著者

戸江 哲理

出版者

京都大学

巻号頁・発行日

2011-11-24

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新制・課程博士

著者

山尾 徳雄

出版者

弓削商船高等専門学校

雑誌

紀要 (ISSN:03879291)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.145-152, 1985-02-28

著者

橋本 敬造

出版者

京都大學人文科學研究所

雑誌

東方學報 (ISSN:03042448)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, pp.323-343, 1987-03-31

著者

谷本 直人 藤村 考

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

情報処理学会研究報告マルチメディア通信と分散処理(DPS) (ISSN:09196072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, no.3, pp.37-42, 2005-01-19

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ネット・コミュニティにおいて提供される様々な情報の評判を定量化する方法を述べる。本稿で提案するEigenRumorアルゴリズムは、コミュニティの参加者による情報の提供と、提供された情報に対する参加者による評価という2種類の行為を参加者から情報へのリンクとみなし、リンク分析によりそのネット・コミュニティでの情報の評判をスコアリングする。本アルゴリズムは、コミュニティ参加者の貢献度も同時に算出するため、コミュニティの中の「良い」参加者を特定するためにも有効である。また、評判の算出で重要な「さくら攻撃」に対する耐性について評価した結果を報告する。This paper describes a method for quantifying the degree of reputation for information resources provided in Electronic communities. The EigenRumor algorithm, proposed here, calculates the reputation scores based on a link analysis approach by considering information provisioning and information evaluation actions as links from participants to information resources. This algorithm also calculates the contribution level of participants in the electronic community and it is used to identify "good" participant as well as "good" information. The robustness of the algorithms against "ballot stuffing" attack is also discussed.

著者

藤井 善蔵 奥田 史雄 高橋 徹郎 伊達 敏明 藤井 英雄 楠川 禮造 神代 昭 馬場 洋明

出版者

社団法人日本循環器学会

雑誌

Japanese circulation journal (ISSN:00471828)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, 1990-12-20

著者

郝 愛民 丸居 篤 原口 智和 中野 芳輔

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九州大学大学院農学研究院学芸雑誌 (ISSN:03686264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.339-346, 2006-10

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本研究は、中国カルチン沙地の土地利用状況と土壌の理化学性との関与を明らかにするため、農牧交錯区である奈曼旗において砂地、従来の草原地と灌木地、砂地をポプラで緑化した林地、および草原地を農地に開墾した畑地と水田の植物種分布と土壌理化学性を調査した。各調査地で、植生改善の回復現状は人工植被から複雑な灌木群落へ変遷する過程がみられた。理化学性では、含水比と有機物含有量の3層および陽イオン交換容量の表層では、水田>畑地>林地>草原地>灌木地〉砂地の順に低くなっている。pHは採取土壌の全てが8.04-10.29とアルカリ土壊であった。ECはとくに畑地表層部において0.59mS/cmと高かった。土壌の比重は2.55g/cm3から2.68g/cm3と大差は認められなかった。それぞれの地点で採取した土壌の構成粒子径の比較では、水田と畑地で粘土が7%、粘土からシルトが約50%で残りは粗砂であった。また、修復された林地では約70%が微細な砂土で残りは粗砂であり、灌木地、草原地、砂地では約40%が細砂で残りは粗砂であった。保水性については、有効水分量をpF1.8-pF4.2として深度0-30cmの砂地、灌木地、林地の体積含水比の比較によると、それぞれ3%、8%、17%と植生回復の効果が認められた。土地利用の際に利用状況と理化学性の関与に注意すべき点を把握するのは、カルチン沙地の生態環境の保全および農牧業の可持続的発展に不可欠であることが示唆された。

著者

吉村 弘

出版者

山口大学

雑誌

山口經濟學雜誌 (ISSN:05131758)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.419-444, 1998-07-31

