著者

Ikuko Kusaba Takahiro Nakao Hiroko Maita Shusei Sato Ryota Chijiiwa Emi Yamada Susumu Arima Mareshige Kojoma Kanji Ishimaru Ryo Akashi Akihiro Suzuki

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.57-66, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3

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Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is a medicinal plant that contains glycyrrhizin (GL), which has various pharmacological activities. Because licorice is a legume, it can establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. However, the effect of this symbiosis on GL production is unknown. Rhizobia were isolated from root nodules of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and a rhizobium that can form root nodules in G. uralensis was selected. Whole-genome analysis revealed a single circular chromosome of 6.7 Mbp. This rhizobium was classified as Mesorhizobium by phylogenetic analysis and was designated Mesorhizobium sp. J8. When G. uralensis plants grown from cuttings were inoculated with J8, root nodules formed. Shoot biomass and SPAD values of inoculated plants were significantly higher than those of uninoculated controls, and the GL content of the roots was 3.2 times that of controls. Because uninoculated plants from cuttings showed slight nodule formation, we grew plants from seeds in plant boxes filled with sterilized vermiculite, inoculated half of the seedlings with J8, and grew them with or without 100 µM KNO3. The SPAD values of inoculated plants were significantly higher than those of uninoculated plants. Furthermore, the expression level of the CYP88D6 gene, which is a marker of GL synthesis, was 2.5 times higher than in inoculated plants. These results indicate that rhizobial symbiosis promotes both biomass and GL production in G. uralensis.

著者

Mugito Kato Hajime Shiota

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.31-36, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2

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Japanese honewort (Cryptotaenia japonica) is consumed as a traditional vegetable and has medicinal applications. In Japan, C. japonica is mainly produced using hydroponic culture systems; however, damping-off is often caused by the adherence of pathogens to its seeds. Therefore, the use of sterile artificial seeds in hydroponic culture is likely to be effective for preventing disease. In this study, we established methods for stress-induced somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production in Japanese honewort. Shoot apex explants from seedlings were treated with 0.7 M sucrose as a hyperosmotic stress for 3 or 6 weeks, and then transferred to stress-free conditions. Somatic embryos were formed after culture in stress-free conditions for 7 weeks. Stress-treated shoot apex explants that formed somatic embryos were cultured in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium with shaking. After 2 weeks of culture, approximately 800 somatic embryos were formed from each explant. Somatic embryos were formed continuously during 37 weeks under the same culture conditions. Thus, somatic embryogenesis was effectively induced in Japanese honewort via hyperosmotic stress, and embryogenic competence was maintained under stress- and phytohormone-free conditions. The somatic embryos produced by liquid culture were used to produce artificial seeds by enveloping the embryos in whipped alginate gel to avoid hypoxic conditions. The artificial seeds had a high germination rate (72%). This system is suitable for the sterile, highly productive hydroponic culture of Japanese honewort.

著者

Masato Araragi Airi Ikeura Toshiki Uchiumi

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.23-30, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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Many abiotic stresses induce the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in plant tissues, where it functions as a signal molecule in stress responses. Plants modulate NO by oxidizing it to NO3− with plant hemoglobin (GLB), because excess NO is toxic to cells. At least eight genes encoding GLB have been identified in soybean, in three clades: GLB1, GLB2, and GLB3. However, it is still unclear which GLB genes are responsible for NO regulation under abiotic stress in soybean. We exposed soybean roots to flooding, salt, and two NO donors—sodium pentacyanonitrosylferrate (III) dihydrate (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP)—and analyzed expression of GLB genes. GmGLB1, one of two GLB1 genes of soybean, significantly responded to both SNP and SNAP, and its induction was almost completely repressed by a NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. GmGLB1 responded to flooding but not to salt, suggesting that it is responsible for NO regulation under NO-inducing abiotic stresses such as flooding. GmGLB3, one of two GLB3 genes of soybean, did not respond to NO donors at all but did respond to flooding, at a lower level than GmGLB1. These results suggest that flooding induces not only NO but also unknown factor(s) that induce GmGLB3 gene in soybean.

