著者

中尾 央

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.1-8, 2012-09-30 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

46

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This paper analyzes modularity in biological and cultural evolution. Evolutionarily modularized or quasi-independent biological traits can vary relatively independently from other traits and have higher variability, and developmentally modularized biological traits have robust developmental processes and higher variability and heritability. First, I point out that these two concepts should not be confused. Second, by focusing on the concept of evolutionary modularity, I argue that it can increase (and actually have increased at least in some cases) evolvability also in the context of cultural evolution if cultures are modularized through looking at some specific examples of cultural evolution.

著者

Iara Katrynne F OLIVEIRA Vanessa C CARVALHO Gabriela S SANTOS Nayara V N MONTEIRO Margarete A F AZEVEDO Carlos Henrique R LIMA Emídio M M NETO Maria do Carmo C MARTINS Liania A LUZIA Patrícia H C RONDÓ Adriana A PAIVA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.6, pp.395-401, 2023-12-31 (Released:2023-12-31)

参考文献数

33

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The role of vitamin A in the pathophysiological context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a current challenge, given the major impact of COVID-19 on morbidity and mortality and the importance of retinol in pulmonary and immunomodulatory functions. The aim of this review is to assess the relationship between vitamin A nutritional status and clinical outcomes in people with COVID-19. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were used to search for observational studies that assessed retinol levels in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19, following the PRISMA recommendations. A total of 1,912 articles were identified and seven met the inclusion criteria. Four studies showed borderline or deficient retinol blood levels (retinol <0.20 mg/L or <0.70 mol/L) in people with COVID-19, associated with worsened clinical outcomes. In the other three studies lower mean values of this vitamin were identified in COVID-19 symptomatic groups compared to asymptomatic or convalescent groups that showed worse clinical outcomes. The results suggest a possible association between retinol and COVID-19 outcomes. However, there is a clear need to develop clinical trials to elucidate the role of vitamin A in the pathophysiological process of COVID-19.

著者

三林 優樹

出版者

昭和文学会

雑誌

昭和文学研究 (ISSN:03883884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, pp.16-30, 2023 (Released:2023-11-11)

著者

百々 寛洋

出版者

一般社団法人 ターボ機械協会

雑誌

ターボ機械 (ISSN:03858839)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.9, pp.588-591, 1987-09-10 (Released:2011-07-11)

著者

天野 暁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本リハビリテーション医学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:18813526)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.9, pp.774-780, 2020-09-18 (Released:2020-10-22)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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現在の脳卒中リハビリテーション領域の上肢機能関連研究においては,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)とAction Research Arm Testが重要な位置を占めている.両ツールともに,本邦における使用環境も整っており,通常の臨床業務での利用も推奨される.仮にFMAの実施時間が負担になるのであれば,短縮版FMAを導入することで,臨床業務とのバランスが取れる可能性がある.臨床研究デザインを評価視点で一段階引き上げたい場合には,適切な信頼性が確認された遠隔評価システムの導入を検討することによって,評価者盲検化を達成できる可能性がある.

著者

浅居 喜代治 古橋 武 菅野 道夫 向殿 政男 田中 英夫 水本 雅晴 塚本 弥八郎 廣田 薫 福田 敏男 鬼沢 武久

出版者

日本知能情報ファジィ学会

雑誌

知能と情報 (ISSN:13477986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.6, pp.919-928, 2009

著者

堀田 昌寛

出版者

素粒子論グループ 素粒子論研究 編集部

雑誌

素粒子論研究 (ISSN:03711838)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.1, pp.A33-A35, 2010-05-20 (Released:2017-10-02)

著者

Koichiro Mori Yutaro Obara Takahiro Moriya Satoshi Inatomi Norimichi Nakahata

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.67-72, 2011 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

36 48

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The mushroom Hericium erinaceus has been used as a food and herbal medicine since ancient times in East Asia. It has been reported that H. erinaceus promotes nerve growth factor secretion in vitro and in vivo. Nerve growth factor is involved in maintaining and organizing cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system. These findings suggest that H. erinaceus may be appropriate for the prevention or treatment of dementia. In the present study, we examined the effects of H. erinaceus on amyloid β(25-35) peptide-induced learning and memory deficits in mice. Mice were administered 10 μg of amyloid β(25-35) peptide intracerebroventricularly on days 7 and 14, and fed a diet containing H. erinaceus over a 23-d experimental period. Memory and learning function was examined using behavioral pharmacological methods including the Y-maze test and the novelobject recognition test. The results revealed that H. erinaceus prevented impairments of spatial short-term and visual recognition memory induced by amyloid β(25-35) peptide. This finding indicates that H. erinaceus may be useful in the prevention of cognitive dysfunction.

