著者

足立 準

出版者

Meeting of Osaka Dermatological Association

雑誌

皮膚 (ISSN:00181390)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.299-300, 2000 (Released:2010-08-25)

参考文献数

3

著者

野澤 直美 高木 翔太 渡邉 哲司 風間 竜之介 小沼(中村) 実香 村橋 毅 高野 文英

出版者

日本薬史学会

雑誌

薬史学雑誌 (ISSN:02852314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.94-103, 2019 (Released:2020-07-11)

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Nitre was a substance essential for making gunpowder, of which the process for making was to be one of the top secrets from the middle to early modern period in Japan. Nitrate, from nitre, was directly prepared from nitre-enriched deposits in most countries; however, nitre deposits were rare in Japan. Hence, nitrate was produced from aged-soil using a method called Kodo-hou in Japan. There are a few pieces of literature that refer to making nitrate from aged-soil. We report here some experimental evidence for purification of potassium nitrate(KNO3)from aged-soil using the Kodo-hou method. Further, the levels of both ions such as cations(Na+ and K+)and anions(Cl-, NO3-, SO42-)in ash and aged-soil are also measured and compared to normal soil.

著者

片岡 栄美

出版者

関東社会学会

雑誌

年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, no.15, pp.30-43, 2002-06-01 (Released:2010-04-21)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Why is that many sociologists say that the theory of cultural reproduction coined by Bourdieu has no applicability to Japan? I have shown that there is a structural mechanism that conceals cultural reproduction in Japanese society. Most high status men become cultural omnivores who are familiar with both popular culture and high culture, but overall men are not major consumers of high culture. Because the public field is occupied mainly by men, their patterns of cultural consumption are taken to stand for the Japanese pattern as a whole and thus Japanese culture is seen as popular and equalitarian. High culture and its reproduction receives little attention because it is largely concealed in private domains dominated by women.

著者

中田 考

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.66-82, 1996 (Released:2010-03-12)

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In the history of Islamic legal thought, al-Juwaini's al-Ghiyathi is a unique work, because he devotes himself in its last chapter to dealing with the possibility of Mappo (borrowed from a Buddhist concept), the era of extinction of the Shari'a, not in an eschatological way but in a juristical way.He says that the knowledge of the fundamentals of Shari'a will be lost among people after the disappearance of its legal authorities, i. e., mujtahids and transmitters of madhhabs, which will occur after the disappearance of the political authorities, i. e., caliphs and sultans.According to his understanding, the extinction of the knowledge will happen not because of the lack and decrease of books, but because of the increase of hairsplitting debates and pedantic disputes which occupy so much the minds of people and students as to make them tired at last.al-Juwaini compares Muslims in the era of extinction of the Shari'a with people whom the message of Islam has not reached. He concludes that, besides the beliefs in the unity of God and the prophethood of Muhammad, Muslim's sole obligation in such an era is to make himself ready for observance of the prescriptions of Shari'a, hoping to get to know them someday. Because there is no obligation without receiving the divine commandments according to the Ash'ari school to which al-Juwaini belongs.In his opinion the details of the Shari'a can not be understood without guidance of its authorities. So the utmost which can be hoped in case the legal authorities as well as the political authorities have disappeared, is that individual muslims reconstruct the fundamentals of the Shari'a from the remaining writings on the subject and apply the fundamentals to their own situations.

著者

Kaito Kotani Kandai Doi Nana Ushine Takuya Kato Tatsuo Sato Masaki Nonagase Shin-ichi Hayama

出版者

The Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.4, pp.157-159, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

20

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An engorged ixodid tick was collected from a rescued short-tailed shearwater, Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck), at Funabashi Sanbanse Seaside Park in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Based on morphological features, we identified the specimen as Ixodes kerguelenensis (André and Colas-Belcour), which is a species known to infest seabirds in Oceania. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of I. kerguelenensis in Japan. The case of infestation to the shearwater suggests the possibility of the long-distance translocation of the tick in Oceanian region to Japan.