著者

牧野 泰美

出版者

独立行政法人国立特別支援教育総合研究所

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2016-04-01

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本研究では、吃音のある子どものレジリエンス(精神的な回復力、立ち直る力)とその向上に関する知見として、レジリエンスは、人間関係、主体性、ユーモア、創造性、コミュニケーション等により構築されること、吃音問題との関連としては、折り合い、仲間、客観視、気持ちの解放、笑い、感情の対処、他者信頼等が重要な要素であること、子ども自身が吃音を対象化できること等の重要性が整理された。上記の観点を踏まえた指導・支援として、子どもと教師が対等に対話を進め、吃音について語ることができる実践内容・方法を検討・提案した。

著者

Leila Riahi Marwa Snoussi Mériam Ben Romdhane Nejia Zoghlami

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.17-22, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3

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Tunisian pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) landraces are still growing in contrasting agro-ecological environments and are considered potentially useful for national and international breeders. Despite its genetic potential, the cropping areas of this species are still limited and scattered which increases the risk of genetic erosion. The chloroplast DNA polymorphism and maternal lineages classification of forty nine pearl millet landraces representing seven populations covering the main distribution area of this crop in Tunisia were undertaken based on informative cpSSR molecular markers. A total of 21 alleles combining to 9 haplotypes were detected with a mean value of 3.5 alleles per locus and a haplotype genetic diversity (Hd) of 0.82. The number of chloroplast haplotypes per population ranged from 1 to 4 with an average of 1.28. The haplotypes median-joining network and UPGMA analyses revealed two probable ancestral maternal lineages with a differential pearl millet seed-exchange rate between the investigated areas. Northern and Central populations presented unique genetic backgrounds while historical farmers’ practices in the South-East area resulted in the isolation of their own local landraces. The genetic evidences strongly support at least two introduction origins of pearl millet in Tunisia, one in the North and the other in the South followed by distinct local dispersal histories. Complementary in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies taking into account the conservation of the maternal lineage cytoplasmic diversity are required. The investigated chloroplast SSRs provide useful molecular markers which could be used in further genetic studies and breeding surveys of pearl millet genetic resources.

著者

三田 修三 長倉 弘幸 勝見 則和 堀田 滋 川合 清行 村上 元一

出版者

公益社団法人 自動車技術会

雑誌

自動車技術会論文集 (ISSN:02878321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.5, pp.799-804, 2014 (Released:2018-01-25)

参考文献数

8

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シリンダボアのクロスハッチ形状を考慮した潤滑モデルを開発し,ピストンリング列-シリンダボア間の摩擦特性予測に適用した.クロスハッチ角の縮小(30°→10°)に伴い,油膜形成が促進されて摩擦平均有効圧が1kPa 以上低減できることを予測し,実部品を用いたラボ計測および浮動ライナ法での実動時測定により効果を確認した.

著者

Yuko Maki Hiroshi Soejima Toru Kitamura Tamizi Sugiyama Takeo Sato Masaaki K. Watahiki Junji Yamaguchi

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.9-16, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

9

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Bokashi fertilizer, an organic fertilizer made of plant residue, has been used in Japan not only to fertilize plants but to regulate their growth. Lactic acid bacteria have been found to play an important role in the fermentation process of Bokashi, but the relationship between these bacteria and plant growth activity has not been clarified. Using the adzuki rooting assay, this study identified 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA) produced by lactic acid bacteria as a root promoting compound in Bokashi. PLA showed synergistic effect with tryptophan, but no stem elongation activity. Lactic acid bacteria produced equal quantities of the L- and D-forms of PLA, which have similar root promoting activity. PLA did not significantly affect the amount of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), although the chemical structure of PLA is highly similar to that of L-2-aminooxy-3-phenypropionic acid (L-AOPP), which inhibits IAA biosynthesis. These results indicate that the root promoting activity of PLA is not simply due to its increase in the amount of active auxin.