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本稿は,平成6年度のデータにもとづいて,全国市区の人口規模と諸歳出費目との間の信頼できる関係を導出し,それによって,現代日本の実態に即して,最適都市規模を推計し,さらに,市町村合併の効果を推計しようとするものである。その主要な結果は次の通りである。(1)対数表示の「人口当たり歳出」は,対数表示の「都市規模(人口規模)」の「下に凸の2次関数」として極めてよく(有意水準0.01で有意な関係として)説明される。(2)歳出からみた最適都市規模は人口20万人程度であり,それより小さい都市規模については規模の経済が働き,それより大きな都市については規模の不経済が作用する。(3)人口当たり歳出総額は,人口規模とともにはじめ急激に減少し,人口20万人程度で最低点に到達し,その後緩やかに増加する。したがって,歳出総額からみるとき,人口規模が20万人より小さな行政区域,とりわけ人口10万人以下の行政区域の合併は,その効果が極めて大きい。(4)「広域市町村圏」に属する全国の2929の市町村が広域市町村圏毎に合併して,341の市を構成したときの歳出節減効果は1年間に約3兆7100億円で,これは,同圏域の平成6年度歳出総額の約12.9%に相当する。この節減額は,高速道路建設費に換算すると約740キロメートル(東京・岡山県新見間)に相当し,また,新幹線に換算すると620キロメートル(東京・西明石間)に相当する。(5)行政サービスの便益を考慮すると,さらに次のことが分かる。・限界歳出曲線の最低点より大きな都市規模については,人口規模の増大につれて限界歳出総額が緩やかに上昇するので,行政サービスの限界便益の変化に対して,最適都市規模は敏感に反応する。・行政サービスの公共財的性質が強くなるほど,最適都市規模は大きくなる。

著者

堀内 美穂

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.41-44, 2010 (Released:2010-04-01)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

高木 智世 Takagi Tomoyo

出版者

筑波大学人文社会科学研究科現代語・現代文化専攻

雑誌

論叢現代語・現代文化 (ISSN:18830358)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.47-64, 2009-10-30

著者

阿部 智恵子 樫田 美雄 岡田 光弘

出版者

筑波社会学会

雑誌

年報筑波社会学 (ISSN:09163336)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.17-51, 2001-10

著者

入澤 崇 宮治 昭 吉田 豊 山田 明爾 井上 陽 山田 明爾 井上 陽

出版者

龍谷大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2006

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アフガニスタン中央部バーミヤーンを中心としたハザラジャート地域において仏教がどの程度広がりをもっていたか、またバーミヤーン以西へどれほど仏教が及んでいたかについて現地調査を行った結果、8世紀前半にバンデ・アミール川流域に仏教が及んでいたことが判明した。

著者

坂本 賢三

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人文科学研究 (ISSN:02862700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.117-142, 1966-10-15

著者

木村 宗吉

出版者

慶應義塾大学

雑誌

史学 (ISSN:03869334)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.465-503, 1970-12