著者

粕谷 英一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.179-185, 2015-07-30 (Released:2017-05-23)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

6

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生態学におけるモデル選択の方法として広く使われている赤池情報量規準(AIC)について、真のモデルを特定するために使うことは本来の目的から離れていることを指摘し、サンプルサイズが大きくてもAIC最小という基準で真のモデルが選ばれない確率が無視し得ないほど大きいことを単純な数値例で示した。また、AICの値に閾値を設けて、AICの値が他のモデルより小さくしかも差の絶対値が閾値を越えているときのみにモデルを選ぶとしても、真のモデルが選ばれない確率が高いという問題点は解決されないことを示した。

著者

田中 大介

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.57-73,147, 2006-10-31 (Released:2016-03-23)

参考文献数

27

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This paper will use Kunio Yanagita's discourse with regard to modem transportation to consider how he formulated his folklore methodology. Because the transportation environment Yanagita addressed was in the pre-war period, this then is an historical sociological study with regard to modern transportation through Yanagita's discourse. Yanagita placed a great emphasis on travel, as have the Japanese folklorists who have succeeded him. However, they have tended to underestimate modern transportation and to palace greater value on pedestrian travel. Yanagita also shared this tendency, believing that travel by railway the old folk stratum as an object of analysis and that rail travel would invalidate his analysis as well. Yanagita distinguished between pedestrian travel (travail) in the early period and sightseeing, mainly using modern transportation, is seen as the golden age of travel for Yanagita and it can be said that modern/pedestrian traffic is not a choice between alternative s. Then what was modern transportation, especially railway transportation, for Yanagita? He regarded transportation by rail as an opportunity to travel widely and to see scenery from the "windows of trains." In this mode of travel, landscape was not "scenery as sign" (as might be found in a guidebook), but "scenery as a trace" (offering an interpretation of people's lives and history). That is, Yanagita's folklore method was to collect, classify and systematize "scenery as traces" encountered during the course of his travels. Finally this paper suggests that his transportation theory and his approach to travel share a common meaning from a sociological perspective.

著者

草野 央 池原 久朝 鈴木 翔 江崎 充 後藤田 卓志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会

雑誌

日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 (ISSN:03871207)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.48-56, 2018 (Released:2018-01-22)

参考文献数

16

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消化器内視鏡治療のめざましい発展とともに,安定した治療を施せるような鎮静が求められている.しかし,内視鏡時の鎮静に対する承認が取得できている薬剤はほとんどなく,ミダゾラムやフル二トラゼパムが保険適応外で使用されているのが現状であり,安全かつ確実な鎮静方法の確立が急務となっている.この状況を受けて2013年には日本消化器内視鏡学会より“内視鏡診療における鎮静に関するガイドライン”が作成され,鎮静が必要と考えられる局面においてどのような鎮静方法が良いのか,指針が示されている.近年では,鎮静薬として,短時間作用型のプロポフォールや呼吸抑制がないプレセデックスが注目を浴びており,消化器内視鏡治療領域においても使用頻度が増している.しかし,その適応や使用方法を誤ると偶発症のリスクが高まるのも事実である.薬剤の特徴,使用方法,モニタリング方法等,今まで以上に事前の学習とトレーニングが必須の時代となっている.

著者

田中 和大 井藤 大樹 細谷 和海

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境教育学会

雑誌

環境教育 (ISSN:09172866)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.3_49-56, 2020 (Released:2020-04-15)

参考文献数

26

著者

Yasuyuki Okumura Nobuo Sakata Hisateru Tachimori Tadashi Takeshima

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20180066, (Released:2018-09-22)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

7

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Background: Understanding the area-specific resource use of inpatient psychiatric care is essential for the efficient use of the public assistance system. This study aimed to assess the geographical variation in psychiatric admissions and to identify the prefecture-level determinants of psychiatric admissions among recipients of public assistance in Japan.Methods: We identified all recipients of public assistance who were hospitalized in a psychiatric ward in May 2014, 2015, or 2016 using the Fact-finding Survey on Medical Assistance. The age- and sex-standardized number of psychiatric admissions was calculated for each of the 47 prefectures, using direct and indirect standardization methods.Results: A total of 46,559 psychiatric inpatients were identified in May 2016. The number of psychiatric admissions per 100,000 population was 36.6. We found a 7.1-fold difference between the prefectures with the highest (Nagasaki) and lowest (Nagano) numbers of admissions. The method of decomposing explained variance in the multiple regression model showed that the number of psychiatric beds per 100,000 population and the number of recipients of public assistance per 1,000 population were the most important determinants of the number of psychiatric admissions (R2 = 28% and R2 = 23%, respectively). The sensitivity analyses, using medical cost as the outcome and data from different survey years and subgroups, showed similar findings.Conclusions: We identified a large geographical variation in the number and total medical cost of psychiatric admissions among recipients of public assistance. Our findings should encourage policy makers to assess the rationale for this variation and consider strategies for reducing it.