著者

眞田 英毅

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.184-198, 2022 (Released:2023-03-24)

著者

佐野 香織 李 在鎬 さの かおり り じぇほ

出版者

お茶の水女子大学日本言語文化学研究会

雑誌

言語文化と日本語教育 (ISSN:09174206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.94-95, 2007-06-23

著者

Kosuke SODA Yukiko TOMIOKA Tatsufumi USUI Hiroichi OZAKI Hiroshi ITO Yasuko NAGAI Naoki YAMAMOTO Masatoshi OKAMATSU Norikazu ISODA Masahiro KAJIHARA Yoshihiro SAKODA Ayato TAKADA Toshihiro ITO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.23-0122, (Released:2023-07-26)

被引用文献数

3

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In the winter of 2010–2011, Japan experienced a large outbreak of infections caused by clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in wild birds. Interestingly, many tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula), which are migratory diving ducks, succumbed to the infection, whereas only one infection case was reported in migratory dabbling duck species, the major natural hosts of the influenza A virus, during the outbreak. To assess whether the susceptibility of each duck species to HPAIVs was correlated with the number of cases, tufted duck and dabbling duck species (Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope; mallard, Anas platyrhynchos; Northern pintail, Anas acuta) were intranasally inoculated with A/Mandarin duck/Miyazaki/22M807-1/2011 (H5N1), an index clade 2.3.2.1 virus previously used for experimental infection studies in various bird species. All ducks observed for 10 days post-inoculation (dpi) mostly shed the virus via the oral route and survived. The tufted ducks shed a higher titer of the virus than the other dabbling duck species, and one of them showed apparent neurological symptoms after 7 dpi, which were accompanied by eye lesions. No clinical symptoms were observed in the dabbling ducks, although systemic infection and viremia were observed in some of them sacrificed at 3 dpi. These results suggest that the susceptibility of clade 2.3.2.1 HPAIVs might differ by duck species.

著者

吉川 洋子

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1983, no.75, pp.130-149,L13, 1983-10-20 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

58

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Japanese-Philippine negotiations on war reparations lasted from 1951 through 1956, often interrupted by disagreements on the terms of payment. Significantly, the diplomatic deadlocks were often broken by informal channels of communications and secret talks. A host of political and business leaders who had varying degrees of interests in each other's country participated.A most important breakthrough in deadlocked talks was made in New York and Washington in November 1954 by Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru and Senator Jose P. Laurel, whose secret meetings were arranged by the Premier's confidants on Philippine affairs, Nagano Mamoru and Shiohara Tamotsu. Nagano, a leading steel industrialist, had business interests in the Philippine iron mines and other resources, and had his own proposal on a variety of development projects to be financed by reparation funds. Shiohara, Executive Director of the Philippine Society of Japan, had been a personal friend of Senator Laurel since the Japanese occupation period when Laurel was President of the Republic and Shiohara served his government as an advisor on internal affairs.Nagano played several other roles during the whole process, including one as a member of the Japanese delegation for reparations talks. So did many other leaders such as former Ambassador Murata Shozo, Minister Takasaki Tatsunosuke, Prime Minister Kishi Nobusuke, Foreign Minister Fujiyama Aiichiro, and businessmen like Furukawa Yoshizo who had lived in the Philippines before the war and claimed to be experts about the country.Another diplomatic breakthrough was achieved in May 1955 by Ferino Neri, chief Philippine reparations negotiator, who ran a series of secret meetings in Tokyo with political and business influentials regarding the terms of payment. He finally obtained Prime Minister Hatoyama's confidential endorsement of his proposed terms. This success was made with the skillful help of Hatoyama's Deputy Cabinet Secretary Matsumoto Takizo, who apparently had many Philippine acquaintances primarily through the Free Masonry whose members pointedly included Hatoyama, Senator Camilo Osias, and most probably Senator Laurel.The long negotiations demonstrated the significant roles played by informal contact-makers on both sides. Many of them were those with official capacity seeking secret contacts, but some without official capacity also volunteered secretly to help the talks. Both Japanese and Philippine political cultures weigh personal ties, particularly, ties based on clientelism, in political dealings. The interaction of the two cultures over such difficult negotiations multiplied the effectiveness of informal contact-makers.

