著者
Ken Hirata Miho Sekiguchi Yousuke Sato Masaru Inatsu
出版者
公益社団法人 日本気象学会
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2023-007, (Released:2023-01-30)

This study investigated biases of diffuse radiation in a look-up table approach, which pre-computed the sequential ray tracing to avoid heavy computation in full three-dimensional radiative transfer calculation. We introduced corrections that enhanced directionality of radiative propagation in the solar angle and horizontal direction. By comparing irradiance calculations with and without the corrections for cloudy field in an idealized atmospheric simulation, it was found that the corrections helped mitigate vertically localized false signals by diffuse irradiance. The results suggested that the two types of directionalities are important to accurately represent the three-dimensional transfer of diffuse radiation in an inhomogeneous atmosphere.
著者
保田 直美
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, pp.131-149, 2003-05-25 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
3

Recently, Japanese schools are increasingly employing clinical psychologists as school counselors. This increase is generally understood as reflecting a characteristic trend of present society that emphasizes psychological reasoning in everyday life. On the other hand, however, clinical psychologists have not been accepted in hospitals as successfully as in schools. The purpose of this paper is to search for the key factor behind the increase in clinical psychologists in changes of clinical psychology itself, especially its “knowledge” and “scientific principles.”Forty-five textbooks published in post-war Japan were analyzed. It was found that a remarkable change of scientific principles in clinical psychology occurred in the 1970s. Most of the textbooks published before 1970 emphasized the importance of objectivity. However, therapists could not completely exclude subjectivity from their practices because of the face-to-face relationship with their clients. This dilemma was resolved through the introduction of a new perspective in clinical psychology, which simultaneously emphasizes both subjectivity and objectivity. Clinical psychologists applying this perspective believed that therapists could reach universal objectivity through subjectivity. After the 1970s, this belief came to prevail in clinical psychology and to support the practice of therapists.Generally speaking, the change of principles has led clinical psychologists to construct more “soft facts, ” which Latour, the French anthropologist of science, defined as facts with less resources for persuasion. This transformation to “soft facts” from “hard facts” may be a contributing factor to the increase of clinical psychologists in schools. First, by constructing “soft facts” instead of “hard facts, ” clinical psychologists became able to conduct counseling at school without strictly controlling the conditions for it. Second, by emphasis “soft facts” rather than “hard facts, ” the practice of therapists becomes more easily approved by schoolteachers, who have the same orientation. From this point, some differences between schools and hospitals are considered.
著者
山本 雄二
出版者
関西大学社会学部
雑誌
関西大学社会学部紀要 (ISSN:02876817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.1, pp.61-90, 2016-11-15

G.H.ミードの考えは多くの場合、誤解され、変形された上で日本のアカデミズムに受容されてきた。どのように変形されてきたのかを、ミードのオリジナルテクストの語用論的分析によって明らかにし、またどのように理解されるべきかもまた示した。同時に、テクストの日本語への翻訳そのものが無理解と通俗的発想とによってすでに変形されているかについても実例を示しながら明らかにした。

3 0 0 0 OA MCTオイル

著者
都築 和香子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会
雑誌
日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.11, pp.440-441, 2019-11-15 (Released:2019-11-27)
参考文献数
4
著者
松下 泰祐 古田 充 島田 直幸 今井 淳裕 岡 香奈子 勝間 勇介 松岡 佑季 大田 南欧美 末光 浩太郎 和泉 雅章
出版者
一般社団法人 日本透析医学会
雑誌
日本透析医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13403451)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.5, pp.229-234, 2021 (Released:2021-05-28)
参考文献数
16

症例は66歳,女性.人工血管内シャントにより維持透析されていた.発熱のため前医を受診し感染症疑いで入院.入院第1病日よりセフトリアキソン(CTRX)2 g/日の投与開始.第3病日人工血管感染の診断となり,改善を認めないため第10病日手術目的にて当院に転院.第16病日人工血管部分置換術を行った.第17病日より意識レベルが低下し,第18病日に昏睡状態となった.頭部CT・MRIや髄液検査で特異的所見を認めず,CTRXによる脳症の可能性を考えた.CTRXは蛋白結合率が高く血液透析(hemodialysis: HD)では除去効率が悪いため,第19病日に血液吸着(hemoadsorption: HA)を定期のHDに併用し,明らかに意識レベルが改善し,第21病日には入院前と変わらない意識レベルまで回復した.後日判明したHD・HA併用前の血中CTRX濃度は306 μg/mLと高値であり,HD・HA併用を1回行うことにより約3分の1に低下した.また,髄液中CTRX濃度も26 μg/mLと著明に高値であった.以上よりCTRX脳症であったと確定診断した.
著者
菅宮 健
出版者
日本生活学会
雑誌
生活学論叢 (ISSN:24332933)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.3-14, 2000-09-30 (Released:2021-03-29)