著者

小林 国夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.784, pp.32-47, 1961-01-25 (Released:2008-04-11)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3 1

著者

平川 周作 中島 淳 松木 昌也 古賀 敬興 秦 弘一郎 柏原 学 古閑 豊和 石間 妙子 宮脇 崇 金子 洋平 志水 信弘 松本 源生 石橋 融子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本環境化学会

雑誌

環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.125-132, 2020 (Released:2020-09-18)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we examined a fish survey method using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding in a river, and the relationship between the fish survey results and water quality detected in eDNA was analyzed. eDNA surveys and fishing surveys were conducted in summer and winter, targeting three sites on three rivers in Fukuoka prefecture. Our comparison of riffles and pools and our examination of the appropriate places to collect eDNA samples revealed that the detected fish species were not completely consistent between the two kinds of surveys and there was no ecological features common to detected fish species. Therefore, sampling at multiple locations is expected to reduce detectable fish dropouts. More fish species were detected in the eDNA survey than in the collection survey at all times. However, the results also suggested that the DNA of fish species living upstream may remain at sampling site, and benthic fish species tend to be difficult to detect by eDNA surveys. In addition, the influence of water quality on the characteristics of the survey site were analyzed, since marine species were detected in some river eDNA surveys. The results suggested that domestic drainage is likely to affect the characteristics in winter, when the amount of water is small, and the change in concentration of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and its salts and the change of the ratio of chloride ions may be used as an index of domestic drainage.

著者

鈴木 喬

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ゴム協会

雑誌

日本ゴム協会誌 (ISSN:0029022X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.219-226, 1968-03-15 (Released:2009-10-16)

参考文献数

8

著者

林 伯原

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.59-75, 2014-01-31 (Released:2015-01-31)

参考文献数

38

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Prior to the times of Jiajing (A.D.1521-1566), Japanese swords were often imported into China as tributes, trading goods and complimentary gifts, but there was no record that Chinese troops or civilians had learned and widely used Japanese swordplay, except for the imperial guards. Since the year of Jiajing 31 (A.D.1552), the massive Japanese invasion of the southeast coast of China made Chinese people notice the advantage of Japanese swordplay. Meanwhile Chinese army and civilians who loved Chinese wushu needed better sword skills,therefore Japanese swordplay became rapidly known and absorbed by them and spread among the folk people. At that time some members of the Chinese army were equipped with Japanese long swords; the warriors used cane shields, and the archers and the cavalry were equipped with Japanese waist broadswords. Training involved the repetition of solo patterns or routines first, followed by matches with other people. Some civilians who learned Japanese swordplay exercised mainly the routines, others mainly practiced a single pose or stance. The kind of Japanese swordplay that spread among civilians could be divided into two types: in one, people were trained by original Japanese swordplay; in the other one, people practiced Japanese swordplay with Chinese swordsmanship together, integrating Chinese swordplay and Japanese swordplay into a new kind of swordplay. In both cases, the practice of Japanese swordplay introduced into China was characterized by the use of patterns or routines.But the routines used by the Chinese army and the folk people were greatly different. In the army, the routine was laid out from the perspective of group training, so it was brief and simple; while the folk routine was laid out from an individual point of view, so it was long and complicated.

著者

飯野 正光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本移植学会

雑誌

移植 (ISSN:05787947)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.1-7, 2022 (Released:2022-05-19)

参考文献数

7

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The Japanese Association of Medical Sciences established a Uterus Transplantation (UTx) Ethics Review Committee to examine, from the standpoint of medical, ethical, legal, and social perspectives, whether UTx can be performed in Japan. The Committee concluded that carefully designed clinical research studies with a small number of live-donor UTx cases may be conducted. At the same time, comprehensive measures regarding diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with congenital deficiency in the uterus should be established, and it should be requested to include the uterus in the list of legally transplantable organs from deceased donors. Furthermore, an inspection committee jointly formed by the Japanese Society of Transplantation and the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology should be implemented to oversee individual UTx cases.

著者

田中 春美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会

雑誌

高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.207-214, 2005 (Released:2007-03-01)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 1

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みずからの経験をもとに, 日本高次脳機能障害学会会員の言語聴覚士と学会へいくつかの提言をした。言語聴覚士へ : (1) 経験年数が同じくらいの仲間と症例検討を行う, (2) ありのままの症状を検討する, (3) 自分たち自身で考え工夫して専門性を高める, (4) 学会で良い発表や良い質問をして, 学会の発展に寄与する。学会へ : (1) 高次脳機能障害を対象とする専門家の認定をしてほしい, (2) 医師も興味を持つ内容の講習会を開催してほしい, (3) 学会総会での発表会場を減らして2つにしてほしい。