著者

Masanori Nonaka Nozomi Hanahara Keiichi Kakui

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.231-243, 2023-11-09 (Released:2023-11-09)

参考文献数

28

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A new species of Hemicorallium Gray, 1867 (Coralliidae), Hemicorallium meraboshi sp. nov., is described here. The specimen was found at a depth of 1744–1755 m, approximately 340 km east of the Honshu (mainland Japan) coast. The colony was identified by visual and microscopic observation of standard morphological characteristics (colony size, diameters of colony base and branches, diameter and height of autozooid mound, thickness of coenenchyme, sclerite sizes, etc.) along with support from molecular evidence. The unique features of this specimen are the large (more than 2 mm in diameter) autozooid mounds and the sizable sclerites in the coenenchyme (over 0.1 mm long) that are 8-radiates and multi-radiates predominantly. This new species is the northernmost record of Pacific precious corals.

著者

池内 裕美 藤原 武弘

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.169-178, 2009-02-27 (Released:2017-02-10)

被引用文献数

4

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In life, people experience the loss of people they cherish, possessions, familiar environments, health, and of other things. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological recovery process from loss, focusing on the differences among recovery processes by the type of loss, and the determinants of the length of recovery. Three hundred and ninety-seven participants (162 males, 235 females) who lived in Nishinomiya City were asked to complete a questionnaire by the mail-survey method. The main findings were as follows: (1) The differences among the recovery processes and the number of stages in the recovery process depended on the type of loss. (2) The recovery length was mainly affected by the type of loss, the existence of anticipatory grief, and the difference in age. It was indicated that people (especially elderly people) who did not have any anticipatory grief needed more time to recover. Furthermore, people needed more time to recover from physical loss and separation compared to other types of loss.

著者

今里 悟之

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.7, pp.483-502, 2004-06-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

103

被引用文献数

2 1

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本稿は,1980年代以降の英語圏の地理学の主要トピックの一つである景観テクスト論について,その理論的枠組を再検討する.まず,景観テクスト論の中心論者であったDuncanらの論点とその思想背景を整理する.次に,このDuncanさらにWaltonらとPeetおよびMitchellとの間で展開された,一連の論争の争点を指摘する.最後に,仏語圏や日本の空間記号論も一部参照しつつ,今後の課題を指摘する.すなわち,使用する概念の記号論的な体系化,テクストの空間的な単位と体系への注目,意味の「構造」の多様性・重層性・変動性の解明,事例研究の蓄積とそれらの比較検討,などである.

著者

渡邉 実紗 是枝 伶旺 久米 元 本村 浩之

出版者

国立大学法人 鹿児島大学総合研究博物館

雑誌

Ichthy, Natural History of Fishes of Japan (ISSN:24357715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.5-8, 2023-12-26 (Released:2023-12-27)

著者

髙山 佳奈子

出版者

日本刑法学会

雑誌

刑法雑誌 (ISSN:00220191)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.30-48, 2014-08-30 (Released:2020-11-05)

著者

村川 大輔

出版者

日本スポーツパフォーマンス学会

雑誌

スポーツパフォーマンス研究 (ISSN:21871787)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.177-183, 2022 (Released:2022-08-05)

参考文献数

10

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本研究の目的は,作戦ボードの向きの違いが選手配置の認識に与える影響を明らかにし,より効果的な戦術ミーティングの実施方法を検討することであった.大学サッカー選手15 名を対象に,実際の試合場面を再現した選手配置の画像を用いて,再認段階の選手配置が事前に呈示される視聴段階の選手配置と同じであるかどうかを回答する同異判断課題を実施した.選手配置の画像は,縦向きと横向きの2 条件で呈示し,同異判断の決定時間と正答率について条件間で比較を行った.分析の結果,正答率に関しては,条件間で有意な差は認められなかった一方で,決定時間に関しては,縦向き条件の決定時間が横向き条件と比較して有意に早いことが示された.この結果は,サッカー選手にとって,縦向きに呈示された選手配置の認識が容易であることを示す.以上より,戦術ミーティングを行う場合には,作戦ボードを縦向きに使用することの有効性が示唆された.本研究の知見は,指導現場へ直接応用できるという点で重要な意味を持つといえる.

著者

森本 邦生

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.Supplement, pp.5, 2009 (Released:2012-08-28)

著者

片山 幹生

出版者

日本フランス語教育学会

雑誌

Revue japonaise de didactique du français (ISSN:18805930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1-2, pp.134-137, 2023 (Released:2023-12-21)