It has been a long-established tradition to scatter soybeans in the bean-scattering ceremony on setsubun, the eve of the beginning of spring. However, recently in Hokkaido district, people use peanuts instead of soybeans in this ceremony. In order to investigate changes of manners and customs followed on setsubun, a survey was made throughout Japan by means of questionnaires. All of respondents in Hokkaido and about 80% in Tohoku district were shown to scatter peanuts. In other districts many respondents used soybeans and those who chose peanuts were minor. A change from soybeans to peanuts was estimated to occur earlier in Hokkaido than in Tohoku. Reasons of this change were discussed in connection with the characteristic style of indoor living in Hokkaido. A new trend was found to spread from Kinki to neighboring districts. On setsubun, many people there eat in silence futomaki whole, big vinegared rice rolled in dried laver, looking toward a lucky direction of the year and praying for good luck. The custom to eat as many beans as one's age on this day was shown to prevail throughout the country, but that to decorate fish heads on sprays to be less popular.
著者
上神 貴佳
出版者
日本選挙学会
雑誌
選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.1, pp.26-37, 2010 (Released:2017-05-08)
参考文献数
25

政治的リーダーシップとは,個人的な資質から生まれるものなのか,それとも構造に依拠するものなのか,いずれが正しいのであろうか。日本においても,小泉首相が発揮した(とされる)強力なリーダーシップをめぐって,政治改革や行政改革など,制度的な要因の帰結なのか,「ポピュリスト」的なスタイルの産物なのか,様々な議論がある。本稿も同様の問題意識に立ち,二つの要因の役割について考察する。具体的には,自民党総裁選における党員投票を分析の対象とする。党員投票とは,党内民主主義を促進するための制度であるだけではなく,党首が指導力を発揮するために必要な政治的エネルギーを調達するための装置でもある。そこで,選挙制度改革が党員投票を伴う総裁選の常態化をもたらすメカニズムを検証し,構造的な変化と政治家の個性が果たす役割について,インプリケーションを得ることを目標とする。
著者
小松原 秀紀 武田 大介 藤林 淳子 古森 孝英
出版者
日本口腔診断学会
雑誌
日本口腔診断学会雑誌 (ISSN:09149694)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.18-22, 2017-02-20 (Released:2017-05-23)
参考文献数
27

We have occasionally experienced cases with aberrant foreign bodies, such as fish bones or metal fragments of dental materials, in the oral region. Recently, there have been cases of serious injury due to piercing of the nose, lips, and other body parts. We report the case of a 49-year-old man with a needle in the floor of his mouth that had been used to pierce the tongue.The patient visited our department because of difficulty in swallowing and speaking. Macroscopically, only a slight redness on the right side of the oral floor was seen; the foreign body could not be felt on palpation. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography showed a sharp, straight metallic object extending from the floor of the mouth to the submental region. The object was located in the deep submucosal layer of the oral floor into the right suprahyoid muscles and was surgically removed from the inside of the right anterior belly of the digastric muscle using an extraoral approach. We chose to use general anesthesia because of the risk of bleeding and airway obstruction. The object was a metal needle 5 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length. The postoperative course until 1 year was uneventful.
著者
齊藤 崇子 中村 知靖 遠藤 利彦
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.6, pp.517-522, 2005-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
5 7

