relationship which is beneficial to themselves.
著者
Isamu KAYANE
出版者
Tokyo Geographical Society
雑誌
Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.98, no.2, pp.128-138, 1989-04-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1

Both river and groundwater are mode of occurrence of water in the hydrologic cycle. Relation between river water and groundwater are discussed on the basis of groundwater flow system, whose water table configuration is controlled by the topography and the distribution of specific flux within the system by the geology. Examples of the relation are shown for sand dunes, mountains composed of permeable rocks, volcanoes, hills, uplands, alluvial fans and lowlands.
著者
神林 寿幸
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育学会
雑誌
教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.1, pp.25-35, 2015 (Released:2016-05-19)
参考文献数
22

近年、教員の多忙化が政策課題とされており、教育学研究でも事務処理などの周辺的職務に伴う教員の多忙化が複数指摘されてきた。しかしこれらの指摘は十分な実証に基づくものではなかった。そこで本稿では現存する1950~60年代と2000年代後半の教員の労働時間調査について、一般線形モデルを用いた比較を行った。その結果、1950~60年代に比べて、2000年代後半以降の教員は、事務処理等の周辺的職務に長い時間を費やしているとは必ずしもいえず、他方で教育活動(特に課外活動)に費やす時間が長いことが明らかとなった。