著者

白石 浩介

出版者

日本財政学会

雑誌

財政研究 (ISSN:24363421)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.119-146, 2016 (Released:2021-08-28)

参考文献数

29

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2014年4月における消費増税に伴う価格転嫁について検討した。税制は増税分の価格への転嫁を予定しているが,企業は税抜き価格を操作することにより,転嫁不足や過剰転嫁ができる。従来の分析では消費者物価指数(Consumer-Price-Index:CPI)が対象とされたが,CPIは価格が7日間以上持続した定価データである。実勢価格に近いとされるPoint-of-Sale(POS)データを用いた分析を試みた。 POS価格の推移をみると,多くの品目において消費税は転嫁されている。しかし,品目別の価格変化率にはばらつきがあり,転嫁不足,過剰転嫁となった品目の存在が示唆される。POS価格とCPIを比較したところ,POS価格はCPIを上回る価格変動を示しており,販売者は定価では税制どおりの価格転嫁を実施しつつ,特売価格では品目ごとに異なる価格設定を実施した可能性がある。POS価格を被説明変数とし,価格変化に影響する要因群を説明変数とする回帰推計の結果から,市場が寡占状況にあると転嫁されやすいが,企業や販売店は付加価値を圧縮することにより転嫁を抑制していることがわかった。

著者

松浦 正伸

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.187, pp.187_80-187_96, 2017-03-25 (Released:2017-05-23)

参考文献数

91

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How do we apply history in politics? The purpose of this paper is to analyze how recognition in civil society, such as perception of history, plays a role in public opinion and parliamentary government. To clarify this research question, incorporating a political concept into the analysis, this paper focused on roles of the General Association of Korean Residents (Chongryon) and the North Korean Lobby and looked into the backgrounds in the repatriation massively expanded between 1959 and 1961.Before repatriation movements started, changes of organization structures were observed in the Chongryon and they began to speak in favor of North Korea. Simultaneously, the nature of the Niccho-Kyokai (日朝協会), which had been taking a politically neutral position, also began to change. They began to be a lobbying group in order to support the North Korean foreign diplomacy against Japan.Applying a concept of “Pseudo Environment” defined by Walter Lippmann as a subjective, biased, and abridged mental image of the world, this section reflected on influences of the two key players over North Korean residents in Japan and Japanese public opinion. The analysis found a social trend with regards to repatriation issues being manipulated by a correlation of three components in the Pseudo Environment: (1) unified perception of history, (2) motherland-oriented nationalism, and (3) economic rationality.Based on a data-mining method, the influences of the Pseudo Environment in the Diet were analyzed. The penetration of such an environment into civil society assisted the Diet members with the repatriation project being recognized ethically and humanitarianly. Therefore, intentions of the North Korean strategies against South Korea were insufficiently discussed.The Pseudo Environment lost its effect as (1) demand of mobilization was weakened, (2) activities were diversified among the North Korean Lobby, and (3) information about North Korea was brought by returnees, and gaps were gradually closed between the Pseudo Environment and reality.As a result of the Pseudo Environment effectively created by the two players among the North Korean residents in Japan and in the Japanese public opinion, one-sided recognition of North Korean strategies influenced civil society and parliamentary government to bring the mass repatriation out. This analysis also concludes that a nation is capable of controlling a social trend in other countries via intermediaries from outside of its country taking advantage of certain recognition. When we see international relations in East Asia, perception of history is an ongoing issue and has been more complex. This indicates that more case studies will be expected on how history has been utilized in politics.

著者

藤井 裕矩 向井 浩子 津久井 一平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.27-32, 2015-01-05 (Released:2017-06-12)

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宇宙エレベータは,極めて魅力的な宇宙インフラストラクチャである.実現すれば,繰り返し使用できる低価格の宇宙への運搬手段となり,これからの宇宙開発に大いに益するとともに大量の核廃棄物の太陽への投棄を可能にするなど地球環境の救世主となることができる.一方,1)その期待される材料の可能性はいまだ未知である,2)テザーを介して運航するため運行速度が限られ放射線帯の影響を強く受ける,さらに,3)全体に巨大な面積で宇宙航行を妨げるのみならず宇宙デブリによる甚大な被害が予想される,など実現性に対して大きく疑問が投げかけられている.本稿では,宇宙エレベータを,宇宙テザーの究極の形態と考え,それに至るまでの構想を検討するとともに,実現することによる種々の問題点についての検討を提案する.

著者

友納 正裕 原 祥尭

出版者

一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会

雑誌

システム/制御/情報 (ISSN:09161600)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.45-50, 2020-02-15 (Released:2020-08-15)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2