著者

山崎 しおり 稲谷 ふみ枝 野中 雅代 Masayo Nonaka

出版者

久留米大学大学院心理学研究科

雑誌

久留米大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13481029)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.57-61, 2010

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近年,高齢者に対する心理的援助の技法として回想法が注目されており,国内でも福祉,介護場面で広く実践されている。本研究では,この回想がライフサイクルにおける老年期の特徴的な現象であるのか,1)日常的な回想頻度やその質的内容について,2)中年者と高齢者を比較し,さらに3)心理的ウェルビーイングと回想の質との関係について明らかにすることを目的とした。方法:65歳以上の高齢者34名(平均72.6歳)と,50歳代の中年者44 名(平均51.4歳)を対象とし,測定尺度は,①肯定的回想尺度,②否定的回想尺度,③再評価傾向尺度,④回想の頻度,⑤心理的ウェルビーイング尺度の5つを用いて,質問紙調査を2008年7月から8 月に実施した。その結果,「回想の頻度」で高齢者と中年者との間に有意差が認められ,内容としては「ひまなとき」,「何かで悩んでいるとき」,「寝るときや眠れないとき」の3場面で高齢群が中年群より有意に高いことが示された。さらに心理的ウェルビーイングが高い高齢者は良質の回想をする傾向が高く,回想の頻度も高いことが示された。これらの分析から,成人後期以降の回想の特徴と心理的ウェルビーイングとの関係が明らかとなり,高齢者に対して回想法を適用することの妥当性が示唆された。

著者

Reira Suzuki Takashi Ueda Takuji Wada Masaki Ito Takashi Ishida Shinichiro Sawa

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-8, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

5

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Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita) are phytoparasitic nematodes that cause significant damage to crop plants worldwide. Recent studies have revealed that RKNs disrupt various physiological processes in host plant cells to induce gall formation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of gall formation induced by nematodes. We have previously found that RNA expression levels of some of genes related to micro-RNA, cell division, membrane traffic, vascular formation, and meristem maintenance system were modified by nematode infection. Here we evaluated these genes importance during nematode infection by using Arabidopsis mutants and/or β-glucronidase (GUS) marker genes, particularly after inoculation with nematodes, to identify the genes involved in successful nematode infection. Our results provide new insights not only for the basic biology of plant–nematode interactions but also to improve nematode control in an agricultural setting.

著者

石井 満 門田 幸久

出版者

尚美学園大学芸術情報学部

雑誌

尚美学園大学芸術情報学部紀要 (ISSN:13471023)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.1-16, 2004-03

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テレビジョン放送の歌謡番組では、カメラワークとスイッチングの技法を駆使して、歌手などがスタジオにて演奏、歌唱する様子が撮影される。これらの独特な映像表現の機能について楽曲分析を交えた事例研究によって考察した。歌謡番組の撮影は、被写体の変化が少ない中で歌手の顔を良く見せ、音楽の流れにそった形で変化をつけるという繰り返しが基本構造である。この冗長性を緩和するためにも多彩な構図と動きのあるカメラワークや印象的なショットの接続が必要とされる。事例においても音楽の高揚を表現するため、アップショットの提示と近接する動きが多用されていたが、これらの必然的な強調にも音楽の構造に基づく段階がある。限られたカメラ台数によってなされる撮影技法のバリエーションでは適切な表現と冗長性の緩和の両立は難しい。

著者

松田 憲 楠見 孝 細見 直宏 長 篤志 三池 秀敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.3, pp.240-247, 2014 (Released:2014-08-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 1

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This study examined the influence of familiarity and novelty on the mere exposure effect while manipulating the presentation of background information. We selected presentation stimuli that integrated cars and backgrounds based on the results of pilot studies. During the exposure phase, we displayed the stimuli successively for 3 seconds, manipulating the background information (same or different backgrounds with each presentation) and exposure frequency (3, 6, and 9 times). In the judgment phase, 18 participants judged the cars in terms of preference, familiarity, and novelty on a 7-point scale. As the number of stimulus presentations increased, the preference for the cars increased during the different background condition and decreased during the same background condition. This increased preference may be due to the increase in familiarity caused by the higher exposure frequency and novelty resulting from the background changes per exposure session. The rise in preference judgments was not seen when cars and backgrounds were presented independently. Therefore, the addition of novel features to each exposure session facilitated the mere exposure effect.