The present study examined whether scores on big five personality factors correlated with face-recognition response time in visual search paradigm. Sixty adjectives were used to measure personality scores of 60 participants along the five factors of Extroversion, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Picture of human faces or geometrical figures in a 4×4 array were used as stimuli. The sixteen faces or figures were either identical (absent condition) or one randomly placed target with 15 identical distracters (present condition). Participants were asked to respond ‘present’ or ‘absent’ as fast and accurately as possible. Results showed that the response time differed significantly between high and low groups of each personality factor except Agreeableness. For Extroversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness, the response time difference was observed only for human face recognition. The results suggested that personality differences and face recognition were related.
著者
Koshiro Kanaoka Yoshitaka Iwanaga Katsuki Okada Satoshi Terasaki Yuichi Nishioka Michikazu Nakai Daisuke Kamon Tomoya Myojin Tsunenari Soeda Tatsuya Noda Manabu Horii Yasushi Sakata Yoshihiro Miyamoto Yoshihiko Saito Tomoaki Imamura
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CJ-22-0566, (Released:2023-01-28)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
6

Background: We aimed to validate a claims-based diagnostic algorithm to identify hospitalized patients with acute major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from health insurance claims in Japan.Methods and Results: This retrospective multicenter validation study was conducted at 4 institutes, including Japanese Circulation Society-certified and uncertified hospitals in Japan. Data on patients with CVDs in departmental lists or with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for CVDs hospitalized between April 2018 and March 2019 were extracted. We examined the sensitivity and positive predictive value of a diagnostic algorithm using ICD-10 codes, medical examinations, and treatments for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute heart failure (HF), and acute aortic disease (AAD). We identified 409 patients with ACS (mean age 70.6 years; 24.7% female), 615 patients with acute HF (mean age 77.3 years; 46.2% female), and 122 patients with AAD (mean age 73.4 years; 36.1% female). The respective sensitivity and positive predictive value for the algorithm were 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.89) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.97) for ACS; 0.74 (95% CI 0.70–0.77) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.76–0.83) for acute HF; and 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.92) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.76–0.89) for AAD.Conclusions: The validity of the diagnostic algorithm for Japanese claims data was acceptable. Our results serve as a foundation for future studies on CVDs using nationwide administrative data.
著者
野田 明子 宮田 聖子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本臨床衛生検査技師会
雑誌
医学検査 (ISSN:09158669)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.J-STAGE-2, pp.95-105, 2017-08-31 (Released:2017-09-06)
参考文献数
22

睡眠障害・睡眠不足は認知症のリスクファクターであり,認知症の発症・重症化の予防において睡眠検査は有用である。睡眠の客観評価法として,終夜における睡眠深度・睡眠中の呼吸循環の生理現象を総合的に評価する睡眠ポリグラフ検査,睡眠覚醒リズムを評価するアクチグラフィ,過眠症の診断や治療効果の判定として実施される反復睡眠潜時検査および在宅で行うことができる簡易睡眠呼吸障害検査がある。主観的睡眠検査として,ピッツバーグ睡眠質問票およびエプワース眠気尺度は睡眠障害のスクリーニングとして日常臨床で汎用されている。また,睡眠日誌はアクチグラフィとともに概日リズム睡眠障害の診断に必須の検査である。これらの睡眠検査の臨床的意義,検査方法および評価を十分理解し,実施することが重要である。
著者
武石 みどり
雑誌
研究紀要
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, pp.1-21, 2009-12-10
著者
北村 浩一 米川 力
出版者
一般社団法人 日本臨床救急医学会
雑誌
日本臨床救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13450581)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.4, pp.632-635, 2020-08-31 (Released:2020-08-31)
参考文献数
8

目的:外傷患者出場事案のうちSMRを行う対象に変更があったJPTECガイドライン改訂前後で全身固定の実施状況および現場活動に変化がみられたかを調査し,今後の病院前救急活動について検討する。方法:スクープストレッチャーでの固定を含むバックボードで全身固定またはSMRを実施した外傷患者293症例を対象とし,そのうち固定理由,現場活動時間および病院照会回数をJPTECガイドライン改訂前後で調査した。結果:現場活動平均時間は,改訂前後でそれぞれLoad and Go(L&G)が15分,10分,非L&Gが22分,24分。病院照会平均回数は,改訂前後でそれぞれL&Gが1.05回,1.00回,非L&Gが1.53回,1.74回であった。SMRを行い実際に脊髄損傷があった症例は,改訂前後で4.7%,10.3%。明らかにSMRが必要ない症例は,改訂前後で27%,21%であった。結論:JPTECガイドライン改訂前後とも適応外とされる全身固定が実施されており,現場活動時間短縮と傷病者予後のために救急隊員に対して継続的な教育・訓練が必要である。