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一 はじめに二 タイ文史科と従来の諸研究三 呉氏の墓碑と神主四 若干の問題五 おわりにIt is well-known that a large number of Chinese left their native land and emigrated to the Southeast Asian countries, largely due to the upheavals associated with the transition from the Ming dynasty to the Ch'ing. However, it has recently been noted that such Chinese refugees or their descendants were not only engaged in trade, commerce and so forth, but also that some of them attained political power in Southeast Asian countries from the latter half of the 17th century to the latter half of the 18th century. Among these, Dr. Chen Ching-ho noticed in his article that Mac-〓玖 of-Ha-tien 河仙, Chen Chao 鄭昭 in Siam, Lo Fang-po 羅芳伯 of Pontianak in western Borneo and Wu Jang 呉譲 of Songkhla in the Malay Peninsular region of present-day Thailand were contemporaries who were supported by groups of their fellow Cantonese, Teochiu, Hakka and Fukien countrymen, respectively. Of these four men, the first three have already been the object of considerable scholarly research. But so far, little research has been done on Wu Jang. Wu I-lin 呉翊麟 was the first man to make an on-the-spot investigation of the tombstones and Shen-chu 神主, or ancestral tablets, of the Wu family, and he proposed a new theory regarding the family line on the basis of this investigation and various Thai records; the details may be found in Sung-k'a Chih 宋〓誌, or the Topography of Songkhla, by Wu I-lin (published in Taipei in 1968). The author of the present article also investigated the tombstones and ancestral tablets of the Wu family at Songkhla in August of 1969, compared his own observations with those of Wu I-lin, and noticed certain problems. According to Phongsawadan Muang Songkhla, or the Chronicle of Songkhla, by Phraya Wichiankhiri (Chom-the eighth of the Wu family governors of Songkhla), Wu Jang emigrated to Songkhla from Fukien Province in 1750. He worked in and around Songkhla as a vegetable gardener, fisherman, and merchant, and won favor with the populace of Songkhla. In 1767, Ayutthaya, the capital, was captured and sacked by Burmese invaders. Subsequently, Cheng Chao, or Phraya Taksin, repelled the Burmese invaders, proclaimed himself King of Siam, and established a new capital at Thonburi. At that time, only the central part of Siam came under his influence, the other part being controlled by the former royal family or retainer of the Ayutthaya dynasty. In 1769, King Taksin mounted an expedition to Nakhon Sithammarat and Songkhla, and consolidated his power in the south. In recognition of the loyal services of Wu Jang during this period, King Taksin appointed him excise officer for swallow's nests on two islands in Songkhla Lake, enobled him with the title of Luang, and took his third son back to the capital as a royal page. Wu Jang was an efficient tax farmer and regularly remitted the annual revenues to the capital. In 1775, King Taksin duly rewarded his loyalty and ability by appointing him governor of Songkhla. Wu Jang survived the change of dynasties in 1782, and served as a governor until his death. Subsequently, the governorship of Songkhla was passed on by hereditary succession until the eighth governor retired in the reign of Rama the fifth of the present dynasty. It is a noteworthy fact that an overseas Chinese and his descendants maintained local political power for such a long period, i. e., about one hundred and twenty years. The author examined the twenty-one tombstones and six ancestral tablets mentioned by Wu I-lin, referring also to Thai records. The author found that the tombstone No. 19 listed by Wu I-lin did not, in fact, belong to the Wu family. The author also felt that, in certain cases, there was insufficient evidence to identify the particular members of the family to whom some of the Wu tombstones belonged. The author observed that the personal names in Chinese characters found on the tombstones or ancestral tablets can be divided into three categories: (1) True Chinese names, that is, Wu Jang, his sons' names, most of his grandsons' names, etc. (2) Transliterations of Thai names: for example, Mien 綿 (Fukienese pronunciation: Min), the name of the sixth governor, is merely a transliteration of his Thai name, Men, and his brother's name, Sheng 省 (Fukienese : Sieng) is also a transliteration of his Thai name, Saeng. (3) Combinations of the tzu-pei 字輩, or the Chinese character used to distinguish the different generations (Each member of any given generation has the same character in his name, so that his position in the genealogical tree can be determined), and the transliteration of the Thai name: for example, Hsiian Lieh 宣列 (Fukienese: Soan Liet), the name of the first son of Men, is a combination of 宣 which is the tzu-pei of the fifth generation of this family, and the transliteration of his Thai name, Net; the names of all his brothers are also composed in this manner. The above-mentioned examples are merely a few among the many in this category. Generally speaking, from the great-grandchildren of Wu Jang downward, Thai names occur with increasing frequency. Wu Jang and his group came to Songkhla from China as agricultural emigrants during the last period of the Ayutthaya dynasty, when Siam was in chaos. Since Wu Jang was appointed governor of Songkhla, his family and descendants were dedicated servants of the successive Thai kings, and various titles were conferred upon them. Consequently, the Wu family were rapidly assimilated into Thai society, although part of the Wu family did attempt to preserve their Chinese cultural heritage. It seems that in general, assimilation was already well under way in the days of Wu Jang's great-grandchildren, and the Chinese cultural identity of the family eventually disappeared. Finally the author sincerely hopes that the tombstones of the Wu family will be restored as soon as possible, since some of them are already in ruins. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Chen Ching-ho of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, who offered valuable suggestions and guidance, regarding Fukienese pronunciation; to Mr. Tan Yeok-seong, who lives in Singapore and supplied valuable information; to Professor Chin You-di, the Head of the Archaeological Section of the National Museum in Bangkok, and Mr. Arphorn Na Songkhla (a descendant of Wu Jang) of the Conservation Laboratory of the National Museum in Bangkok, who supplied valuable information; to the venerable Mr. Phraya Aphirak Ratchautthayan, the third son of the eighth governor of Songkhla, who lives in the suburbs of Songkhla city and permitted the author to inspect and photograph the ancestral tablets; and to Mr. Suchat Rattanaprakan, who also lives in Songkhla and offered a great deal of useful advice concerning the investigation of the tombstones in Songkhla. However, the author himself must assume sole responsibility for the opinions expressed in the present article, and for any errors which may appear therein.