著者

永井 尚美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会

雑誌

臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.217-222, 2010 (Released:2010-11-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 1

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Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) is useful to understand the quantitative relationship between drug exposure and pharmacological outcome. In recent years, results of the pharmacokinetic analysis of Japanese patients have been frequently included in the new drug application dossier. Also, not only pharmacokinetics, there are an increasing number of cases where clarifying the relationships between pharmacokinetics and efficacy/safety data. Furthermore, PK-PD analysis has been applied to a growing range of drug development program, for example designing subsequent clinical studies using the modeling and simulation technique. The value and applied cases of PK-PD modeling and simulation in drug development have been discussing past several years, and the regulatory bodies and ICH (International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) have published related documents and guidelines. The integration of information obtained during pre-clinical and early-phase clinical development and application of PK-PD modeling and simulation to a clinical drug development program is thought to be one of the powerful and scientific approaches for planning high-quality, speedy and cost-effective drug development program. However, it is a newly emerging approach especially in clinical drug development, therefore building multi-disciplinary teams, educating/training the professionals, collecting experiences to make database and intensive communication among different professionals are essential. This article reviews the current situation of this approach in Japan and regulatory point of view of the role of PK-PD modeling and simulation in drug development and approval.

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1947年06月10日, 1947-06-10

著者

小澤 一仁

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.1, pp.146-167, 2008-02-25 (Released:2010-02-10)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

8 8

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The vicinity of the oceanic Mohorovicic discontinuity, transitional zone between the oceanic crust and mantle, is characterized by the common occurrence of dunite consisting mostly of olivine with small amounts of chromite. The most plausible formation mechanism of such dunite is believed to be an open-system reaction between pyroxene-bearing mantle peridotites, residues of partial melting, and basaltic silicate melts, partial melting products and the main ingredient of the oceanic crust. It is, therefore, important to specify the reaction stoichiometry and rates of influx and separation of basaltic melt involved in the reaction to better understand the formation mechanism of the transitional zone. Geological, petrological, and geochemical observations of ancient oceanic crust-mantle sections (ophiolites) and dredging and drilling of the current ocean floors provide key information for constraining the reaction processes. The status quo of studies on ophiolites and the ocean floor related to this subject is reviewed.

著者

新田 光子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.105-128, 1984-09-30 (Released:2017-02-15)

著者

手島 直美 脇田 裕久 Teshima Naomi Wakita Hirohisa

出版者

三重大学教育学部

雑誌

三重大学教育学部研究紀要. 自然科学・人文科学・社会科学・教育科学 (ISSN:03899225)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.21-31, 2006-03-31

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本研究は、健常な女子大学生15名を対象として、直立姿勢から「抜き動作」と「蹴り動作」の2条件による一歩踏み出す前進動作を行わせ、両動作の差異を筋電図および床反力を手がかりとして比較・検討した。本研究の「蹴り動作」を基準とした「抜き動作」の結果は以下の通りである。1)筋放電量は、主動筋である大腿直筋に0.1%水準の有意な増大、腓腹筋には0.1%水準の有意な減少が認められた。2)鉛直分力は、ピーク値が5%水準の有意な増大、力積には0.1%水準の有意な減少が認められた。抜重に伴う鉛直分力の最小値は、被験者体重の71%であった。3)水平分力は、ピーク値が1%水準の有意な増大、力積と平均水平分力には0.1%水準の有意な増大が認められた。4)キック角度は、0.1%水準の有意な減少が認められた。5)前進速度は0.1%水準の有意な増大が認められた。6)動作時間は、前傾動作時間が1%水準、全動作時間には0.1%水準の有意な短縮が認められた。「蹴り動作」を基準とした「抜き動作」の相対値は、腓腹筋放電量が56%の減少、前傾動作時間が22%の短縮、鉛直成分の力積が11%の減少、動作時間が11%の短縮、キック角度が1%の減少、鉛直分力のピーク値が7%の増大、水平成分の力積が12%の増大、水平分力のピーク値が15%の増大、大腿直筋放電量が49%の増大であり、これらの結果は、「抜き動作」が「蹴り動作」に比較して末梢筋活動の軽減・床反力の増大・動作時間の短縮といった多くの利点を有する効率的な動作であることを示唆するものである。

著者

三戸 暁 町田 邦郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 A編 (ISSN:03875008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.394, pp.559-566, 1979-06-25 (Released:2008-02-21)

参考文献数

11

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伸びの異なる2種類の金属繊維を用いて,エポキシ樹脂を強化した複合材料を試作し,その常温クリープ挙動を調べた.その結果,伸びの小さいタングステン繊維を含む複合材料は,みかけ上遷移,定常,加速クリープを示し,繊維,母材ともに破断したが,体積率の小さな試験片ではタングステン繊維にマルチプルネッキングが生じた.一方,伸び大きいステンレス繊維を含む複合材料は,対数クリープだけを示し,この傾向は高体積率,低応力になるほど著しく,また,クリープ破断は母材だけでおこり,繊維は母材から引き抜けた.

著者

川合 英夫 Hideo Kawai

出版者

日本海洋学会

雑誌

海の研究 (ISSN:09168362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.351-359, 2001-07-05

参考文献数

12

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江戸時代中期の瀬戸内海では「潮汐界」(シヲサカヒ) は, その両側で上げ潮時の潮流が逆向きとなる潮汐の境界を意味していた (森 幸安, 1754)。内海舟運で行われた潮待などの実際面で「潮汐界」の情報が役立ったため, この語が使われたのだろう。北原 (1912, 1921) は「潮合(線)」を寒暖二流 (実は二水塊) の境界という意味で使っていた。「潮境」を浮遊物の集積する海流収斂線や異色水塊の境界という意味で, 最初に使ったのは宇田 (1931) である。しかし宇田が傾倒してやまない北原が使った「潮合(線)」の代わりに「潮境」を使い始めた動機は謎である。もしかすると, すでに「潮境」が外海漁業者の間で広く使われていたという経緯も考えられる。「潮合(線)」も「潮境」も海軍水路部の重松や岸人らでは使われず, 水産試験機関の北原や宇田らに限って使われたことは,「潮合(線)」「潮境」の情報が水産試験研究の実際面で役立ったためだろう。A term "Shiwo-Sakahi" (潮汐界), used in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan in the middle Edo Period (Mori, 1754), is interpreted to mean a boundary zone, on both sides of which the current direction from the low tide to the high tide becomes opposite. This term must have spread, because such information on tidal currents was useful for the practical aspect, related to the waiting in port until the tidal current shifts to a favorable direction. Kitahara (1912, 1921) used terms "Shio-Ai" (潮合) and "Shio^Ai-Sen" (潮合線) to mean a boundary between warm and cold currents, but actually warm and cold water-masses. While Nagatsuka (1906) used a term "Shio-Me" (潮目, current-rip) to mean a boundary between cold river water and warm seawater in his traditional Japanese poem, Uda (1929a) used this term to mean a line of accumulation of drifting matter accompanied by a thermal front in his scientific report. Uda (1931) also used a term "Shio-Zakai" (潮境) for the first time to mean a line of current convergence or a boundary between two water-masses with different colors. However, the motive for Uda, an ardent admirer of Kitahara, to have started using "Shio-Zakai" instead of "Shio-Ai-Sen" used by Kitahara, is still mysterious. Possibly "Shio-Zakai" might have already spread among fishermen in open seas. The terms "Shio-Ai" and "Shio-Zakai" were not used by Shigematsu and Kishindo of the Hydrographic Office, Japanese navy, but were used by Kitahara and Uda of fisheries experimental organizations. This is probably because these terms were useful for the practical aspect of the fisheries oceanography.

著者

箕輪 允智

出版者

東洋大学法学会

雑誌

東洋法学 = TOYOHOGAKU

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.255(76)-330(1), 2017-03

著者

高橋 正樹 三須 俊彦 合志 清一 藤田 欣裕

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会論文誌. D-II, 情報・システム, II-パターン処理 (ISSN:09151923)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.8, pp.1672-1680, 2005-08-01

被引用文献数

22

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画像内の物体(オブジェクト)抽出技術を用いて野球映像からボールを抽出し, その位置情報をもとに投球軌跡CGを作画する手法を考案した. 複数の画像間差分を利用して高速移動オブジェクトを抽出し, 様々な画像特徴のフィルタリングを行うことでボールオブジェクトのみをロバストに選定する. またカルマンフィルタと最小二乗法を併用したボールの位置予測処理を行い, 高速な自動追跡処理, 及び高輝度領域(打者のユニフォーム部分や白字広告部分等)での軌跡作画を実現した. 本手法を利用し, 投球軌跡作画装置(B-Motion)を開発した. 野球中継においては新たなカメラの設置やキャリブレーションの必要がないため, 運用が容易である. 2004年よりNHKプロ野球中継, スポーツ教育番組にて放送応用を実現している. 本論文ではまず高速なボール抽出・追跡手法について述べ, 続いて軌跡作画手法及び装置の構成や特徴について述べる. 最後に本装置を放送へ応用した結果を報告する.