著者

大澤 広嗣

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究 (ISSN:03873293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.913-914, 2008-03-30

著者

村江 達士 露木 孝彦 西浜 忠明 増田 昭三 高橋 武美

出版者

天然有機化合物討論会実行委員会

雑誌

天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.219-226, 1969

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Three new bitter principles, nigakilactone A, B and C and a known bitter principle, quassin (nigakilactone D), were isolated from Picrasma ailanthoides Planchon (Japanese name: nigaki, Simaroubaceae). Nigakilactone A, B and C were shown to be closely related lactones in the following way. Methylation of nigakilactone A (I), C_<21>H_<30>O_6, m.p. 237.5-238°, with CH_3I-Ag_2O-DMF gave nigakilactone B (II), C_<22>H_<30>O_6, m.p. 278.5°, which was formed by alkaline hydrolysis of nigakilactone C (III), C_<24>H_<34>O_7, m.p. 252.5-253°. The latter compound (III) was obtained on acetylation of II with Ac_2O-pyridine. Nigakilactone A (I) afforded a monoacetate (IV) by acetylation with Ac_2O-pyridine. On oxidation with Na_2Cr_2O_7 in acetic acid, IV yielded a keto-acetate (V). Oxidation of I with CrO_3-pyridine gave an α-ketol (VI), which was oxidized with Bi_2O_3 to afford a diosphenol (VII). On methylation with dimethyl sulfate and alkali, VII gave a methylated diosphenol (VIII), which was shown to be identical with quassin (XI). From these findings, along with the PMR spectrum of I, the structure of nigakilactone A is established as I. PMDR experiment on III, afforded the evidence for the presence of a partial structure (C). These observations lead to the structure III for nigakilactone C and the structure II for nigakilactone B. Nigakilactone D was found to be identical with quassin.

著者

Tomotaka WADA Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI Kouichi MUTSUURA Hiromi OKADA

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (ISSN:09168508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E95-A, no.1, pp.313-316, 2012-01-01

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Many researchers have recently studied various applications such as Inter-Vehicle Communications (IVC) and Road-to-Vehicle Communications (RVC) for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). RVC is a key technology that can connect vehicles with the internet through Road Side Units (RSUs). Relative positions between vehicles vary within short periods of time. Neighboring vehicles and barriers cause shadowing that blocks communication for extended periods of time between RSUs and vehicles. We propose a fast scheme of Mobile IPv6 handover using dual-band communications in RVC. This scheme uses ISM and UHF dual bands. It switches to the UHF band during handover or in the shadowing period. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme can establish continuous communications through computer simulations.

著者

井野 博満

出版者

アグネ技術センター

雑誌

金属 (ISSN:03686337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.12, pp.1339-1345, 2007-12

著者

黛 正己

出版者

アグネ技術センター

雑誌

金属 (ISSN:03686337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.12, pp.1153-1159, 2008-12

著者

広井 良典

出版者

千葉商科大学

雑誌

CUC view & vision (ISSN:13420542)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.6-11, 2008-03

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社会保障に関する議論がますます活発化しているが、本稿では、これからの日本における社会保障のあり方について、新たな課題を中心に考察を行いたい。

著者

柏谷 博之

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Science Museum Ser. B Botany (ISSN:03852431)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.p129-133, 1988-12

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Full description based on fertile specimens is given to Ramalina hossei VAIN., which has long been overlooked by lichenologists. Variation of secondary products of the species is also discussed.